fix(event): harden personal stream lifecycle

# Conflicts:
#	skills/mono/SKILL.md

README.md

@@ -406,6 +406,51 @@ Env vars: `DWS_SKILL_MODE=mono|multi` (also honored by `install.sh` / `install.p
 
 ## Features
 
+<details>
+<summary><strong>Personal Event Subscription</strong> — real-time DingTalk messages for event-driven agents</summary>
+
+`dws event consume` subscribes as the currently logged-in user over a managed Stream WebSocket and emits each event as one NDJSON line on stdout. The public catalog currently covers messages that mention the current user, one-to-one messages with a specified user, and messages in a specified group.
+
+> **Prerequisite**: run `dws auth login`. Personal identity is resolved from the OAuth token and cannot be supplied through command-line identity flags.
+
+For an event-focused installation, use the official convenience installer:
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/main/scripts/install-event.sh | sh
+```
+
+```bash
+# Inspect the public personal event catalog and schema
+dws event list
+dws event schema user_im_message_receive_o2o
+
+# Listen for messages that mention the current user
+dws event consume user_im_message_receive_at -f ndjson
+
+# Listen for one-to-one messages with a specified user
+dws event consume user_im_message_receive_o2o --user <userId> -f ndjson
+
+# Listen for messages in a specified group
+dws event consume user_im_message_receive_group --group <openConversationId> -f ndjson
+
+# Inspect local consumers and cancel a subscription
+dws event status
+dws event stop <subscribe_id>
+```
+
+| Feature | Details |
+|---------|---------|
+| Managed lifecycle | `consume` creates or reuses the personal subscription; `stop` cancels it and cleans local state |
+| Shared connection | Consumers for the same user share one local bus and cloud connection |
+| Subscription isolation | Normal consumers match both event type and `subscribe_id` |
+| Agent-friendly output | Stream events are written to stdout as NDJSON; status and diagnostics use stderr |
+| Observability | `status` shows remote subscriptions, the personal bus, and local consumers |
+| Cross-platform | Unix Socket on macOS/Linux, Windows Named Pipe on Windows |
+
+See `skills/multi/dingtalk-event/SKILL.md` for the Agent workflow and supported event parameters.
+
+</details>
+
 <details>
 <summary><strong>Raw API Access</strong> — call any DingTalk OpenAPI directly</summary>
 

README_zh.md

@@ -403,6 +403,51 @@ DWS_SKILL_SOURCE=/path/to/skills dws skill setup --mode multi
 
 ## 功能特性
 
+<details>
+<summary><strong>个人事件订阅</strong> — 实时接收钉钉消息，驱动事件触发的 Agent</summary>
+
+`dws event consume` 使用当前 OAuth 登录用户建立托管的 Stream WebSocket 长连接，并把每条事件以 NDJSON 一行输出到 stdout。当前公开目录包括：当前用户被 @ 的消息、与指定用户的单聊消息、指定群的消息。
+
+> **前置条件**：先运行 `dws auth login`。个人身份从 OAuth token 解析，不允许通过命令行伪造。
+
+只需要 event 能力时，可以使用官方便捷安装脚本：
+
+```bash
+curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/main/scripts/install-event.sh | sh
+```
+
+```bash
+# 查看公开个人事件目录和 schema
+dws event list
+dws event schema user_im_message_receive_o2o
+
+# 监听当前用户被 @ 的消息
+dws event consume user_im_message_receive_at -f ndjson
+
+# 监听与指定用户的单聊消息
+dws event consume user_im_message_receive_o2o --user <userId> -f ndjson
+
+# 监听指定群的消息
+dws event consume user_im_message_receive_group --group <openConversationId> -f ndjson
+
+# 查看本地 consume，并取消指定订阅
+dws event status
+dws event stop <subscribe_id>
+```
+
+| 特性 | 说明 |
+|------|------|
+| 自动编排 | `consume` 创建或复用个人订阅，`stop` 取消订阅并清理本地状态 |
+| 共享连接 | 同一用户的多个 consumer 共享本地 bus 和云端长连接 |
+| 订阅隔离 | 正常 consumer 同时按事件类型和 `subscribe_id` 匹配 |
+| Agent 友好输出 | Stream 事件写入 stdout，连接状态和诊断信息写入 stderr |
+| 状态可观测 | `status` 同时显示服务端订阅、personal bus 和本地 consumers |
+| 跨平台 | macOS/Linux 使用 Unix Socket，Windows 使用 Named Pipe |
+
+Agent 工作流和事件参数详见 `skills/multi/dingtalk-event/SKILL.md`。
+
+</details>
+
 <details>
 <summary><strong>Raw API 调用</strong> — 直接调用钉钉 OpenAPI</summary>
 

go.mod

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ module github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli
 go 1.25.9
 
 require (
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2
 	github.com/RealAlexandreAI/json-repair v0.0.15
 	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.6
 	github.com/charmbracelet/huh v1.0.0
 	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0
 	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
+	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0
 	github.com/itchyny/gojq v0.12.18
 	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0
 	github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go v0.9.1
@@ -35,7 +37,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f // indirect
 	github.com/godbus/dbus/v5 v5.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/websocket v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/itchyny/timefmt-go v0.1.7 // indirect
 	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.13 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc v1.0.0 h1:cXCdzVdstXyiTqTvfqk9SDHpKNjxuom+DOlyEeQ4pzQ=
 github.com/MakeNowJust/heredoc v1.0.0/go.mod h1:mG5amYoWBHf8vpLOuehzbGGw0EHxpZZ6lCpQ4fNJ8LE=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
 github.com/RealAlexandreAI/json-repair v0.0.15 h1:AN8/yt8rcphwQrIs/FZeki+cKaIERUNr25zf1flirIs=
 github.com/RealAlexandreAI/json-repair v0.0.15/go.mod h1:GKJi5borR78O8c7HCVbgqjhoiVibZ6hJldxbc6dGrAI=
 github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 h1:EH0zSVneZPSuFR11BlR9YppQTVDbh5+16AmcJi4g1z4=

internal/app/event_command_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	authpkg "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/source"
+)
+
+func writeEventTestAppConfig(t *testing.T, dir string, cfg authpkg.AppConfig) {
+	t.Helper()
+	raw, err := json.MarshalIndent(cfg, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal app config: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(authpkg.GetAppConfigPath(dir), raw, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write app config: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveEventCredentials_PortalNormalAllowsMissingClientSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(authpkg.EnvClientID, "")
+	t.Setenv(authpkg.EnvClientSecret, "")
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	clientID, clientSecret, err := resolveEventCredentials(dir, eventStreamTicketOptions{
+		Mode:     source.PortalTicketModeNormal,
+		SourceID: "pre_open_source",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolveEventCredentials: %v", err)
+	}
+	if clientID != "portal-ticket-normal:pre_open_source" {
+		t.Fatalf("clientID = %q, want portal-ticket-normal:pre_open_source", clientID)
+	}
+	if clientSecret != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("clientSecret = %q, want empty", clientSecret)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveEventCredentials_PortalCustomStillRequiresClientSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(authpkg.EnvClientID, "")
+	t.Setenv(authpkg.EnvClientSecret, "")
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeEventTestAppConfig(t, dir, authpkg.AppConfig{ClientID: "ding-custom"})
+
+	_, _, err := resolveEventCredentials(dir, eventStreamTicketOptions{
+		Mode: source.PortalTicketModeCustom,
+	})
+	if !errors.Is(err, authpkg.ErrClientSecretEmpty) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrClientSecretEmpty", err)
+	}
+}

