diff --git a/internal/app/skill_setup.go b/internal/app/skill_setup.go
index 2d2abf24..6c0becf4 100644
--- a/internal/app/skill_setup.go
+++ b/internal/app/skill_setup.go
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ var (
 	skillSetupExecutable      = os.Executable
 	skillSetupGetwd           = os.Getwd
 	skillSetupUserHomeDir     = os.UserHomeDir
-	skillSetupSystemHomeDir   = upgrade.ResolveSystemHomeDir
+	skillSetupSystemHomeDir   = os.UserHomeDir
 	skillSetupRemoveAll       = os.RemoveAll
 	skillSetupBackupAndRemove = upgrade.BackupAndRemoveSkillDir
 	skillSetupRestoreBackup   = upgrade.RestoreSkillPath
diff --git a/internal/upgrade/paths.go b/internal/upgrade/paths.go
index d0edb495..f0424ae6 100644
--- a/internal/upgrade/paths.go
+++ b/internal/upgrade/paths.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/user"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"sort"
@@ -140,26 +139,9 @@ var universalSkillDirs = map[string]bool{
 	".amp/skills":      true,
 }
 
-// upgradeCurrentUser is the test seam backing ResolveSystemHomeDir.
-var upgradeCurrentUser = user.Current
-
-// ResolveSystemHomeDir returns the operating-system user's real home directory
-// independent of the $HOME environment variable. $HOME may be overridden in
-// isolated or verifier contexts, so the app-bundle detection gate
-// (allowSystemApps = homeDir == systemHome) must compare against a HOME-
-// independent source to actually mean "operating on the real user profile".
-// It prefers the OS user database (getpwuid on Unix) and falls back to $HOME
-// only when the user record cannot be resolved.
-func ResolveSystemHomeDir() (string, error) {
-	if u, err := upgradeCurrentUser(); err == nil && u.HomeDir != "" {
-		return u.HomeDir, nil
-	}
-	return os.UserHomeDir()
-}
-
 var (
 	upgradeUserHomeDir     = os.UserHomeDir
-	upgradeSystemHomeDir   = ResolveSystemHomeDir
+	upgradeSystemHomeDir   = os.UserHomeDir
 	upgradeExecutable      = os.Executable
 	upgradeEvalSymlinks    = filepath.EvalSymlinks
 	upgradeCopyDir         = copyDir
diff --git a/internal/upgrade/system_home_test.go b/internal/upgrade/system_home_test.go
deleted file mode 100644
index 7870742f..00000000
--- a/internal/upgrade/system_home_test.go
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package upgrade
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os/user"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/testseam"
-)
-
-// TestCrossPlatformCoverageSystemHomeIndependentOfHOME pins that the app-bundle
-// detection gate compares against a HOME-independent system home: ResolveSystemHomeDir
-// prefers the OS user record (getpwuid on Unix) and only falls back to $HOME when that
-// record cannot be resolved. Without this, allowSystemApps = homeDir == systemHome is a
-// no-op whenever $HOME is overridden, because both sides would honor the same override.
-func TestCrossPlatformCoverageSystemHomeIndependentOfHOME(t *testing.T) {
-	// Success path: the OS user database home is returned as-is.
-	testseam.Swap(t, &upgradeCurrentUser, func() (*user.User, error) {
-		return &user.User{HomeDir: "/tmp/dws-real-system-home"}, nil
-	})
-	got, err := ResolveSystemHomeDir()
-	if err != nil || got != "/tmp/dws-real-system-home" {
-		t.Fatalf("ResolveSystemHomeDir success = (%q, %v), want /tmp/dws-real-system-home", got, err)
-	}
-
-	// Fallback path: when the user record is unavailable, fall back to $HOME.
-	testseam.Swap(t, &upgradeCurrentUser, func() (*user.User, error) {
-		return nil, errors.New("user record unavailable")
-	})
-	got, err = ResolveSystemHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ResolveSystemHomeDir fallback returned error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got == "" {
-		t.Fatalf("ResolveSystemHomeDir fallback returned empty home")
-	}
-
-	// Empty HomeDir is also treated as "unresolved" and falls back.
-	testseam.Swap(t, &upgradeCurrentUser, func() (*user.User, error) {
-		return &user.User{HomeDir: ""}, nil
-	})
-	got, err = ResolveSystemHomeDir()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("ResolveSystemHomeDir empty-home fallback returned error: %v", err)
-	}
-	if got == "" {
-		t.Fatalf("ResolveSystemHomeDir empty-home fallback returned empty home")
-	}
-}