internal/app/event_personal_command.go

@@ -0,0 +1,845 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"text/tabwriter"
+	"time"
+
+	authpkg "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/auth"
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/busctl"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/consume"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/personal"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/source"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/edition"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+type commonConsumeOptions struct {
+	EventTypes []string
+	Filter     string
+	Compact    bool
+	FormatRaw  string
+	OutputDir  string
+	RoutesRaw  []string
+	MaxEvents  int
+	Duration   time.Duration
+	Quiet      bool
+	Force      bool
+	DryRun     bool
+	Foreground bool
+}
+
+type personalConsumeOptions struct {
+	Common           commonConsumeOptions
+	EventKey         string
+	DebugRawEvents   bool
+	SubscribeID      string
+	Rule             string
+	Name             string
+	FilterJSON       string
+	QueryCSV         string
+	TTL              time.Duration
+	Ephemeral        bool
+	UserID           string
+	GroupID          string
+	ControlBaseURL   string
+	StreamTicketMode string
+	StreamTicketURL  string
+	StreamSourceID   string
+}
+
+type personalListOptions struct {
+	Category       string
+	EnabledOnly    bool
+	IncludePending bool
+	Format         string
+}
+
+type personalStatusOptions struct {
+	EventKey       string
+	Status         string
+	SubscribeID    string
+	Format         string
+	ControlBaseURL string
+	StreamSourceID string
+}
+
+type personalStopOptions struct {
+	SubscribeID    string
+	All            bool
+	ControlBaseURL string
+	StreamSourceID string
+}
+
+type personalStreamSourceOptions struct {
+	ConfigDir        string
+	Identity         personal.Identity
+	TicketMode       string
+	TicketURL        string
+	ClientIDOverride string
+}
+
+func newEventSchemaCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	var asIdentity string
+	var formatRaw string
+	cmd := &cobra.Command{
+		Use:               "schema <event_key>",
+		Short:             "显示事件 schema",
+		Args:              cobra.ExactArgs(1),
+		DisableAutoGenTag: true,
+		RunE: func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			as, err := normalizeEventAs(asIdentity)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if as != "user" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("event schema is only supported with --as user")
+			}
+			def, ok := personal.Lookup(args[0])
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unknown personal event key %q", args[0])
+			}
+			if !def.Public {
+				return personal.PublicAvailabilityError(args[0])
+			}
+			return renderPersonalSchema(c.OutOrStdout(), def, formatRaw)
+		},
+	}
+	cmd.Flags().StringVar(&asIdentity, "as", "user", "事件身份: user")
+	cmd.Flags().StringVarP(&formatRaw, "format", "f", "json", "输出格式: json")
+	hideEventInternalFlags(cmd, "as")
+	return cmd
+}
+
+func runPersonalEventList(c *cobra.Command, opts personalListOptions) error {
+	items := personal.Catalog(opts.Category, opts.EnabledOnly, opts.IncludePending)
+	if opts.Format == "json" {
+		enc := json.NewEncoder(c.OutOrStdout())
+		enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+		return enc.Encode(items)
+	}
+	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(c.OutOrStdout(), 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
+	fmt.Fprintln(tw, "EVENT_KEY\tRULE\tSTATUS\tDESCRIPTION")
+	for _, it := range items {
+		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+			it.EventKey, it.RuleType, it.Status, it.Description)
+	}
+	return tw.Flush()
+}
+
+func renderPersonalSchema(w io.Writer, def personal.Definition, format string) error {
+	format = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(format))
+	if format == "" {
+		format = "json"
+	}
+	if format != "json" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event schema only supports json output")
+	}
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(w)
+	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+	return enc.Encode(personal.BuildSchemaDocument(def))
+}
+
+func runPersonalEventConsume(c *cobra.Command, opts personalConsumeOptions) error {
+	ctx := c.Context()
+	if err := ensurePublicPersonalEvent(opts.EventKey); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	configDir := defaultConfigDir()
+	identity, err := resolvePersonalEventIdentity(ctx, configDir, opts.StreamSourceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event consume --as user: %w", err)
+	}
+	identityHash := dwsevent.IdentityHash(identity.Key())
+	editionName := editionNameOrDefault()
+	workDir := eventWorkDir(configDir, editionName, dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream, identityHash)
+	ipcEndpoint := defaultIPCEndpoint(workDir, editionName, dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream, identityHash)
+
+	routes, err := consume.ParseRoutes(opts.Common.RoutesRaw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event consume --as user: %w", err)
+	}
+	rawFormat := ""
+	if f := c.Flags().Lookup("format"); f != nil && f.Changed {
+		rawFormat = opts.Common.FormatRaw
+	}
+	normalised, fellback := consume.NormalizeFormat(rawFormat)
+	if fellback && !opts.Common.Quiet {
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.ErrOrStderr(), "WARN: --format %q has no meaning for event stream; using ndjson\n", rawFormat)
+	}
+
+	if opts.Common.DryRun {
+		cfg := consume.Config{
+			WorkDir:        workDir,
+			IPCEndpoint:    ipcEndpoint,
+			ClientID:       identity.ClientID,
+			SpawnExtraArgs: personalBusSpawnArgs(identity, opts.StreamTicketMode, personalEventStreamTicketURL(opts.StreamTicketURL, configDir)),
+			Compact:        opts.Common.Compact,
+			MaxEvents:      opts.Common.MaxEvents,
+			Duration:       opts.Common.Duration,
+			Format:         normalised,
+			OutputDir:      opts.Common.OutputDir,
+			Routes:         routes,
+			Stderr:         c.ErrOrStderr(),
+			Quiet:          opts.Common.Quiet,
+			Foreground:     opts.Common.Foreground,
+			Force:          opts.Common.Force,
+			DryRun:         true,
+		}
+		applyPersonalConsumeFilters(&cfg, opts, strings.TrimSpace(opts.SubscribeID), opts.EventKey)
+		return consume.Run(ctx, cfg)
+	}
+
+	client := personal.NewClient(personalEventControlBaseURL(opts.ControlBaseURL, configDir), identity)
+	sub, eventKey, ruleType, err := ensurePersonalSubscription(ctx, client, identity, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event consume --as user: %w", err)
+	}
+	if sub.SubscribeID == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event consume --as user: server returned empty subscribe_id")
+	}
+	if err := personal.UpsertRunState(workDir, personal.RunState{
+		SubscribeID:  sub.SubscribeID,
+		EventKey:     eventKey,
+		RuleType:     ruleType,
+		ClientID:     identity.ClientID,
+		SourceID:     identity.SourceID,
+		IdentityHash: identityHash,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event consume --as user: save run state: %w", err)
+	}
+	cleanup := func() {
+		_ = client.DeleteSubscription(context.Background(), sub.SubscribeID)
+		_ = personal.RemoveRunStates(workDir, []string{sub.SubscribeID})
+	}
+	if opts.Ephemeral {
+		defer cleanup()
+	}
+
+	cfg := consume.Config{
+		WorkDir:        workDir,
+		IPCEndpoint:    ipcEndpoint,
+		ClientID:       identity.ClientID,
+		SpawnExtraArgs: personalBusSpawnArgs(identity, opts.StreamTicketMode, opts.StreamTicketURL),
+		Compact:        opts.Common.Compact,
+		MaxEvents:      opts.Common.MaxEvents,
+		Duration:       opts.Common.Duration,
+		Format:         normalised,
+		OutputDir:      opts.Common.OutputDir,
+		Routes:         routes,
+		Stdout:         c.OutOrStdout(),
+		Stderr:         c.ErrOrStderr(),
+		Quiet:          opts.Common.Quiet,
+		Foreground:     opts.Common.Foreground,
+		Force:          opts.Common.Force,
+	}
+	applyPersonalConsumeFilters(&cfg, opts, sub.SubscribeID, eventKey)
+	if opts.DebugRawEvents && !opts.Common.Quiet {
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.ErrOrStderr(), "debug raw events enabled: local event filters disabled\nworkdir: %s\nbus_log: %s\n",
+			workDir, filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.log"))
+	}
+	if err := consume.ValidateConfig(cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if o := c.Flags().Lookup("output"); o != nil && o.Changed {
+		if err := consume.ValidateNoOutputConflict(cfg, o.Value.String()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	if opts.Common.Foreground {
+		src, err := newPersonalStreamSource(ctx, personalStreamSourceOptions{
+			ConfigDir:  configDir,
+			Identity:   identity,
+			TicketMode: opts.StreamTicketMode,
+			TicketURL:  opts.StreamTicketURL,
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			if !opts.Ephemeral {
+				cleanup()
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		busCfg := bus.Config{
+			WorkDir:      workDir,
+			IPCEndpoint:  ipcEndpoint,
+			ClientID:     identity.ClientID,
+			Edition:      editionName,
+			SourceKind:   dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream,
+			IdentityHash: identityHash,
+			SourceID:     identity.SourceID,
+			Source:       src,
+		}
+		bus.ApplyEnvTuning(&busCfg)
+		err = bus.Run(ctx, busCfg)
+		if err != nil && !opts.Ephemeral {
+			cleanup()
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	err = consume.Run(ctx, cfg)
+	if err != nil && !opts.Ephemeral {
+		cleanup()
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func applyPersonalConsumeFilters(cfg *consume.Config, opts personalConsumeOptions, subscribeID, eventKey string) {
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if opts.DebugRawEvents {
+		cfg.EventTypes = nil
+		cfg.Filter = ""
+		cfg.SubscribeID = ""
+		return
+	}
+	cfg.EventTypes = personalEventTypes(eventKey, opts.Common.EventTypes)
+	cfg.Filter = opts.Common.Filter
+	cfg.SubscribeID = strings.TrimSpace(subscribeID)
+}
+
+func ensurePersonalSubscription(ctx context.Context, client *personal.Client, identity personal.Identity, opts personalConsumeOptions) (*personal.Subscription, string, string, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.SubscribeID) != "" {
+		sub, err := client.GetSubscription(ctx, opts.SubscribeID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, "", "", err
+		}
+		eventKey := firstNonEmptyPersonalString(opts.EventKey, sub.EventKey)
+		if eventKey == "" {
+			return nil, "", "", fmt.Errorf("event_key is required when --subscribe-id lookup returns no event_key")
+		}
+		if err := ensurePublicPersonalEvent(eventKey); err != nil {
+			return nil, "", "", err
+		}
+		ruleType := firstNonEmptyPersonalString(sub.RuleType, opts.Rule)
+		if ruleType == "" {
+			if def, ok := personal.Lookup(eventKey); ok {
+				ruleType = def.RuleType
+			}
+		}
+		sub.SubscribeID = strings.TrimSpace(opts.SubscribeID)
+		return sub, eventKey, ruleType, nil
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(opts.EventKey) == "" {
+		return nil, "", "", fmt.Errorf("event_key is required unless --subscribe-id is provided")
+	}
+	if err := ensurePublicPersonalEvent(opts.EventKey); err != nil {
+		return nil, "", "", err
+	}
+	ruleType, ruleParam, err := personal.BuildRuleParam(opts.EventKey, personal.RuleOptions{
+		RuleType: opts.Rule,
+		UserID:   opts.UserID,
+		GroupID:  opts.GroupID,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", "", err
+	}
+	filter, filterCanonical, err := personal.BuildFilter(opts.FilterJSON, opts.QueryCSV)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", "", err
+	}
+	req := personal.CreateSubscriptionRequest{
+		EventKey:       opts.EventKey,
+		RuleType:       ruleType,
+		Name:           opts.Name,
+		RuleParam:      ruleParam,
+		Filter:         filter,
+		Delivery:       map[string]any{"mode": "stream"},
+		IdempotencyKey: personal.IdempotencyKey(identity, opts.EventKey, ruleType, ruleParam, filterCanonical),
+	}
+	if opts.TTL > 0 {
+		req.TTLSeconds = int64(opts.TTL.Seconds())
+	}
+	sub, err := client.CreateSubscription(ctx, req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, "", "", err
+	}
+	return sub, opts.EventKey, ruleType, nil
+}
+
+func runPersonalEventStatus(c *cobra.Command, opts personalStatusOptions) error {
+	ctx := c.Context()
+	if err := ensurePublicPersonalEvent(opts.EventKey); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	configDir := defaultConfigDir()
+	identity, err := resolvePersonalEventIdentity(ctx, configDir, opts.StreamSourceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event status --as user: %w", err)
+	}
+	identityHash := dwsevent.IdentityHash(identity.Key())
+	editionName := editionNameOrDefault()
+	workDir := eventWorkDir(configDir, editionName, dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream, identityHash)
+	entry := busctl.FindBusByIdentity(configDir, editionName, dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream, identityHash)
+	var qs busctl.EntryStatus
+	if entry != nil {
+		qs = busctl.QueryEntry(*entry)
+	} else {
+		qs = busctl.EntryStatus{Entry: busctl.BusEntry{
+			WorkDir:      workDir,
+			Edition:      editionName,
+			SourceKind:   dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream,
+			ClientIDHash: identityHash,
+			IdentityHash: identityHash,
+			State:        busctl.BusStateNotRunning,
+			Meta: &bus.Meta{
+				ClientID:     identity.ClientID,
+				Edition:      editionName,
+				SourceKind:   dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream,
+				IdentityHash: identityHash,
+				SourceID:     identity.SourceID,
+			},
+		}}
+	}
+	status := opts.Status
+	if status == "" || status == "all" {
+		status = ""
+	}
+	subs, err := personal.NewClient(personalEventControlBaseURL(opts.ControlBaseURL, configDir), identity).ListSubscriptions(ctx, personal.ListOptions{
+		Status:      status,
+		EventKey:    opts.EventKey,
+		SubscribeID: opts.SubscribeID,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event status --as user: %w", err)
+	}
+	if opts.Format == "json" {
+		enc := json.NewEncoder(c.OutOrStdout())
+		enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+		return enc.Encode(map[string]any{
+			"identity":      redactedPersonalIdentity(identity, identityHash),
+			"subscriptions": subs,
+			"bus":           qs,
+		})
+	}
+	renderPersonalStatusText(c.OutOrStdout(), identity, identityHash, subs, qs)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ensurePublicPersonalEvent(eventKey string) error {
+	eventKey = strings.TrimSpace(eventKey)
+	if eventKey == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if def, ok := personal.Lookup(eventKey); ok && !def.Public {
+		return personal.PublicAvailabilityError(eventKey)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func renderPersonalStatusText(w io.Writer, identity personal.Identity, identityHash string, subs []personal.Subscription, qs busctl.EntryStatus) {
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Personal identity: corp=%s user=%s client=%s source=%s hash=%s\n",
+		displayIdentityPart(identity.CorpID), displayIdentityPart(identity.UserID), identity.ClientID, identity.SourceID, identityHash)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Bus: %s", qs.Entry.State)
+	if qs.Entry.HolderPID > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, " pid=%d", qs.Entry.HolderPID)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "\nWorkdir: %s\n", qs.Entry.WorkDir)
+	if len(subs) == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "Subscriptions: none")
+	} else {
+		tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
+		fmt.Fprintln(tw, "SUBSCRIBE_ID\tEVENT_KEY\tRULE\tSTATUS\tSOURCE")
+		for _, sub := range subs {
+			fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n",
+				sub.SubscribeID, sub.EventKey, sub.RuleType, sub.Status, sub.SourceID)
+		}
+		_ = tw.Flush()
+	}
+	renderPersonalConsumers(w, qs)
+}
+
+func renderPersonalConsumers(w io.Writer, qs busctl.EntryStatus) {
+	if qs.Entry.State != busctl.BusStateRunning {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "Consumers: none")
+		return
+	}
+	if qs.Live == nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "Consumers: unavailable (status RPC failed)")
+		return
+	}
+	if len(qs.Live.Consumers) == 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "Consumers: none")
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Consumers:")
+	tw := tabwriter.NewWriter(w, 0, 0, 2, ' ', 0)
+	fmt.Fprintln(tw, "PID\tEVENT_KEYS\tSUBSCRIBE_ID\tFILTER\tRECEIVED\tDROPPED")
+	for _, cs := range qs.Live.Consumers {
+		eventKeys := strings.Join(cs.EventTypes, ",")
+		if eventKeys == "" {
+			eventKeys = "(catch-all)"
+		}
+		subscribeID := displayPersonalStatusValue(cs.SubscribeID)
+		filter := displayPersonalStatusValue(cs.Filter)
+		fmt.Fprintf(tw, "%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+			cs.PID, eventKeys, subscribeID, filter, cs.Received, cs.Dropped)
+	}
+	_ = tw.Flush()
+}
+
+func displayPersonalStatusValue(v string) string {
+	v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	if v == "" {
+		return "-"
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+func runPersonalEventStop(c *cobra.Command, opts personalStopOptions) error {
+	ctx := c.Context()
+	explicitSubscribeID := strings.TrimSpace(opts.SubscribeID)
+	isSingleTarget := explicitSubscribeID != ""
+	if explicitSubscribeID != "" && opts.All {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event stop --as user: subscribe_id and --all are mutually exclusive")
+	}
+	if explicitSubscribeID == "" && !opts.All {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event stop --as user: subscribe_id is required unless --all is set")
+	}
+
+	configDir := defaultConfigDir()
+	identity, err := resolvePersonalEventIdentity(ctx, configDir, opts.StreamSourceID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event stop --as user: %w", err)
+	}
+	identityHash := dwsevent.IdentityHash(identity.Key())
+	editionName := editionNameOrDefault()
+	workDir := eventWorkDir(configDir, editionName, dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream, identityHash)
+	ipcEndpoint := defaultIPCEndpoint(workDir, editionName, dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream, identityHash)
+	subscribeIDs, err := personalStopTargets(workDir, explicitSubscribeID, opts.All)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event stop --as user: %w", err)
+	}
+	client := personal.NewClient(personalEventControlBaseURL(opts.ControlBaseURL, configDir), identity)
+	for _, id := range subscribeIDs {
+		if err := client.DeleteSubscription(ctx, id); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("event stop --as user: cancel subscription %s: %w", id, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := personal.RemoveRunStates(workDir, subscribeIDs); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event stop --as user: update local state: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := interruptPersonalConsumers(ipcEndpoint, subscribeIDs); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(c.ErrOrStderr(), "WARN: failed to stop matching local consume process: %v\n", err)
+	}
+
+	remaining, err := personal.LoadRunStates(workDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("event stop --as user: load remaining local state: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(remaining) > 0 {
+		printPersonalStopResult(c.OutOrStdout(), subscribeIDs, isSingleTarget, "personal bus still running")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	busState := "personal bus stopped"
+	if err := busctl.Stop(busctl.StopConfig{WorkDir: workDir}); err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, busctl.ErrNotRunning) {
+			busState = "personal bus is not running"
+		} else {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	printPersonalStopResult(c.OutOrStdout(), subscribeIDs, isSingleTarget, busState)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func personalStopTargets(workDir, explicit string, all bool) ([]string, error) {
+	explicit = strings.TrimSpace(explicit)
+	if explicit != "" && all {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("subscribe_id and --all are mutually exclusive")
+	}
+	if explicit != "" {
+		return []string{explicit}, nil
+	}
+	if !all {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("subscribe_id is required unless --all is set")
+	}
+	states, err := personal.LoadRunStates(workDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ids := make([]string, 0, len(states))
+	for _, st := range states {
+		if st.SubscribeID != "" {
+			ids = append(ids, st.SubscribeID)
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Strings(ids)
+	return ids, nil
+}
+
+func interruptPersonalConsumers(ipcEndpoint string, subscribeIDs []string) error {
+	targets := make(map[string]struct{}, len(subscribeIDs))
+	for _, id := range subscribeIDs {
+		id = strings.TrimSpace(id)
+		if id != "" {
+			targets[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	if ipcEndpoint == "" || len(targets) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	status, err := busctl.QueryStatus(ipcEndpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	signalled := make(map[int]struct{})
+	for _, consumer := range status.Consumers {
+		if _, ok := targets[strings.TrimSpace(consumer.SubscribeID)]; !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		if consumer.PID <= 0 || consumer.PID == os.Getpid() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if _, ok := signalled[consumer.PID]; ok {
+			continue
+		}
+		proc, err := os.FindProcess(consumer.PID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("find consume pid=%d: %w", consumer.PID, err)
+		}
+		if err := proc.Signal(os.Interrupt); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrProcessDone) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("signal consume pid=%d: %w", consumer.PID, err)
+		}
+		signalled[consumer.PID] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func printPersonalStopResult(w io.Writer, subscribeIDs []string, single bool, busState string) {
+	if single && len(subscribeIDs) == 1 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "cancelled personal subscription %s; %s\n", subscribeIDs[0], busState)
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "cancelled %d personal subscription(s); %s\n", len(subscribeIDs), busState)
+}
+
+func resolvePersonalEventIdentity(ctx context.Context, configDir string, sourceIDOverride string) (personal.Identity, error) {
+	accessToken, err := ResolveAuxiliaryAccessToken(ctx, configDir, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return personal.Identity{}, err
+	}
+	tokenData, _ := authpkg.LoadTokenData(configDir)
+	var corpID, userID, clientID, refreshToken string
+	if tokenData != nil {
+		corpID = tokenData.CorpID
+		userID = tokenData.UserID
+		clientID = tokenData.ClientID
+		refreshToken = tokenData.RefreshToken
+	}
+	if corpID == "" {
+		corpID = resolveRuntimeDefault(ctx, "$corpId")
+	}
+	if userID == "" {
+		userID = resolveRuntimeDefault(ctx, "$currentUserId")
+	}
+	if clientID == "" {
+		clientID = authpkg.ClientID()
+	}
+	if clientID == "" {
+		if id, _, _, _, err := authpkg.ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(configDir); err == nil {
+			clientID = id
+		}
+	}
+	if clientID == "" {
+		return personal.Identity{}, fmt.Errorf("cannot resolve OAuth client_id for personal events")
+	}
+	sourceID := strings.TrimSpace(sourceIDOverride)
+	if sourceID == "" {
+		sourceID = personalEventStreamSourceID("")
+	}
+	localSubject := ""
+	if strings.TrimSpace(corpID) == "" || strings.TrimSpace(userID) == "" {
+		localSubject = personalTokenSubject("refresh", refreshToken)
+		if localSubject == "" {
+			localSubject = personalTokenSubject("access", accessToken)
+		}
+	}
+	return personal.Identity{
+		AccessToken:  accessToken,
+		LocalSubject: localSubject,
+		CorpID:       corpID,
+		UserID:       userID,
+		ClientID:     clientID,
+		SourceID:     sourceID,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func personalTokenSubject(kind, token string) string {
+	token = strings.TrimSpace(token)
+	if token == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(token))
+	return strings.TrimSpace(kind) + ":" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func resolveRuntimeDefault(ctx context.Context, key string) string {
+	if fnMap := edition.Get().RuntimeDefaults; fnMap != nil {
+		if fn := fnMap()[key]; fn != nil {
+			if v, ok := fn(ctx); ok {
+				return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func newPersonalStreamSource(ctx context.Context, opts personalStreamSourceOptions) (*source.PersonalSource, error) {
+	mode := strings.TrimSpace(opts.TicketMode)
+	if mode == "" {
+		mode = "normal"
+	}
+	if mode != "normal" && mode != "custom" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("stream ticket mode must be normal or custom")
+	}
+	ticketURL := strings.TrimSpace(opts.TicketURL)
+	if ticketURL == "" {
+		ticketURL = personalEventStreamTicketURL("", opts.ConfigDir)
+	}
+	clientID := opts.Identity.ClientID
+	clientSecret := ""
+	if mode == "custom" {
+		resolvedID, secret, _, _, err := authpkg.ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(opts.ConfigDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if opts.ClientIDOverride != "" {
+			clientID = opts.ClientIDOverride
+		} else if clientID == "" {
+			clientID = resolvedID
+		}
+		clientSecret = secret
+	}
+	_ = ctx
+	return source.NewPersonal(source.PersonalConfig{
+		AccessToken:  opts.Identity.AccessToken,
+		ClientID:     clientID,
+		ClientSecret: clientSecret,
+		SourceID:     opts.Identity.SourceID,
+		TicketURL:    ticketURL,
+		TicketMode:   mode,
+		HTTPClient:   &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second},
+	})
+}
+
+func personalBusSpawnArgs(identity personal.Identity, ticketMode, ticketURL string) []string {
+	args := []string{
+		"--source-kind", string(dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream),
+		"--stream-source-id", identity.SourceID,
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(ticketMode) != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--stream-ticket-mode", ticketMode)
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(ticketURL) != "" {
+		args = append(args, "--stream-ticket-url", ticketURL)
+	}
+	return args
+}
+
+func personalEventTypes(eventKey string, explicit []string) []string {
+	if len(explicit) > 0 {
+		return explicit
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(eventKey) == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []string{eventKey}
+}
+
+func redactedPersonalIdentity(identity personal.Identity, identityHash string) map[string]string {
+	return map[string]string{
+		"corp_id":       displayIdentityPart(identity.CorpID),
+		"user_id":       displayIdentityPart(identity.UserID),
+		"client_id":     identity.ClientID,
+		"source_id":     identity.SourceID,
+		"identity_hash": identityHash,
+	}
+}
+
+func displayIdentityPart(v string) string {
+	v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	if v == "" {
+		return "unknown"
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+func firstNonEmptyPersonalString(values ...string) string {
+	for _, v := range values {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(v) != "" {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func personalEventControlBaseURL(raw, configDir string) string {
+	if v := strings.TrimSpace(raw); v != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(v, "/")
+	}
+	return personalEventMCPBaseURL(configDir) + personal.DefaultBasePath
+}
+
+func personalEventStreamTicketURL(raw, configDir string) string {
+	if v := strings.TrimSpace(raw); v != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(v, "/")
+	}
+	return personalEventMCPBaseURL(configDir) + "/stream/connections/ticket"
+}
+
+func personalEventStreamSourceID(raw string) string {
+	if v := strings.TrimSpace(raw); v != "" {
+		return v
+	}
+	if v := strings.TrimSpace(edition.PersonalEventSourceID()); v != "" {
+		return v
+	}
+	return "open"
+}
+
+func personalEventMCPBaseURL(configDir string) string {
+	if v := configuredMCPBaseURL(configDir); v != "" {
+		return strings.TrimRight(v, "/")
+	}
+	return config.DefaultMCPBaseURL
+}
+
+func configuredMCPBaseURL(configDir string) string {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(configDir) == "" {
+		configDir = defaultConfigDir()
+	}
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(configDir, "mcp_url"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(string(data))
+}

internal/app/event_personal_debug_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/consume"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/personal"
+)
+
+func TestApplyPersonalConsumeFiltersDebugRawEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := consume.Config{}
+	opts := personalConsumeOptions{
+		DebugRawEvents: true,
+		Common: commonConsumeOptions{
+			EventTypes: []string{"should-not-survive"},
+			Filter:     "^should-not-survive$",
+		},
+	}
+	applyPersonalConsumeFilters(&cfg, opts, "sub-1", "user_im_message_receive_o2o")
+	if cfg.EventTypes != nil || cfg.Filter != "" || cfg.SubscribeID != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("raw debug filters = eventTypes=%#v filter=%q subscribeID=%q, want catch-all", cfg.EventTypes, cfg.Filter, cfg.SubscribeID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyPersonalConsumeFiltersDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := consume.Config{}
+	opts := personalConsumeOptions{Common: commonConsumeOptions{Filter: "^user_im_"}}
+	applyPersonalConsumeFilters(&cfg, opts, "sub-1", "user_im_message_receive_o2o")
+	if len(cfg.EventTypes) != 1 || cfg.EventTypes[0] != "user_im_message_receive_o2o" {
+		t.Fatalf("eventTypes = %#v", cfg.EventTypes)
+	}
+	if cfg.Filter != "^user_im_" || cfg.SubscribeID != "sub-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("filter=%q subscribeID=%q", cfg.Filter, cfg.SubscribeID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventConsumeDebugRawEventsRequiresUserMode(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventConsumeCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "app", "--debug-raw-events"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app event is not publicly available yet") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want public availability guard", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventConsumeAsAppRejectedBeforeEventKeyValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventConsumeCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "app", personal.EventSingleChat})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app event is not publicly available yet") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want public availability guard", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventConsumePersonalParamSpecFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventConsumeCommand()
+	for _, name := range []string{"user", "group", "query"} {
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup(name) == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("flag --%s is not registered", name)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, name := range []string{
+		"peer-user-id",
+		"peer-union-id",
+		"sender-user-id",
+		"sender-union-id",
+		"open-conversation-id",
+		"keyword",
+	} {
+		if cmd.Flags().Lookup(name) != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("retired flag --%s is still registered", name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventConsumeRetiredPersonalFlagsAreUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, name := range []string{
+		"peer-user-id",
+		"peer-union-id",
+		"sender-user-id",
+		"sender-union-id",
+		"open-conversation-id",
+		"keyword",
+	} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newEventConsumeCommand()
+			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+			cmd.SetArgs([]string{personal.EventSingleChat, "--" + name, "x"})
+			err := cmd.Execute()
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unknown flag: --"+name) {
+				t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want unknown flag", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventConsumeAsAppRejectedBeforePersonalParamSpecFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, args := range [][]string{
+		{"--as", "app", "--user", "507971"},
+		{"--as", "app", "--group", "cid"},
+		{"--as", "app", "--query", "报警"},
+	} {
+		cmd := newEventConsumeCommand()
+		cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+		cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+		cmd.SetArgs(args)
+		err := cmd.Execute()
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app event is not publicly available yet") {
+			t.Fatalf("Execute(%v) error = %v, want public availability guard", args, err)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/app/event_personal_identity_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	authpkg "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/auth"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/busctl"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/edition"
+)
+
+func TestResolvePersonalEventIdentityUsesCorpUserWhenAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	configDir := setupPersonalIdentityToken(t, &authpkg.TokenData{
+		AccessToken:  "access-1",
+		RefreshToken: "refresh-1",
+		ExpiresAt:    time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+		RefreshExpAt: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+		CorpID:       "corp-1",
+		UserID:       "user-1",
+		ClientID:     "client-1",
+	})
+
+	identity, err := resolvePersonalEventIdentity(context.Background(), configDir, "pre_open_source")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolvePersonalEventIdentity() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if identity.LocalSubject != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("LocalSubject = %q, want empty when corp/user are available", identity.LocalSubject)
+	}
+	wantKey := "corp_user\x00corp-1\x00user-1\x00client-1\x00pre_open_source"
+	if got := identity.Key(); got != wantKey {
+		t.Fatalf("identity key = %q, want %q", got, wantKey)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolvePersonalEventIdentityFallsBackToRefreshTokenSubject(t *testing.T) {
+	configDir := setupPersonalIdentityToken(t, &authpkg.TokenData{
+		AccessToken:  "access-1",
+		RefreshToken: "refresh-1",
+		ExpiresAt:    time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+		RefreshExpAt: time.Now().Add(24 * time.Hour),
+		ClientID:     "client-1",
+	})
+
+	identity, err := resolvePersonalEventIdentity(context.Background(), configDir, "pre_open_source")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolvePersonalEventIdentity() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	wantSubject := personalTokenSubject("refresh", "refresh-1")
+	if identity.LocalSubject != wantSubject {
+		t.Fatalf("LocalSubject = %q, want %q", identity.LocalSubject, wantSubject)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(identity.Key(), "refresh-1") || strings.Contains(identity.Key(), "access-1") {
+		t.Fatalf("identity key leaked raw token: %q", identity.Key())
+	}
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(redactedPersonalIdentity(identity, "identity-hash-1"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal redacted identity: %v", err)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(string(body), wantSubject) || strings.Contains(string(body), "refresh-1") || strings.Contains(string(body), "access-1") {
+		t.Fatalf("redacted identity leaked local subject/token: %s", string(body))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(body), "unknown") {
+		t.Fatalf("redacted identity should mark missing corp/user as unknown: %s", string(body))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolvePersonalEventIdentityFallsBackToAccessTokenSubject(t *testing.T) {
+	configDir := setupPersonalIdentityToken(t, &authpkg.TokenData{
+		AccessToken: "access-1",
+		ExpiresAt:   time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+		ClientID:    "client-1",
+	})
+
+	identity, err := resolvePersonalEventIdentity(context.Background(), configDir, "pre_open_source")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolvePersonalEventIdentity() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	wantSubject := personalTokenSubject("access", "access-1")
+	if identity.LocalSubject != wantSubject {
+		t.Fatalf("LocalSubject = %q, want %q", identity.LocalSubject, wantSubject)
+	}
+
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	renderPersonalStatusText(&out, identity, "identity-hash-1", nil, busctl.EntryStatus{
+		Entry: busctl.BusEntry{WorkDir: "wd", State: busctl.BusStateNotRunning},
+	})
+	rendered := out.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(rendered, "corp=unknown user=unknown") {
+		t.Fatalf("status output = %q, want unknown corp/user", rendered)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(rendered, wantSubject) || strings.Contains(rendered, "access-1") {
+		t.Fatalf("status output leaked local subject/token: %q", rendered)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolvePersonalEventIdentityDefaultsSourceIDToOpen(t *testing.T) {
+	configDir := setupPersonalIdentityToken(t, &authpkg.TokenData{
+		AccessToken: "access-1",
+		ExpiresAt:   time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+		CorpID:      "corp-1",
+		UserID:      "user-1",
+		ClientID:    "client-1",
+	})
+
+	identity, err := resolvePersonalEventIdentity(context.Background(), configDir, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("resolvePersonalEventIdentity() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if identity.SourceID != "open" {
+		t.Fatalf("SourceID = %q, want open", identity.SourceID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalEventDefaultsUseProductionWithoutMCPConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	t.Setenv("DWS_CONFIG_DIR", dir)
+	prev := edition.Get()
+	edition.Override(&edition.Hooks{})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { edition.Override(prev) })
+
+	if got := personalEventControlBaseURL("", dir); got != "https://mcp.dingtalk.com/dws" {
+		t.Fatalf("personalEventControlBaseURL() = %q, want production control URL", got)
+	}
+	if got := personalEventStreamTicketURL("", dir); got != "https://mcp.dingtalk.com/stream/connections/ticket" {
+		t.Fatalf("personalEventStreamTicketURL() = %q, want production ticket URL", got)
+	}
+	if got := personalEventStreamSourceID(""); got != "open" {
+		t.Fatalf("personalEventStreamSourceID() = %q, want open", got)
+	}
+	if got := config.GetMCPBaseURL(); got != "https://mcp.dingtalk.com" {
+		t.Fatalf("config.GetMCPBaseURL() = %q, want production MCP URL", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalEventDefaultsRespectExplicitAndMCPConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "mcp_url"), []byte("https://custom-mcp.example.com\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write mcp_url: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := personalEventControlBaseURL("", dir); got != "https://custom-mcp.example.com/dws" {
+		t.Fatalf("personalEventControlBaseURL() = %q, want configured control URL", got)
+	}
+	if got := personalEventStreamTicketURL("", dir); got != "https://custom-mcp.example.com/stream/connections/ticket" {
+		t.Fatalf("personalEventStreamTicketURL() = %q, want configured ticket URL", got)
+	}
+	if got := personalEventControlBaseURL(" https://override.example.com/dws/ ", dir); got != "https://override.example.com/dws" {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit control URL = %q, want trimmed override", got)
+	}
+	if got := personalEventStreamTicketURL(" https://override.example.com/ticket/ ", dir); got != "https://override.example.com/ticket" {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit ticket URL = %q, want trimmed override", got)
+	}
+	if got := personalEventStreamSourceID("flag_source"); got != "flag_source" {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit sourceID = %q, want flag_source", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalEventSourceIDPrefersEditionOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	prev := edition.Get()
+	edition.Override(&edition.Hooks{PersonalEventSourceID: "edition_source"})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { edition.Override(prev) })
+
+	if got := personalEventStreamSourceID(""); got != "edition_source" {
+		t.Fatalf("personalEventStreamSourceID() = %q, want edition_source", got)
+	}
+	if got := personalEventStreamSourceID("flag_source"); got != "flag_source" {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit sourceID = %q, want flag_source", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func setupPersonalIdentityToken(t *testing.T, data *authpkg.TokenData) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	configDir := t.TempDir()
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal token data: %v", err)
+	}
+	prev := edition.Get()
+	edition.Override(&edition.Hooks{
+		LoadToken: func(dir string) ([]byte, error) {
+			if filepath.Clean(dir) != filepath.Clean(configDir) {
+				t.Fatalf("LoadToken dir = %q, want %q", dir, configDir)
+			}
+			return raw, nil
+		},
+	})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { edition.Override(prev) })
+	return configDir
+}

internal/app/event_personal_output_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/personal"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func TestPersonalEventListHidesSchemaIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+	}{
+		{name: "table", args: []string{"--as", "user"}},
+		{name: "json", args: []string{"--as", "user", "--format", "json"}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newEventListCommand()
+			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+			var out bytes.Buffer
+			cmd.SetOut(&out)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			got := out.String()
+			assertPersonalOutputHidesSchemaIDs(t, got)
+			if strings.Contains(got, personal.EventFromUser) {
+				t.Fatalf("list output exposed hidden event %s: %s", personal.EventFromUser, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventListDefaultsToUser(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("DWS_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	cmd := newEventListCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.SetOut(&out)
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	got := out.String()
+	if !strings.Contains(got, personal.EventSingleChat) || !strings.Contains(got, "EVENT_KEY") {
+		t.Fatalf("list output = %s, want personal event catalog", got)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(got, personal.EventFromUser) {
+		t.Fatalf("list output exposed hidden event %s: %s", personal.EventFromUser, got)
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(got, "CLIENT_ID") || strings.Contains(got, "ClientSecret") {
+		t.Fatalf("list default appears to use legacy application output: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventPublicHelpHidesAppMode(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		cmd  *cobra.Command
+	}{
+		{name: "consume", cmd: newEventConsumeCommand()},
+		{name: "list", cmd: newEventListCommand()},
+		{name: "schema", cmd: newEventSchemaCommand()},
+		{name: "status", cmd: newEventStatusCommand()},
+		{name: "stop", cmd: newEventStopCommand()},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var out bytes.Buffer
+			tc.cmd.SetOut(&out)
+			tc.cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--help"})
+			if tc.name == "schema" {
+				tc.cmd.SetArgs([]string{personal.EventSingleChat, "--help"})
+			}
+			if err := tc.cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			got := out.String()
+			for _, hidden := range []string{"--as", "user|app", "应用事件" + " Stream"} {
+				if strings.Contains(got, hidden) {
+					t.Fatalf("%s help leaked %q:\n%s", tc.name, hidden, got)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventListAppOnlyFlagsRejectedForPersonalEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventListCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--all"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--all are not supported for personal events") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want unsupported flag validation", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventAsAppRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("DWS_CONFIG_DIR", t.TempDir())
+	for _, cmd := range []*cobra.Command{
+		newEventListCommand(),
+		newEventStatusCommand(),
+		newEventConsumeCommand(),
+		newEventStopCommand(),
+		newEventSchemaCommand(),
+	} {
+		cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+		cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+		cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "app"})
+		if cmd.Use == "schema <event_key>" {
+			cmd.SetArgs([]string{personal.EventSingleChat, "--as", "app"})
+		}
+		err := cmd.Execute()
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app event is not publicly available yet") {
+			t.Fatalf("%s Execute() error = %v, want public availability guard", cmd.Use, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventStatusAppOnlyFlagsRejectedForPersonalEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventStatusCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--all", "--fail-on-orphan"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil ||
+		!strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--all") ||
+		!strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--fail-on-orphan") ||
+		!strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not supported for personal events") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want unsupported flag validation", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalEventSchemaHidesSchemaIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		args []string
+	}{
+		{name: "default", args: []string{personal.EventSingleChat, "--as", "user"}},
+		{name: "json", args: []string{personal.EventSingleChat, "--as", "user", "--format", "json"}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newEventSchemaCommand()
+			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+			var out bytes.Buffer
+			cmd.SetOut(&out)
+			cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			assertPersonalOutputHidesSchemaIDs(t, out.String())
+			if strings.Contains(out.String(), "Schemas") {
+				t.Fatalf("schema output contains Schemas line: %s", out.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalEventSchemaUsesSingleJSONSchema(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, eventKey := range []string{
+		personal.EventMention,
+		personal.EventSingleChat,
+		personal.EventInChat,
+	} {
+		t.Run(eventKey, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cmd := newEventSchemaCommand()
+			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+			var out bytes.Buffer
+			cmd.SetOut(&out)
+			cmd.SetArgs([]string{eventKey})
+			if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			got := out.String()
+			var doc map[string]any
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(out.Bytes(), &doc); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("schema output for %s is not JSON: %v\n%s", eventKey, err, got)
+			}
+			for _, want := range []string{
+				"event_key",
+				"display_name",
+				"description",
+				"category",
+				"rule_type",
+				"required_params",
+				"jq_root_path",
+				"schema",
+				"event_id",
+				"timestamp",
+				"subscribe_id",
+				"content",
+				"sender",
+				"sender_open_dingtalk_id",
+				"conversation_id",
+				"message_id",
+				"create_time",
+				"event_time",
+			} {
+				if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+					t.Fatalf("schema output for %s missing %q: %s", eventKey, want, got)
+				}
+			}
+			for _, leaked := range []string{
+				"message.text",
+				"chat.openConversationId",
+				"sender.userId",
+				"sender.unionId",
+				"auth",
+				"resolved_output_schema",
+				"decoded_data_schema",
+				"filter_schema",
+				"payload_schema",
+				"output_schema",
+				"data_json_path",
+				"headers",
+				"audit",
+				"tenant",
+				"subject",
+				"traceId",
+				"msgIdMetaq",
+				"at_users",
+				"sender_user_id",
+			} {
+				if strings.Contains(got, leaked) {
+					t.Fatalf("schema output for %s leaked %q: %s", eventKey, leaked, got)
+				}
+			}
+			if doc["jq_root_path"] != ".data | fromjson" {
+				t.Fatalf("jq_root_path = %#v, want .data | fromjson", doc["jq_root_path"])
+			}
+			schema, ok := doc["schema"].(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("schema = %#v, want object", doc["schema"])
+			}
+			props, ok := schema["properties"].(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("schema.properties = %#v, want object", schema["properties"])
+			}
+			if _, ok := props["content"].(map[string]any); !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("schema.properties.content = %#v, want object", props["content"])
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventSchemaDefaultsToUser(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventSchemaCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.SetOut(&out)
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{personal.EventSingleChat})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	var doc map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(out.Bytes(), &doc); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("schema output is not JSON: %v\n%s", err, out.String())
+	}
+	if doc["event_key"] != personal.EventSingleChat {
+		t.Fatalf("event_key = %#v, want %s", doc["event_key"], personal.EventSingleChat)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalEventFromUserIsNotPubliclyAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		cmd  *cobra.Command
+		args []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "schema",
+			cmd:  newEventSchemaCommand(),
+			args: []string{personal.EventFromUser},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "consume",
+			cmd:  newEventConsumeCommand(),
+			args: []string{personal.EventFromUser, "--user", "507971", "--dry-run"},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "status",
+			cmd:  newEventStatusCommand(),
+			args: []string{"--event", personal.EventFromUser},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc.cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+			tc.cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+			tc.cmd.SetArgs(tc.args)
+			err := tc.cmd.Execute()
+			if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "event "+personal.EventFromUser+" is not publicly available yet") {
+				t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want not publicly available", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalEventSchemaRejectsTableFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventSchemaCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{personal.EventSingleChat, "--format", "table"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "event schema only supports json output") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want json-only format validation", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventAsBotRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventListCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "bot"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app event is not publicly available yet") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want public availability guard", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func assertPersonalOutputHidesSchemaIDs(t *testing.T, out string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	for _, leaked := range []string{"SCHEMA_IDS", "schema_ids", "im_msg_23", "im_msg_29"} {
+		if strings.Contains(out, leaked) {
+			t.Fatalf("output leaked %q: %s", leaked, out)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/app/event_personal_status_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/busctl"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/personal"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func TestRenderPersonalStatusTextShowsConsumersWithoutSubscriptions(t *testing.T) {
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	renderPersonalStatusText(&out, personal.Identity{
+		CorpID:   "corp-1",
+		UserID:   "user-1",
+		ClientID: "client-1",
+		SourceID: "source-1",
+	}, "identity-hash-1", nil, busctl.EntryStatus{
+		Entry: busctl.BusEntry{
+			WorkDir:   "wd",
+			State:     busctl.BusStateRunning,
+			HolderPID: 100,
+		},
+		Live: &transport.StatusResp{
+			Consumers: []transport.StatusConsumer{
+				{
+					PID:         12345,
+					EventTypes:  []string{"user_im_message_receive_o2o"},
+					SubscribeID: "subId-1",
+					Filter:      "content",
+					Received:    3,
+					Dropped:     1,
+				},
+				{
+					PID:      12346,
+					Received: 5,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	got := out.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"Subscriptions: none",
+		"Consumers:",
+		"PID",
+		"EVENT_KEYS",
+		"SUBSCRIBE_ID",
+		"RECEIVED",
+		"DROPPED",
+		"12345",
+		"user_im_message_receive_o2o",
+		"subId-1",
+		"content",
+		"3",
+		"1",
+		"(catch-all)",
+		"-",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("status output missing %q:\n%s", want, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRenderPersonalStatusTextConsumersUnavailableWhenRPCFails(t *testing.T) {
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	renderPersonalStatusText(&out, personal.Identity{ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "source-1"}, "identity-hash-1", nil, busctl.EntryStatus{
+		Entry: busctl.BusEntry{
+			WorkDir:   "wd",
+			State:     busctl.BusStateRunning,
+			HolderPID: 100,
+		},
+	})
+	if got := out.String(); !strings.Contains(got, "Consumers: unavailable (status RPC failed)") {
+		t.Fatalf("status output = %q, want unavailable consumers", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRenderPersonalStatusTextConsumersNoneWhenBusNotRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	renderPersonalStatusText(&out, personal.Identity{ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "source-1"}, "identity-hash-1", nil, busctl.EntryStatus{
+		Entry: busctl.BusEntry{
+			WorkDir: "wd",
+			State:   busctl.BusStateNotRunning,
+		},
+	})
+	if got := out.String(); !strings.Contains(got, "Consumers: none") {
+		t.Fatalf("status output = %q, want no consumers", got)
+	}
+}

internal/app/event_stop_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package app
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/personal"
+)
+
+func TestEventStopHelpDescribesPersonalSubscription(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventStopCommand()
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	cmd.SetOut(&out)
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--help"})
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	got := out.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"stop [subscribe_id]",
+		"取消个人事件订阅并停止本地消费",
+		"取消个人事件订阅并停止本地消费，清理对应本地消费状态",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(got, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("help missing %q:\n%s", want, got)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, stale := range []string{"优雅停止 bus 守护进程", strings.Join([]string{"--as", "app"}, " "), "应用事件"} {
+		if strings.Contains(got, stale) {
+			t.Fatalf("help still contains stale public app wording %q:\n%s", stale, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventStopRequiresSubscribeIDOrAll(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventStopCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "subscribe_id is required unless --all is set") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want subscribe_id requirement", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventStopSubscribeIDAndAllAreMutuallyExclusive(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventStopCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"subId-1", "--all"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "subscribe_id and --all are mutually exclusive") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want mutual exclusion", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventStopAsAppRejectsSubscribeID(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := newEventStopCommand()
+	cmd.SilenceUsage = true
+	cmd.SilenceErrors = true
+	cmd.SetArgs([]string{"--as", "app", "subId-1"})
+	err := cmd.Execute()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "app event is not publicly available yet") {
+		t.Fatalf("Execute() error = %v, want public availability guard", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalStopTargets(t *testing.T) {
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := personal.UpsertRunState(workDir, personal.RunState{SubscribeID: "sub-b"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UpsertRunState() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := personal.UpsertRunState(workDir, personal.RunState{SubscribeID: "sub-a"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("UpsertRunState() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := personalStopTargets(workDir, "sub-explicit", false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("personalStopTargets(explicit) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if want := []string{"sub-explicit"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("explicit targets = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	got, err = personalStopTargets(workDir, "", true)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("personalStopTargets(all) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if want := []string{"sub-a", "sub-b"}; !reflect.DeepEqual(got, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("all targets = %#v, want %#v", got, want)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := personalStopTargets(workDir, "", false); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "subscribe_id is required unless --all is set") {
+		t.Fatalf("personalStopTargets(no target) error = %v, want required error", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := personalStopTargets(workDir, "sub-explicit", true); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "mutually exclusive") {
+		t.Fatalf("personalStopTargets(explicit+all) error = %v, want mutual exclusion", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrintPersonalStopResult(t *testing.T) {
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	printPersonalStopResult(&out, []string{"sub-1"}, true, "personal bus stopped")
+	if got := out.String(); got != "cancelled personal subscription sub-1; personal bus stopped\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("single output = %q", got)
+	}
+
+	out.Reset()
+	printPersonalStopResult(&out, []string{"sub-1", "sub-2"}, false, "personal bus still running")
+	if got := out.String(); got != "cancelled 2 personal subscription(s); personal bus still running\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("multi output = %q", got)
+	}
+}

internal/app/root.go

@@ -356,6 +356,7 @@ func NewRootCommandWithEngine(rootCtx context.Context, engine *pipeline.Engine)
 		newCatalogCommand(loader),
 		newConfigCommand(),
 		newDoctorCommand(),
+		newEventCommand(),
 		newCompletionCommand(root),
 		newRecoveryCommand(rootCtx, loader, flags),
 		newUpgradeCommand(),

internal/app/skill_setup.go

@@ -216,8 +216,7 @@ func normalizeMultiSkillName(name string) string {
 	return multiSkillPrefix + n
 }
 
-// filterMultiSkillNames narrows `all` by include / exclude lists.
-// Semantics mirror lark-cli's `npx skills add -s lark-calendar`:
+// filterMultiSkillNames narrows `all` by include / exclude lists:
 //
 //   - include + exclude are mutually exclusive (both → error)
 //   - names accept short or full form; normalized before matching

internal/app/skill_setup_test.go

@@ -445,8 +445,7 @@ func TestFilterMultiSkillNames(t *testing.T) {
 
 // TestSkillSetupMultiAdditivePreservesSiblings verifies the key UX promise of
 // `dws skill setup --mode multi -s aitable`: installing a subset must NOT
-// touch already-installed dingtalk-* siblings (additive semantics, matches
-// lark-cli `npx skills add -s lark-calendar`).
+// touch already-installed dingtalk-* siblings (additive semantics).
 func TestSkillSetupMultiAdditivePreservesSiblings(t *testing.T) {
 	src := writeMultiSkillSource(t, []string{
 		"dingtalk-aitable", "dingtalk-calendar", "dingtalk-doc",

internal/auth/app_config_strict.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// CredentialSource identifies where a particular credential field
+// (ClientID or ClientSecret) was loaded from. It is exposed in
+// `dws event status` and the HelloAck IPC frame so users can verify which
+// credential channel is actually in use — important because env vars,
+// keychain, and config file can all coexist and silently override each
+// other (see plan §1 决策 "凭证来源拆字段").
+type CredentialSource string
+
+const (
+	CredentialSourceUnknown     CredentialSource = "unknown"
+	CredentialSourceEnv         CredentialSource = "env"
+	CredentialSourceAppConfig   CredentialSource = "app_config"   // value pulled from app config (plain or SecretRef metadata)
+	CredentialSourceKeychain    CredentialSource = "keychain"     // SecretRef resolved through OS keychain
+	CredentialSourcePlainConfig CredentialSource = "plain_config" // SecretInput stored as plaintext in config file (insecure but supported)
+)
+
+// Strict resolver error sentinels. Use errors.Is to distinguish failure
+// modes; see plan §8 strict resolver decision (4 classes).
+var (
+	// ErrAppConfigMissing — no app config file on disk AND no env-var
+	// credentials present. Prompt the user to either `dws config init` or
+	// set DWS_CLIENT_ID + DWS_CLIENT_SECRET.
+	ErrAppConfigMissing = errors.New("app config missing: run `dws config init` or set DWS_CLIENT_ID/DWS_CLIENT_SECRET env vars")
+	// ErrClientIDEmpty — neither env nor config supplies a non-empty ClientID.
+	ErrClientIDEmpty = errors.New("ClientID is empty")
+	// ErrClientSecretEmpty — there's a ClientID but ClientSecret resolved to "".
+	ErrClientSecretEmpty = errors.New("ClientSecret is empty")
+	// ErrSecretResolve — the secret-resolution backend (keychain) failed
+	// unrecoverably. Typically headless Linux without gnome-keyring, locked
+	// macOS keychain, or CI sandboxes. Suggest the env-var fallback.
+	ErrSecretResolve = errors.New("ClientSecret resolution failed (keychain unavailable?); try DWS_CLIENT_ID/DWS_CLIENT_SECRET env vars")
+)
+
+// Env var names used by the env fallback channel. Must be set as a pair —
+// any single-variable configuration is rejected so users cannot accidentally
+// "set the env half-way" and silently fall back to keychain.
+const (
+	EnvClientID     = "DWS_CLIENT_ID"
+	EnvClientSecret = "DWS_CLIENT_SECRET"
+)
+
+// ResolveAppCredentialsStrict is the credentials channel used by the event
+// subsystem (and by future commands that need fine-grained failure
+// reporting). It distinguishes 4 failure classes and reports the source of
+// each successfully-resolved field separately.
+//
+// Resolution order:
+//  1. Env var override: if BOTH DWS_CLIENT_ID and DWS_CLIENT_SECRET are
+//     set non-empty, use them as a pair and skip keychain/config entirely.
+//     Single-variable configuration is detected and reported via the
+//     EnvHalfSet flag in the warning channel (callers MAY log a warning).
+//  2. App config from disk:
+//     - ClientID from cfg.ClientID
+//     - ClientSecret from ResolveSecret(cfg.ClientSecret):
+//     - SecretInput.IsPlain() → CredentialSourcePlainConfig
+//     - SecretRef → CredentialSourceKeychain (or whatever Ref.Source says)
+//
+// Empty returns: clientID and secret may be empty when err is non-nil;
+// callers must NOT use them in that case.
+func ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(configDir string) (
+	clientID, secret string,
+	clientIDSource, secretSource CredentialSource,
+	err error,
+) {
+	// Step 1: env var fallback (atomic pair)
+	envID := os.Getenv(EnvClientID)
+	envSecret := os.Getenv(EnvClientSecret)
+	if envID != "" && envSecret != "" {
+		return envID, envSecret, CredentialSourceEnv, CredentialSourceEnv, nil
+	}
+	// Note: if only one of the two is set we explicitly do NOT use it.
+	// The half-set warning is surfaced via EnvHalfSet() so the CLI can
+	// stderr-warn the user during preflight.
+
+	// Step 2: app config from disk
+	cfg, loadErr := LoadAppConfig(configDir)
+	if loadErr != nil {
+		return "", "", CredentialSourceUnknown, CredentialSourceUnknown,
+			fmt.Errorf("load app config: %w", loadErr)
+	}
+	if cfg == nil {
+		return "", "", CredentialSourceUnknown, CredentialSourceUnknown, ErrAppConfigMissing
+	}
+
+	if cfg.ClientID == "" {
+		return "", "", CredentialSourceUnknown, CredentialSourceUnknown, ErrClientIDEmpty
+	}
+	clientID = cfg.ClientID
+	clientIDSource = CredentialSourceAppConfig
+
+	// Resolve secret. Source depends on the SecretInput shape:
+	// - IsPlain (no Ref) → it's stored as plaintext in the config file
+	// - has Ref → it's a SecretRef pointing at keychain/file
+	wasPlain := cfg.ClientSecret.IsPlain()
+	resolved, resolveErr := ResolveSecret(cfg.ClientSecret)
+	if resolveErr != nil {
+		return "", "", CredentialSourceUnknown, CredentialSourceUnknown,
+			fmt.Errorf("%w: %v", ErrSecretResolve, resolveErr)
+	}
+	if resolved == "" {
+		return "", "", clientIDSource, CredentialSourceUnknown, ErrClientSecretEmpty
+	}
+
+	secret = resolved
+	if wasPlain {
+		secretSource = CredentialSourcePlainConfig
+	} else {
+		// For SecretRef we map Source verbatim (keychain / file / future)
+		switch cfg.ClientSecret.Ref.Source {
+		case "keychain":
+			secretSource = CredentialSourceKeychain
+		default:
+			// File-backed secrets share the "plain_config" category from
+			// the consumer's perspective: stored as readable bytes outside
+			// keychain. Status output renders them as "plain_config" so
+			// users see "secret is not in keychain".
+			secretSource = CredentialSourcePlainConfig
+		}
+	}
+
+	return clientID, secret, clientIDSource, secretSource, nil
+}
+
+// EnvHalfSet reports whether exactly one of (DWS_CLIENT_ID, DWS_CLIENT_SECRET)
+// is set. Used by CLI preflight to emit a clear stderr warning of the form:
+//
+//	WARN: DWS_CLIENT_ID is set but DWS_CLIENT_SECRET is not — env fallback
+//	      disabled; using keychain/app config. Set both or unset both to
+//	      avoid this warning.
+//
+// The strict resolver itself does NOT log; logging is the caller's job.
+func EnvHalfSet() bool {
+	id := os.Getenv(EnvClientID) != ""
+	secret := os.Getenv(EnvClientSecret) != ""
+	return id != secret
+}

internal/auth/app_config_strict_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// resetStrictResolverState clears caches the strict resolver shares with
+// the existing legacy resolver. Tests must call this between scenarios
+// because GetCachedAppConfig and the resolved-credential cache outlive
+// individual t.TempDir setups.
+func resetStrictResolverState(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	cachedAppConfigMu.Lock()
+	cachedAppConfig = nil
+	cachedAppConfigMu.Unlock()
+	cachedResolvedMu.Lock()
+	cachedResolvedValid = false
+	cachedResolvedID = ""
+	cachedResolvedSecret = ""
+	cachedResolvedMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// writeAppConfig drops a config JSON into dir. clientSecret == "" produces
+// the legacy "no SecretInput field" shape (treated as empty).
+func writeAppConfig(t *testing.T, dir, clientID, clientSecret string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg := AppConfig{
+		ClientID:  clientID,
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	}
+	if clientSecret != "" {
+		cfg.ClientSecret = PlainSecret(clientSecret)
+	}
+	path := GetAppConfigPath(dir)
+	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(cfg, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, b, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func unsetEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	t.Setenv(EnvClientID, "")
+	t.Setenv(EnvClientSecret, "")
+	_ = os.Unsetenv(EnvClientID)
+	_ = os.Unsetenv(EnvClientSecret)
+}
+
+func TestResolveStrict_AppConfigMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	resetStrictResolverState(t)
+	unsetEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	_, _, _, _, err := ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(dir)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrAppConfigMissing) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrAppConfigMissing", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveStrict_ClientIDEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	resetStrictResolverState(t)
+	unsetEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeAppConfig(t, dir, "", "some-secret")
+
+	_, _, _, _, err := ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(dir)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrClientIDEmpty) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrClientIDEmpty", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveStrict_ClientSecretEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	resetStrictResolverState(t)
+	unsetEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeAppConfig(t, dir, "ding_abc", "")
+
+	_, _, _, _, err := ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(dir)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrClientSecretEmpty) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrClientSecretEmpty", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveStrict_PlainConfigSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	resetStrictResolverState(t)
+	unsetEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	writeAppConfig(t, dir, "ding_abc", "supersecret123")
+
+	id, secret, idSrc, secretSrc, err := ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+	}
+	if id != "ding_abc" {
+		t.Errorf("id = %q", id)
+	}
+	if secret != "supersecret123" {
+		t.Errorf("secret = %q", secret)
+	}
+	if idSrc != CredentialSourceAppConfig {
+		t.Errorf("idSrc = %s, want app_config", idSrc)
+	}
+	if secretSrc != CredentialSourcePlainConfig {
+		t.Errorf("secretSrc = %s, want plain_config (PlainSecret was used)", secretSrc)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveStrict_SecretRefFileSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	resetStrictResolverState(t)
+	unsetEnv(t)
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	// Write secret file
+	secretPath := filepath.Join(dir, "secret.txt")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(secretPath, []byte("via-file-secret\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Write app config with file SecretRef
+	cfg := AppConfig{
+		ClientID: "ding_abc",
+		ClientSecret: SecretInput{
+			Ref: &SecretRef{Source: "file", ID: secretPath},
+		},
+		CreatedAt: time.Now(),
+	}
+	b, _ := json.MarshalIndent(cfg, "", "  ")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(GetAppConfigPath(dir), b, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	id, secret, idSrc, secretSrc, err := ResolveAppCredentialsStrict(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected err: %v", err)
+	}
+	if id != "ding_abc" || secret != "via-file-secret" {
+		t.Errorf("id/secret = %q/%q", id, secret)
+	}
+	if idSrc != CredentialSourceAppConfig {
+		t.Errorf("idSrc = %s", idSrc)
+	}
+	// File-backed secrets are reported as plain_config (not in keychain).
+	if secretSrc != CredentialSourcePlainConfig {
+		t.Errorf("secretSrc = %s, want plain_config for file-backed secret", secretSrc)
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/daemon.go

@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/dedup"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+)
+
+// SourceAdapter is the interface daemon.go uses to talk to the cloud Source
+// (in practice internal/event/source.DingtalkSource). Kept abstract so the
+// bus daemon can be tested without spinning up the real Stream SDK; the
+// integration test substitutes a fake.
+type SourceAdapter interface {
+	// Start opens the cloud connection and blocks until ctx is cancelled
+	// or a fatal error occurs. emit is called for each incoming event.
+	Start(ctx context.Context, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) error
+}
+
+// Config bundles everything Run needs to start a daemon. All paths and
+// identifiers come from busctl/Source so the bus itself stays oblivious
+// to ConfigDir / edition rules.
+type Config struct {
+	// WorkDir is the bus working directory:
+	//   <ConfigDir>/events/<edition>/<source_kind>/<identity_hash>/
+	// The caller MUST mkdir this with pkg/config.DirPerm before calling Run.
+	WorkDir string
+
+	// IPCEndpoint is the Unix socket path or Windows pipe name. Caller
+	// computes this from WorkDir (Unix) or edition/clientIDHash (Windows).
+	IPCEndpoint string
+
+	// ClientID is the human-readable identifier written into bus.meta and
+	// status output. NOT used in any path.
+	ClientID string
+
+	// SourceKind/IdentityHash/SourceID are diagnostic identity fields used by
+	// list/status. Empty SourceKind is interpreted as app_stream for backward
+	// compatibility.
+	SourceKind   dwsevent.SourceKind
+	IdentityHash string
+	SourceID     string
+
+	// Edition is written into bus.meta. Comes from edition.Get().Name with
+	// "open" fallback applied by the caller.
+	Edition string
+
+	// SDKVersion is recorded in bus.meta for diagnostics.
+	SDKVersion string
+
+	// Source is the cloud adapter. Required.
+	Source SourceAdapter
+
+	// IdleTimeout: bus self-exits after this long with zero consumers.
+	// Zero disables (bus runs until SIGTERM).
+	IdleTimeout time.Duration
+
+	// ConsumerBuffer overrides per-consumer sendCh capacity. Zero uses
+	// DefaultSendBuffer.
+	ConsumerBuffer int
+
+	// DedupCapacity overrides event_id LRU size. Zero uses dedup.DefaultCapacity.
+	DedupCapacity int
+
+	// DropWarnPercent is the per-event-type drop-rate threshold (whole
+	// percentage points) that triggers a slog WARN in bus.log. Zero or
+	// out-of-range values fall back to DefaultDropWarnPercent. Overridable
+	// via env DWS_EVENT_DROP_WARN_PCT (read by the cobra layer).
+	DropWarnPercent int
+
+	// ReadyPipe receives a single byte ('R' on success, 'E' on failure)
+	// once the bus has either come up or failed startup, so the parent
+	// process forked by busctl/spawn can stop polling and either dial or
+	// surface the error. nil disables (foreground mode).
+	ReadyPipe *os.File
+
+	// Logger sink. Nil → slog.Default.
+	Logger *slog.Logger
+}
+
+// Run starts the bus daemon. Lifecycle (plan §4 invariant #6):
+//  1. Acquire bus.lock (single-instance enforcement)
+//  2. Write bus.meta
+//  3. Listen IPC (so consumers can connect before SDK starts pushing)
+//  4. Signal readiness via ReadyPipe
+//  5. Start the Source (cloud SDK); concurrent with consumer accept loop
+//  6. Wait on ctx for shutdown signal
+//  7. Graceful: broadcast Bye → close listener → close source → release lock
+//
+// Run blocks until ctx is cancelled, the Source returns an error, or a fatal
+// startup error occurs.
+func Run(ctx context.Context, cfg Config) error {
+	if cfg.Source == nil {
+		return errors.New("bus: Source is required")
+	}
+	if cfg.Logger == nil {
+		cfg.Logger = slog.Default()
+	}
+	log := cfg.Logger.With("component", "bus", "client_id", cfg.ClientID, "edition", cfg.Edition)
+
+	// 1. Acquire bus.lock
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(cfg.WorkDir, config.DirPerm); err != nil {
+		return failReady(cfg.ReadyPipe, fmt.Errorf("bus: mkdir workdir: %w", err))
+	}
+	lockPath := filepath.Join(cfg.WorkDir, LockFileName)
+	lock, err := Acquire(lockPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return failReady(cfg.ReadyPipe, fmt.Errorf("bus: acquire lock: %w", err))
+	}
+	defer lock.Close()
+
+	// 2. Write bus.meta
+	meta := Meta{
+		ClientID:     cfg.ClientID,
+		Edition:      cfg.Edition,
+		SourceKind:   cfg.SourceKind,
+		IdentityHash: cfg.IdentityHash,
+		SourceID:     cfg.SourceID,
+		StartedAt:    time.Now().UTC(),
+		SDKVersion:   cfg.SDKVersion,
+		BusPID:       os.Getpid(),
+	}
+	if err := WriteMeta(cfg.WorkDir, meta); err != nil {
+		return failReady(cfg.ReadyPipe, fmt.Errorf("bus: write meta: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	// 3. IPC listen
+	listener, err := transport.Listen(cfg.IPCEndpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return failReady(cfg.ReadyPipe, fmt.Errorf("bus: ipc listen: %w", err))
+	}
+	defer listener.Close()
+
+	hub := NewHub(cfg.ConsumerBuffer)
+	dd := dedup.NewWithCapacity(cfg.DedupCapacity)
+
+	d := &daemon{
+		cfg:      cfg,
+		log:      log,
+		lock:     lock,
+		listener: listener,
+		hub:      hub,
+		dedup:    dd,
+		started:  time.Now().UTC(),
+		idleStop: make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	// 4. Signal ready BEFORE accepting consumers (avoids a slow-fork
+	// scenario where the parent thinks bus is dead but it's actually mid-
+	// startup). Source.Start hasn't yet pulled events from the cloud, but
+	// any consumer that connects gets queued for the first events.
+	signalReady(cfg.ReadyPipe)
+
+	// runCtx is a child of the caller's ctx that ALL background goroutines
+	// (acceptLoop / idleWatch / dropWarnWatcher / source.Start) listen on.
+	// On idle-timeout shutdown the parent ctx is never cancelled, so we
+	// cancel runCtx ourselves before waiting for the goroutines — otherwise
+	// dropWarnWatcher (which only exits on ctx.Done) hangs forever.
+	runCtx, cancelRun := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer cancelRun()
+
+	// 5. Start accept loop and Source concurrently. runCtx cancellation
+	// propagates to both.
+	acceptDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(acceptDone)
+		d.acceptLoop(runCtx)
+	}()
+
+	idleDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(idleDone)
+		d.idleWatch(runCtx)
+	}()
+
+	// Drop-rate WARN: per-event-type back-pressure monitoring. Runs in
+	// the background until runCtx cancellation; emits one WARN per scan
+	// when a type's drop rate first crosses the threshold (hysteresis
+	// suppresses repeats unless the rate jumps further).
+	dropWarnDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(dropWarnDone)
+		dropWarnWatcher(runCtx, hub.Counters(), log, cfg.DropWarnPercent)
+	}()
+
+	srcErr := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		// emit is called from inside the SDK callback goroutine. It MUST
+		// NOT block (plan invariant #1) — dedup + Hub.Deliver are both
+		// non-blocking by construction.
+		emit := func(raw *dwsevent.RawEvent) {
+			if raw == nil {
+				return
+			}
+			if dd.Seen(raw.DedupKey()) {
+				return // duplicate redelivery from the cloud
+			}
+			hub.Deliver(raw)
+		}
+		srcErr <- cfg.Source.Start(runCtx, emit)
+	}()
+
+	// 6. Wait for shutdown trigger.
+	var exitErr error
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		log.Info("bus: shutdown requested by ctx", "reason", ctx.Err())
+	case err := <-srcErr:
+		log.Error("bus: source exited", "err", err)
+		exitErr = err
+	case <-d.idleStop:
+		log.Info("bus: idle timeout reached, shutting down")
+	}
+
+	// 7. Graceful shutdown — cancel runCtx first so all background
+	// goroutines wake up, then close listener / drain consumers.
+	cancelRun()
+	d.shutdown()
+	<-acceptDone
+	<-idleDone
+	<-dropWarnDone
+
+	return exitErr
+}
+
+// daemon is the in-memory state of one bus run. Lifetime equals one Run() call.
+type daemon struct {
+	cfg      Config
+	log      *slog.Logger
+	lock     *Lock
+	listener transport.Listener
+	hub      *Hub
+	dedup    *dedup.LRU
+	started  time.Time
+
+	consumerWG   sync.WaitGroup // tracks live connection handler goroutines
+	conns        sync.Map       // map[net.Conn]struct{} for forced shutdown close
+	shutdownMu   sync.Mutex
+	shuttingDown atomic.Bool
+	idleStop     chan struct{}
+}
+
+// acceptLoop drives the IPC accept goroutine. Each accepted connection is
+// passed to handleConnection in its own goroutine; the accept loop returns
+// when the listener Close()s (typically during shutdown).
+func (d *daemon) acceptLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	for {
+		conn, err := d.listener.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			if d.shuttingDown.Load() {
+				return
+			}
+			// Transient errors: log + continue. Non-transient (listener
+			// closed) shows up as net.ErrClosed → also a clean exit.
+			if errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+				return
+			}
+			d.log.Warn("bus: accept error", "err", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		d.consumerWG.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer d.consumerWG.Done()
+			d.handleConnection(ctx, conn)
+		}()
+	}
+}
+
+// handleConnection processes one IPC connection's full lifecycle: read
+// Hello → register with Hub → spawn writer goroutine → read until EOF/Bye.
+// Always Unregisters and Closes on exit (plan invariant #5).
+func (d *daemon) handleConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
+	d.conns.Store(conn, struct{}{})
+	defer func() {
+		d.conns.Delete(conn)
+		conn.Close()
+	}()
+
+	r := transport.NewReader(conn)
+	w := transport.NewWriter(conn)
+
+	// Expect Hello first.
+	var hello transport.Hello
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&hello); err != nil {
+		d.log.Warn("bus: hello read failed", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if hello.Type != transport.FrameTypeHello {
+		d.log.Warn("bus: first frame not hello", "type", hello.Type)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Ad-hoc tooling (status/list/stop) — short-lived RPC, no Hub register.
+	if hello.Role == transport.HelloRoleStatus {
+		d.handleStatusRPC(w, r)
+		return
+	}
+	if hello.Role == transport.HelloRoleStop {
+		// Signal shutdown by cancelling our parent ctx via shutdown().
+		// For now, return after acking — daemon.shutdown is wired through
+		// daemon's exit path (the busctl/stop command sends SIGTERM in
+		// addition to this RPC for v1).
+		_ = w.WriteJSON(transport.Bye{Type: transport.FrameTypeBye, Reason: "stop_request"})
+		go d.triggerShutdown("stop_request")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Regular consumer registration
+	c, err := d.hub.Register(hello)
+	if err != nil {
+		d.log.Warn("bus: register failed", "err", err, "pid", hello.ConsumerPID)
+		_ = w.WriteJSON(transport.Bye{Type: transport.FrameTypeBye, Reason: "register_failed: " + err.Error()})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// HelloAck — credentials_source fields are filled in by the daemon
+	// runner (which knows from the strict resolver) and exposed via the
+	// adapter for forward-compat. v1 leaves them empty here; daemon.Run
+	// passes them through future config if the caller wishes.
+	idleSecs := int(d.cfg.IdleTimeout / time.Second)
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(transport.HelloAck{
+		Type:            transport.FrameTypeHelloAck,
+		BusPID:          os.Getpid(),
+		SourceState:     "connected", // best-effort; full state machine pushed via SourceState frames
+		StateSource:     "inferred",
+		IdleTimeoutSecs: idleSecs,
+	}); err != nil {
+		d.log.Warn("bus: helloack write failed", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Writer goroutine pulls from SendCh and writes to the wire.
+	writerDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(writerDone)
+		for frame := range c.SendCh {
+			if err := w.WriteJSON(frame); err != nil {
+				// Wire error: peer dead. Returning here will let the
+				// reader goroutine notice EOF and Unregister.
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Reader loop: wait for Bye or EOF. Both trigger Unregister.
+	for {
+		raw, err := r.Read()
+		if err != nil {
+			if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				d.log.Debug("bus: consumer read error", "pid", c.PID, "err", err)
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		typ, err := transport.PeekType(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		if typ == transport.FrameTypeBye {
+			break
+		}
+		// Heartbeat / future client→bus frames: ignored for v1.
+	}
+	// Order matters: Unregister first (closes SendCh), then wait for the
+	// writer goroutine to drain. The reverse order would deadlock because
+	// the writer loops on `range SendCh` until close, but only the Hub
+	// can close that channel via Unregister.
+	d.hub.Unregister(c.ID)
+	<-writerDone
+	_ = ctx // for future use (writer ctx-cancel propagation)
+}
+
+// handleStatusRPC services a single status_req and returns. The connection
+// is closed by the caller's defer.
+func (d *daemon) handleStatusRPC(w *transport.Writer, r *transport.Reader) {
+	var req transport.StatusReq
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	resp := transport.StatusResp{
+		Type: transport.FrameTypeStatusResp,
+		Bus: transport.StatusBus{
+			PID:            os.Getpid(),
+			UptimeSecs:     int64(time.Since(d.started).Seconds()),
+			IdleTimeoutSec: int(d.cfg.IdleTimeout / time.Second),
+			ClientID:       d.cfg.ClientID,
+			Edition:        d.cfg.Edition,
+			SourceKind:     d.cfg.SourceKind,
+			IdentityHash:   d.cfg.IdentityHash,
+			SourceID:       d.cfg.SourceID,
+		},
+		SourceState: transport.StatusSource{
+			State:  "connected", // v1: source state plumbed in P3+
+			Source: "inferred",
+		},
+		Consumers:            d.hub.Snapshot(),
+		PerEventTypeCounters: d.hub.Counters().Snapshot(),
+	}
+	_ = w.WriteJSON(resp)
+}
+
+// idleWatch fires d.idleStop when IdleTimeout passes with zero registered
+// consumers. Disabled when IdleTimeout <= 0 (returns immediately; idleStop
+// is then never closed and Run's select branch on it is effectively dead).
+//
+// Pre-condition: d.idleStop has already been allocated by Run so the parent
+// select never races on a nil channel (which would block forever).
+func (d *daemon) idleWatch(ctx context.Context) {
+	if d.cfg.IdleTimeout <= 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	tick := time.NewTicker(d.cfg.IdleTimeout / 4)
+	defer tick.Stop()
+	emptySince := time.Time{}
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-tick.C:
+			if d.hub.Len() == 0 {
+				if emptySince.IsZero() {
+					emptySince = time.Now()
+				} else if time.Since(emptySince) >= d.cfg.IdleTimeout {
+					close(d.idleStop)
+					return
+				}
+			} else {
+				emptySince = time.Time{}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// triggerShutdown is called from RPC handlers that want to end the bus.
+// It works by closing the listener (which unblocks Run's select via the
+// source error path, indirectly). For v1 a full ctx-cancellation hook is
+// out of scope; busctl/stop also sends SIGTERM which is the authoritative
+// shutdown path.
+func (d *daemon) triggerShutdown(reason string) {
+	d.log.Info("bus: shutdown triggered via IPC", "reason", reason)
+	_ = d.listener.Close() // unblocks Accept(), but doesn't kill Source
+	// Best-effort: a future version wires a context.CancelFunc here.
+}
+
+// shutdown performs the graceful tear-down sequence:
+//  1. mark shuttingDown so acceptLoop exits cleanly
+//  2. broadcast Bye to all consumers
+//  3. close listener (interrupts pending Accept)
+//  4. wait for all per-connection goroutines to drain
+//  5. lock + meta cleanup via Run's defers
+func (d *daemon) shutdown() {
+	d.shutdownMu.Lock()
+	defer d.shutdownMu.Unlock()
+	if !d.shuttingDown.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		return
+	}
+	d.hub.Broadcast(transport.Bye{Type: transport.FrameTypeBye, Reason: "shutdown"})
+	_ = d.listener.Close()
+	// Force-close all open IPC connections so any reader goroutine blocked
+	// on Read() returns with a network error and exits cleanly. Without
+	// this the consumerWG never drains and Run hangs forever.
+	d.conns.Range(func(k, _ any) bool {
+		if c, ok := k.(net.Conn); ok {
+			_ = c.Close()
+		}
+		return true
+	})
+	// Give consumers a brief moment to drain final frames before we tear
+	// down their channels.
+	doneCh := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		d.consumerWG.Wait()
+		close(doneCh)
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-doneCh:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		d.log.Warn("bus: shutdown: consumer goroutines did not drain within 2s")
+	}
+}
+
+// signalReady writes a single 'R' byte to the ready pipe (if provided) and
+// closes it. The parent process (busctl/spawn) reads one byte and proceeds.
+func signalReady(p *os.File) {
+	if p == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	_, _ = p.Write([]byte{'R'})
+	_ = p.Close()
+}
+
+// failReady writes 'E' to the ready pipe (if provided) and returns err.
+// Used by the startup-failure paths so the parent can distinguish "still
+// starting up" from "failed to start".
+func failReady(p *os.File, err error) error {
+	if p != nil {
+		_, _ = p.Write([]byte{'E'})
+		_ = p.Close()
+	}
+	return err
+}

internal/event/bus/daemon_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// fakeSource is a minimal SourceAdapter that emits a configured slice of
+// events then blocks on ctx until cancel. Used by daemon integration tests
+// in place of the real Stream SDK.
+//
+// If trigger is non-nil, fakeSource waits for it to close before emitting.
+// Tests use this to register a consumer first (avoids the race where events
+// flow before Hello completes and end up dropped by Hub for lack of a
+// matching consumer).
+type fakeSource struct {
+	events  []dwsevent.RawEvent
+	delay   time.Duration   // optional delay between emits to let the consumer drain
+	trigger <-chan struct{} // optional gate; nil = emit immediately
+}
+
+func (f *fakeSource) Start(ctx context.Context, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) error {
+	if f.trigger != nil {
+		select {
+		case <-f.trigger:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	for i := range f.events {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+		}
+		ev := f.events[i]
+		ev.ReceivedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+		emit(&ev)
+		if f.delay > 0 {
+			time.Sleep(f.delay)
+		}
+	}
+	<-ctx.Done()
+	return ctx.Err()
+}
+
+func skipOnWindows(t *testing.T, reason string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skipf("skip on windows: %s", reason)
+	}
+}
+
+// shortTempDir returns a temp dir under /tmp so the resulting unix socket
+// path stays under the macOS 104-byte sun_path limit. t.TempDir() lives in
+// $TMPDIR (/var/folders/.../T/...) which can easily exceed that.
+func shortTempDir(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "dws-bus-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mktemp: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(dir) })
+	return dir
+}
+
+// waitForFile polls until path exists or timeout elapses.
+func waitForFile(t *testing.T, path string, timeout time.Duration) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("file %q did not appear within %s", path, timeout)
+}
+
+func TestDaemon_RunStartsAndShutsDownCleanly(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t, "Unix socket path semantics differ; covered by transport_windows_test")
+	workDir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sockPath := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	src := &fakeSource{}
+	runDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		runDone <- Run(ctx, Config{
+			WorkDir:     workDir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sockPath,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      src,
+		})
+	}()
+	waitForFile(t, sockPath, 2*time.Second)
+
+	if pid := ReadHolderPID(filepath.Join(workDir, LockFileName)); pid != os.Getpid() {
+		t.Errorf("bus.lock pid = %d, want %d", pid, os.Getpid())
+	}
+	if _, err := ReadMeta(workDir); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("bus.meta missing: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	cancel()
+	select {
+	case err := <-runDone:
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Fatalf("Run returned %v, want nil or canceled", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Run did not return after ctx cancel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDaemon_ConsumerReceivesEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t, "uses Unix socket dial")
+	workDir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sockPath := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	trigger := make(chan struct{})
+	src := &fakeSource{
+		events: []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+			{EventID: "1", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{"text":"hi"}`},
+			{EventID: "2", EventType: "approval.task", Data: `{"task":"x"}`},
+			{EventID: "3", EventType: "im.message.at_v1", Data: `{"at":1}`},
+		},
+		delay:   5 * time.Millisecond,
+		trigger: trigger,
+	}
+	runDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		runDone <- Run(ctx, Config{
+			WorkDir:     workDir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sockPath,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      src,
+		})
+	}()
+	waitForFile(t, sockPath, 2*time.Second)
+
+	conn, err := transport.Dial(sockPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Dial: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	w := transport.NewWriter(conn)
+	r := transport.NewReader(conn)
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(transport.Hello{
+		Type:        transport.FrameTypeHello,
+		ConsumerPID: os.Getpid(),
+		EventTypes:  []string{"im.*"},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write hello: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var ack transport.HelloAck
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&ack); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read ack: %v", err)
+	}
+	if ack.Type != transport.FrameTypeHelloAck {
+		t.Fatalf("ack type = %s", ack.Type)
+	}
+
+	// Consumer is now registered; trigger fakeSource to emit.
+	close(trigger)
+
+	received := 0
+	deadline := time.After(3 * time.Second)
+	for received < 2 {
+		select {
+		case <-deadline:
+			t.Fatalf("only received %d events, want 2", received)
+		default:
+		}
+		raw, err := r.Read()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("read frame: %v", err)
+		}
+		typ, _ := transport.PeekType(raw)
+		if typ == transport.FrameTypeEvent {
+			received++
+		}
+	}
+
+	cancel()
+	<-runDone
+}
+
+func TestDaemon_LockBusyOnSecondRun(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t, "uses Unix socket / flock semantics")
+	workDir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sockPath := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go func() {
+		_ = Run(ctx, Config{
+			WorkDir:     workDir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sockPath,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      &fakeSource{},
+		})
+	}()
+	waitForFile(t, sockPath, 2*time.Second)
+
+	err := Run(context.Background(), Config{
+		WorkDir:     workDir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sockPath + ".other",
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Edition:     "open",
+		Source:      &fakeSource{},
+	})
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("second Run = %v, want ErrBusy", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDaemon_IdleTimeoutSelfStops(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t, "uses Unix socket")
+	workDir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sockPath := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	runDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		runDone <- Run(ctx, Config{
+			WorkDir:     workDir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sockPath,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      &fakeSource{},
+			IdleTimeout: 200 * time.Millisecond,
+		})
+	}()
+	waitForFile(t, sockPath, 2*time.Second)
+
+	select {
+	case <-runDone:
+		// success
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("bus did not idle-stop within deadline")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDaemon_ReadyPipeSignalsR(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t, "uses Unix socket + pipe")
+	workDir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sockPath := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+
+	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer pr.Close()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	go Run(ctx, Config{
+		WorkDir:     workDir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sockPath,
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Edition:     "open",
+		Source:      &fakeSource{},
+		ReadyPipe:   pw,
+	})
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 1)
+	pr.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second))
+	n, err := pr.Read(buf)
+	if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		t.Fatalf("read ready pipe: %v", err)
+	}
+	if n != 1 || buf[0] != 'R' {
+		t.Fatalf("ready byte = %q n=%d, want 'R'", buf, n)
+	}
+	cancel()
+}
+
+func TestDaemon_ConsumerEOFAutoUnregisters(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t, "uses Unix socket")
+	workDir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sockPath := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+
+	go Run(ctx, Config{
+		WorkDir:     workDir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sockPath,
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Edition:     "open",
+		Source:      &fakeSource{},
+	})
+	waitForFile(t, sockPath, 2*time.Second)
+
+	conn, err := transport.Dial(sockPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	w := transport.NewWriter(conn)
+	r := transport.NewReader(conn)
+	_ = w.WriteJSON(transport.Hello{Type: transport.FrameTypeHello, ConsumerPID: 12345})
+	var ack transport.HelloAck
+	_ = r.ReadJSON(&ack)
+
+	// Slam the connection shut without sending Bye.
+	conn.Close()
+
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	c2, err := transport.Dial(sockPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer c2.Close()
+	w2 := transport.NewWriter(c2)
+	r2 := transport.NewReader(c2)
+	_ = w2.WriteJSON(transport.Hello{Type: transport.FrameTypeHello, Role: transport.HelloRoleStatus})
+	_ = w2.WriteJSON(transport.StatusReq{Type: transport.FrameTypeStatusReq})
+	var resp transport.StatusResp
+	if err := r2.ReadJSON(&resp); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read status: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, c := range resp.Consumers {
+		if c.PID == 12345 {
+			t.Fatalf("dead consumer 12345 still present in status: %+v", resp.Consumers)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package bus implements the daemon side of the dws event subsystem: one
+// long-lived process per ClientID that holds the single cloud connection
+// and fans out events to N local consumers over IPC.
+//
+// Files (mirroring plan §5 layout):
+//
+//	daemon.go    main loop: lock → meta → IPC listen → ready → source.Start
+//	hub.go       consumer registry, per-consumer sendCh, drop-oldest backpressure
+//	metrics.go   per-event-type + per-consumer received/dropped counters
+//	lockfile.go  single bus.lock (flock + PID content + stale recovery)
+//	meta.go      bus.meta JSON (clientID/edition/started_at) for list/status reverse mapping
+//
+// Lifecycle invariants (plan §4 invariants 1–7):
+//  1. emit non-blocking (drop-oldest, never block SDK callback)
+//  2. dedup on event_id (LRU) to absorb cloud-side redelivery
+//  3. single bus per ClientID (bus.lock enforces, all FS paths use clientIDHash)
+//  4. upstream always full subscription; consumer filter only affects bus→consume
+//  5. dead-consumer auto-reap on socket EOF
+//  6. startup order: lock → meta → IPC listen → ready pipe → Source.Start
+//  7. stdio detach when fork'd by busctl/spawn
+package bus

internal/event/bus/dropwarn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// DefaultDropWarnPercent is the threshold above which per-event-type drop
+// rate triggers a slog WARN line in bus.log. 5% is the plan default
+// (§15 已决项); overridable via DWS_EVENT_DROP_WARN_PCT.
+//
+// We use whole-percentage granularity (int) because the counter math is
+// integer; sub-percent precision would just add noise.
+const DefaultDropWarnPercent = 5
+
+// dropWarnTickInterval is how often the watcher samples counters. 30s
+// balances responsiveness ("see the warning while the burst is still
+// happening") with log noise (one warning per scan, not one per drop).
+const dropWarnTickInterval = 30 * time.Second
+
+// dropWarnState memoises the last warned drop rate per event type so we
+// only emit a fresh WARN when the situation worsens by at least
+// dropWarnHysteresis percentage points. Without hysteresis a steady-state
+// burst would re-warn every tick.
+const dropWarnHysteresis = 5
+
+// dropWarnWatcher periodically samples per-event-type counters; for any
+// type whose drop rate crosses the threshold (and hasn't recently been
+// warned at the same level), it emits a slog WARN. Runs as a daemon
+// goroutine spawned from bus.Run.
+//
+// Lifecycle: returns when ctx is cancelled (bus shutdown). Never holds
+// any external lock — uses the counters' own concurrency-safe Snapshot.
+func dropWarnWatcher(ctx context.Context, counters *PerTypeCounters, log *slog.Logger, threshold int) {
+	if threshold <= 0 || threshold > 100 {
+		threshold = DefaultDropWarnPercent
+	}
+	tick := time.NewTicker(dropWarnTickInterval)
+	defer tick.Stop()
+	lastWarnedPct := make(map[string]int)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-tick.C:
+			for _, et := range counters.SortedTypes() {
+				pct := counters.DropRatePercent(et)
+				if pct < threshold {
+					// drop rate is healthy → forget any prior warning so
+					// a future spike re-triggers a fresh WARN
+					delete(lastWarnedPct, et)
+					continue
+				}
+				prev, warned := lastWarnedPct[et]
+				if warned && pct < prev+dropWarnHysteresis {
+					continue // not significantly worse; suppress
+				}
+				log.Warn("bus: event type backpressure",
+					"event_type", et,
+					"drop_pct", pct,
+					"threshold_pct", threshold,
+				)
+				lastWarnedPct[et] = pct
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/dropwarn_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// dropWarnWatcher is exercised end-to-end by daemon integration tests
+// (it runs as a goroutine inside bus.Run). At the unit level we just
+// verify the threshold-clamping behaviour in isolation so a misconfigured
+// env var doesn't disable the safety net silently.
+func TestDropWarnWatcher_ThresholdClamp(t *testing.T) {
+	// The function applies its own clamp before using the threshold;
+	// we re-derive the expected effective value through the same path
+	// (calling helper-style code below).
+	for _, in := range []int{-1, 0, 101, 1000} {
+		got := clampDropWarnPctForTest(in)
+		if got != DefaultDropWarnPercent {
+			t.Errorf("invalid threshold %d should clamp to %d, got %d",
+				in, DefaultDropWarnPercent, got)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, in := range []int{1, 5, 10, 50, 100} {
+		if got := clampDropWarnPctForTest(in); got != in {
+			t.Errorf("valid threshold %d should pass through, got %d", in, got)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// clampDropWarnPctForTest mirrors the clamp logic in dropWarnWatcher.
+// Kept separate so the public Watcher signature does not have to expose
+// internal validation as a method — the watcher reads threshold from
+// closure, and tests want to assert on the validation contract.
+func clampDropWarnPctForTest(threshold int) int {
+	if threshold <= 0 || threshold > 100 {
+		return DefaultDropWarnPercent
+	}
+	return threshold
+}

internal/event/bus/hub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"regexp"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// DefaultSendBuffer is the per-consumer channel capacity used when the Hub
+// is constructed via NewHub. Sized to absorb a short event burst (~100ms at
+// ~1k evt/s) without backpressure. Overridable via DWS_EVENT_CONSUMER_BUFFER
+// at daemon start (plan §15 已决但暴露方式).
+const DefaultSendBuffer = 100
+
+// Consumer represents one registered IPC connection to the bus. Wire-side
+// reader/writer goroutines are owned by daemon.go; the Hub holds the
+// metadata + sendCh.
+type Consumer struct {
+	ID           int      // monotonic, assigned by Hub
+	PID          int      // from Hello.ConsumerPID
+	EventTypes   []string // raw wildcard patterns from Hello
+	Filter       string   // raw regex from Hello (for status display)
+	SubscribeID  string   // optional personal subscription label and local isolation key
+	SubscribedAt time.Time
+	SendCh       chan any // bus → consume frames (Event/SourceState/Heartbeat/Bye)
+	matcher      consumerMatcher
+	sendMu       sync.Mutex    // serialises Deliver/Broadcast with SendCh close
+	closed       bool          // guarded by sendMu
+	seq          atomic.Uint64 // monotonic per-consumer sequence, starts at 1
+	received     atomic.Uint64
+	dropped      atomic.Uint64
+}
+
+// consumerMatcher pre-compiles EventTypes wildcard patterns and the optional
+// Filter regex into a fast checker invoked once per delivered event per
+// consumer. Empty EventTypes means catch-all (everything matches except
+// what Filter excludes). Non-empty SubscribeID is an additional exact-match
+// constraint used by personal_stream consumers so same event_type subscriptions
+// do not fan out to each other.
+type consumerMatcher struct {
+	catchAll    bool
+	exact       map[string]struct{} // patterns without '*'
+	prefixes    []string            // patterns ending in ".*" or "*" — store the prefix only
+	filter      *regexp.Regexp      // nil if no filter
+	subscribeID string              // empty = no subscribe_id filtering
+}
+
+func compileMatcher(eventTypes []string, filter string, subscribeID string) (consumerMatcher, error) {
+	m := consumerMatcher{
+		exact:       make(map[string]struct{}),
+		subscribeID: strings.TrimSpace(subscribeID),
+	}
+	if len(eventTypes) == 0 {
+		m.catchAll = true
+	}
+	for _, raw := range eventTypes {
+		raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+		if raw == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Treat trailing '*' or '.*' as a prefix wildcard (e.g. "im.*",
+		// "im.message.*"). Middle/leading wildcards are rare for event_type
+		// strings — if a real use case appears we can switch to regex
+		// compilation here without breaking the wire format.
+		switch {
+		case raw == "*":
+			m.catchAll = true
+		case strings.HasSuffix(raw, ".*"):
+			m.prefixes = append(m.prefixes, raw[:len(raw)-1]) // keep the dot, drop the *
+		case strings.HasSuffix(raw, "*"):
+			m.prefixes = append(m.prefixes, raw[:len(raw)-1])
+		default:
+			m.exact[raw] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	if filter != "" {
+		re, err := regexp.Compile(filter)
+		if err != nil {
+			return consumerMatcher{}, err
+		}
+		m.filter = re
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func (m *consumerMatcher) matches(raw *dwsevent.RawEvent) bool {
+	if raw == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if m.subscribeID != "" && raw.SubscribeID != m.subscribeID {
+		return false
+	}
+	eventType := raw.EventType
+	// First the include rules: catchAll OR exact-list OR prefix-list.
+	included := m.catchAll
+	if !included {
+		if _, ok := m.exact[eventType]; ok {
+			included = true
+		}
+	}
+	if !included {
+		for _, p := range m.prefixes {
+			if strings.HasPrefix(eventType, p) {
+				included = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if !included {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Filter is an additional AND constraint (regex on the event_type
+	// string). Empty filter is no-op.
+	if m.filter != nil && !m.filter.MatchString(eventType) {
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// Hub is the bus's fan-out engine. It owns the set of registered consumers
+// and the bus-wide per-event-type counters. The Hub is concurrency-safe
+// across Register/Unregister/Deliver/Snapshot; Deliver is the hot path and
+// is RLock-only.
+type Hub struct {
+	mu         sync.RWMutex
+	consumers  map[int]*Consumer
+	nextID     int
+	bufferSize int
+	counters   *PerTypeCounters
+}
+
+// NewHub returns a Hub with the given per-consumer channel buffer size.
+// Zero or negative uses DefaultSendBuffer.
+func NewHub(bufferSize int) *Hub {
+	if bufferSize <= 0 {
+		bufferSize = DefaultSendBuffer
+	}
+	return &Hub{
+		consumers:  make(map[int]*Consumer),
+		bufferSize: bufferSize,
+		counters:   NewPerTypeCounters(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Counters exposes the bus-wide per-event-type counter set for daemon-side
+// rendering (status RPC, drop-rate warning).
+func (h *Hub) Counters() *PerTypeCounters { return h.counters }
+
+// RegisterError wraps the matcher compile error so the daemon can refuse
+// the Hello and return a clean error to the consume client (instead of
+// silently accepting a bad filter regex).
+type RegisterError struct{ Err error }
+
+func (e *RegisterError) Error() string { return "bus: register consumer: " + e.Err.Error() }
+func (e *RegisterError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
+
+// Register adds a consumer derived from a Hello frame. Returns a new
+// Consumer with the populated ID + sendCh ready to use, or a RegisterError
+// if the Hello's Filter regex is invalid.
+func (h *Hub) Register(hello transport.Hello) (*Consumer, error) {
+	m, err := compileMatcher(hello.EventTypes, hello.Filter, hello.SubscribeID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, &RegisterError{Err: err}
+	}
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	h.nextID++
+	c := &Consumer{
+		ID:           h.nextID,
+		PID:          hello.ConsumerPID,
+		EventTypes:   append([]string(nil), hello.EventTypes...),
+		Filter:       hello.Filter,
+		SubscribeID:  strings.TrimSpace(hello.SubscribeID),
+		SubscribedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		SendCh:       make(chan any, h.bufferSize),
+		matcher:      m,
+	}
+	h.consumers[c.ID] = c
+	return c, nil
+}
+
+// Unregister removes a consumer by ID and closes its sendCh. Idempotent —
+// calling twice or on an unknown ID is a no-op. closeSend shares the same
+// per-consumer lock as Deliver/Broadcast, so a stale Hub snapshot cannot send
+// to the channel after it has been closed.
+func (h *Hub) Unregister(id int) {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	c, ok := h.consumers[id]
+	if !ok {
+		h.mu.Unlock()
+		return
+	}
+	delete(h.consumers, id)
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+	c.closeSend()
+}
+
+// Deliver fans the raw event out to every matching consumer. Updates
+// bus-wide and per-consumer counters. Always non-blocking — drops the
+// oldest entry in any full sendCh (plan invariant #1).
+//
+// Called from the bus daemon's main loop after dedup; safe for concurrent
+// callers (Hub uses an RLock, Consumer drop-oldest is single-producer-safe
+// because the daemon serialises Deliver per event).
+func (h *Hub) Deliver(raw *dwsevent.RawEvent) {
+	if raw == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	h.counters.AddReceived(raw.EventType)
+
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	matched := make([]*Consumer, 0, len(h.consumers))
+	for _, c := range h.consumers {
+		if c.matcher.matches(raw) {
+			matched = append(matched, c)
+		}
+	}
+	h.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	for _, c := range matched {
+		c.deliver(raw, h.counters)
+	}
+}
+
+// deliver builds the per-consumer Event frame (assigning seq) and pushes
+// it onto sendCh with drop-oldest semantics. Updates per-consumer and
+// bus-wide drop counters.
+func (c *Consumer) deliver(raw *dwsevent.RawEvent, hubCounters *PerTypeCounters) {
+	c.sendMu.Lock()
+	defer c.sendMu.Unlock()
+	if c.closed {
+		return
+	}
+
+	seq := c.seq.Add(1)
+	frame := transport.Event{
+		Type:              transport.FrameTypeEvent,
+		Seq:               seq,
+		EventID:           raw.EventID,
+		EventBornTime:     raw.EventBornTime,
+		EventCorpID:       raw.EventCorpID,
+		EventType:         raw.EventType,
+		EventUnifiedAppID: raw.EventUnifiedAppID,
+		EventScope:        raw.EventScope,
+		SubscribeID:       raw.SubscribeID,
+		SourceID:          raw.SourceID,
+		RuleType:          raw.RuleType,
+		Data:              raw.Data,
+		Headers:           raw.Headers,
+		ReceivedAtUnixMS:  raw.ReceivedAt.UnixMilli(),
+	}
+	success, evicted := c.tryPushOrDropOldestLocked(frame)
+	if evicted {
+		// An older event we had previously enqueued is gone.
+		c.dropped.Add(1)
+		c.received.Add(^uint64(0)) // -1
+		hubCounters.AddDropped(raw.EventType)
+	}
+	if success {
+		c.received.Add(1)
+	} else {
+		// New event also didn't make it (rare: lost the race after eviction)
+		c.dropped.Add(1)
+		if !evicted {
+			// No eviction happened but push still failed → unexpected; only
+			// reached via concurrent reader-then-something. Count the bus-wide
+			// drop too so the metric matches per-consumer drops.
+			hubCounters.AddDropped(raw.EventType)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// tryPushOrDropOldestLocked tries to push frame to SendCh non-blockingly. If
+// full, it pops the oldest entry to make room and tries once more. Caller must
+// hold c.sendMu, which makes drop-oldest a true single-producer operation even
+// when Deliver and Broadcast run concurrently.
+//
+// Returns:
+//
+//	success: true if the new frame is now in the channel
+//	evicted: true if we removed an older queued frame to make room
+//
+// "received" semantics in deliver() interpret these:
+//
+//	success=true,  evicted=false → +1 received (normal push)
+//	success=true,  evicted=true  → net 0 (lost 1, gained 1); +1 dropped
+//	success=false, evicted=true  → -1 received, +2 dropped (both lost; rare)
+//	success=false, evicted=false → only possible if reader drained between
+//	  try and we still missed (extremely rare); +1 dropped only.
+//
+// The per-consumer send lock makes this block the sole SendCh producer, so the
+// second push cannot race another producer. The transport writer may receive
+// between our two operations, which only makes more room — never less.
+func (c *Consumer) tryPushOrDropOldestLocked(frame any) (success bool, evicted bool) {
+	select {
+	case c.SendCh <- frame:
+		return true, false
+	default:
+	}
+	// Drop oldest, then retry.
+	select {
+	case <-c.SendCh:
+		evicted = true
+	default:
+		// Reader took it, room is back.
+	}
+	select {
+	case c.SendCh <- frame:
+		return true, evicted
+	default:
+		return false, evicted
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Consumer) enqueue(frame any) bool {
+	c.sendMu.Lock()
+	defer c.sendMu.Unlock()
+	if c.closed {
+		return false
+	}
+	success, _ := c.tryPushOrDropOldestLocked(frame)
+	return success
+}
+
+func (c *Consumer) closeSend() {
+	c.sendMu.Lock()
+	defer c.sendMu.Unlock()
+	if c.closed {
+		return
+	}
+	c.closed = true
+	close(c.SendCh)
+}
+
+// Broadcast sends the same frame (e.g. SourceState change, Bye on shutdown)
+// to every consumer using drop-oldest semantics. Returns the number of
+// consumers the frame was successfully enqueued for.
+func (h *Hub) Broadcast(frame any) int {
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	cs := make([]*Consumer, 0, len(h.consumers))
+	for _, c := range h.consumers {
+		cs = append(cs, c)
+	}
+	h.mu.RUnlock()
+	ok := 0
+	for _, c := range cs {
+		if c.enqueue(frame) {
+			ok++
+		}
+	}
+	return ok
+}
+
+// Snapshot returns a deterministic StatusConsumer slice (sorted by PID)
+// for status RPC encoding. Caller MUST NOT mutate the returned slice.
+func (h *Hub) Snapshot() []transport.StatusConsumer {
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	defer h.mu.RUnlock()
+	out := make([]transport.StatusConsumer, 0, len(h.consumers))
+	for _, c := range h.consumers {
+		out = append(out, transport.StatusConsumer{
+			PID:            c.PID,
+			EventTypes:     append([]string(nil), c.EventTypes...),
+			Filter:         c.Filter,
+			SubscribeID:    c.SubscribeID,
+			SubscribedAtMS: c.SubscribedAt.UnixMilli(),
+			Received:       c.received.Load(),
+			Dropped:        c.dropped.Load(),
+		})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool { return out[i].PID < out[j].PID })
+	return out
+}
+
+// Len returns the current number of registered consumers.
+func (h *Hub) Len() int {
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	defer h.mu.RUnlock()
+	return len(h.consumers)
+}

internal/event/bus/hub_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func mkEvent(typ, id string) *dwsevent.RawEvent {
+	return &dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		EventID:    id,
+		EventType:  typ,
+		Data:       `{}`,
+		ReceivedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+	}
+}
+
+func drain(c *Consumer, n int, t *testing.T) []*transport.Event {
+	t.Helper()
+	out := make([]*transport.Event, 0, n)
+	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+		select {
+		case f := <-c.SendCh:
+			ev, ok := f.(transport.Event)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("frame %d is not Event: %T", i, f)
+			}
+			out = append(out, &ev)
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for event %d", i)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func assertNoEvent(c *Consumer, t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	select {
+	case f := <-c.SendCh:
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected frame: %#v", f)
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_RegisterAssignsMonotonicID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c1, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: 1})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	c2, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: 2})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if c1.ID >= c2.ID {
+		t.Fatalf("IDs not monotonic: %d, %d", c1.ID, c2.ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverMatchesPrefix(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{EventTypes: []string{"im.message.*"}})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("im.message.receive_v1", "1"))
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("approval.task", "2")) // no match
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("im.message.at_v1", "3"))
+
+	got := drain(c, 2, t)
+	if got[0].EventID != "1" || got[1].EventID != "3" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1,3 got %s,%s", got[0].EventID, got[1].EventID)
+	}
+	if got[0].Seq != 1 || got[1].Seq != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("seq mismatch: %d %d", got[0].Seq, got[1].Seq)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverCatchAll(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{}) // empty == catch-all
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("im.message.receive_v1", "1"))
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("approval.task", "2"))
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("foo.bar", "3"))
+	got := drain(c, 3, t)
+	if got[0].EventID != "1" || got[1].EventID != "2" || got[2].EventID != "3" {
+		t.Fatalf("catch-all missed events: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverFilterRegex(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{Filter: `^im\.`})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("im.message.receive_v1", "1"))
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("approval.task", "2")) // filtered out
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("im.chat.member.bot.added_v1", "3"))
+	got := drain(c, 2, t)
+	if got[0].EventID != "1" || got[1].EventID != "3" {
+		t.Fatalf("filter regex missed: %+v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverFiltersBySubscribeID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{
+		EventTypes:  []string{"user_im_message_receive_o2o"},
+		SubscribeID: "sub-b",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	wrong := mkEvent("user_im_message_receive_o2o", "1")
+	wrong.SubscribeID = "sub-c"
+	h.Deliver(wrong)
+	assertNoEvent(c, t)
+
+	right := mkEvent("user_im_message_receive_o2o", "2")
+	right.SubscribeID = "sub-b"
+	h.Deliver(right)
+
+	got := drain(c, 1, t)
+	if got[0].EventID != "2" || got[0].SubscribeID != "sub-b" {
+		t.Fatalf("event = %#v, want sub-b event 2", got[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverSubscribeIDSeparatesSameEventType(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	b, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{
+		EventTypes:  []string{"user_im_message_receive_o2o"},
+		SubscribeID: "sub-b",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{
+		EventTypes:  []string{"user_im_message_receive_o2o"},
+		SubscribeID: "sub-c",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	evB := mkEvent("user_im_message_receive_o2o", "b-msg")
+	evB.SubscribeID = "sub-b"
+	evC := mkEvent("user_im_message_receive_o2o", "c-msg")
+	evC.SubscribeID = "sub-c"
+	h.Deliver(evB)
+	h.Deliver(evC)
+
+	gotB := drain(b, 1, t)
+	gotC := drain(c, 1, t)
+	if gotB[0].EventID != "b-msg" || gotB[0].SubscribeID != "sub-b" {
+		t.Fatalf("B consumer got %#v", gotB[0])
+	}
+	if gotC[0].EventID != "c-msg" || gotC[0].SubscribeID != "sub-c" {
+		t.Fatalf("C consumer got %#v", gotC[0])
+	}
+	assertNoEvent(b, t)
+	assertNoEvent(c, t)
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverDropsMissingSubscribeIDForSpecificConsumer(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{
+		EventTypes:  []string{"user_im_message_receive_group"},
+		SubscribeID: "sub-group",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("user_im_message_receive_group", "missing-sub"))
+
+	assertNoEvent(c, t)
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverEmptyConsumerSubscribeIDReceivesAnySubscribeID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{
+		EventTypes: []string{"user_im_message_receive_o2o"},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ev := mkEvent("user_im_message_receive_o2o", "1")
+	ev.SubscribeID = "sub-any"
+	h.Deliver(ev)
+
+	got := drain(c, 1, t)
+	if got[0].SubscribeID != "sub-any" {
+		t.Fatalf("event subscribe_id = %q, want sub-any", got[0].SubscribeID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_DeliverEventTypeMismatchEvenWithSubscribeID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{
+		EventTypes:  []string{"user_im_message_receive_o2o"},
+		SubscribeID: "sub-1",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ev := mkEvent("user_im_message_receive_group", "1")
+	ev.SubscribeID = "sub-1"
+
+	h.Deliver(ev)
+
+	assertNoEvent(c, t)
+}
+
+func TestHub_RegisterRejectsBadFilterRegex(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	_, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{Filter: `(unclosed`})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected RegisterError for bad regex")
+	}
+	var re *RegisterError
+	if !errors.As(err, &re) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want *RegisterError", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_DropOldestOnFullChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(2) // small buffer
+	c, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{})
+
+	// Push 5 events without draining → 2 stay, 3 dropped
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		h.Deliver(mkEvent("foo", string(rune('0'+i))))
+	}
+	if c.received.Load() != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("received = %d, want 2", c.received.Load())
+	}
+	if c.dropped.Load() != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("dropped = %d, want 3", c.dropped.Load())
+	}
+	// Bus counters reflect it too
+	snap := h.Counters().Snapshot()
+	if snap["foo"].Dropped != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("hub dropped = %d, want 3", snap["foo"].Dropped)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_UnregisterClosesChannel(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{})
+	h.Unregister(c.ID)
+
+	// Channel should be closed; receive returns zero value with ok=false
+	_, ok := <-c.SendCh
+	if ok {
+		t.Fatal("SendCh should be closed after Unregister")
+	}
+
+	// Further Deliver must not panic (closed flag prevents send)
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("foo", "x"))
+	if h.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Len after Unregister = %d, want 0", h.Len())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_UnregisterIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{})
+	h.Unregister(c.ID)
+	h.Unregister(c.ID) // must not panic
+	h.Unregister(9999) // unknown ID
+}
+
+func TestHub_ConcurrentDeliverBroadcastUnregister(t *testing.T) {
+	for iteration := 0; iteration < 200; iteration++ {
+		h := NewHub(4)
+		c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: iteration + 1})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+
+		start := make(chan struct{})
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		for producer := 0; producer < 4; producer++ {
+			wg.Add(1)
+			go func() {
+				defer wg.Done()
+				<-start
+				for i := 0; i < 25; i++ {
+					h.Deliver(mkEvent("foo", "event"))
+					h.Broadcast(transport.SourceState{Type: transport.FrameTypeSourceState, State: "connected"})
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			<-start
+			h.Unregister(c.ID)
+		}()
+
+		close(start)
+		wg.Wait()
+
+		deadline := time.After(time.Second)
+	drain:
+		for {
+			select {
+			case _, ok := <-c.SendCh:
+				if !ok {
+					break drain
+				}
+			case <-deadline:
+				t.Fatal("SendCh was not closed after concurrent unregister")
+			}
+		}
+
+		seq := c.seq.Load()
+		received := c.received.Load()
+		dropped := c.dropped.Load()
+		h.Deliver(mkEvent("foo", "after-close"))
+		h.Broadcast(transport.Bye{Type: transport.FrameTypeBye})
+		if c.seq.Load() != seq || c.received.Load() != received || c.dropped.Load() != dropped {
+			t.Fatal("closed consumer counters changed after unregister")
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_BroadcastReachesAllConsumers(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	a, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: 1})
+	b, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: 2})
+
+	bye := transport.Bye{Type: transport.FrameTypeBye, Reason: "shutdown"}
+	if got := h.Broadcast(bye); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Broadcast delivered to %d, want 2", got)
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range []*Consumer{a, b} {
+		select {
+		case f := <-c.SendCh:
+			if _, ok := f.(transport.Bye); !ok {
+				t.Errorf("PID %d got %T, want Bye", c.PID, f)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Errorf("PID %d did not receive broadcast", c.PID)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_Snapshot_SortedByPID(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	for _, pid := range []int{30, 10, 20} {
+		_, _ = h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: pid, EventTypes: []string{"a"}})
+	}
+	snap := h.Snapshot()
+	if len(snap) != 3 || snap[0].PID != 10 || snap[1].PID != 20 || snap[2].PID != 30 {
+		t.Fatalf("snapshot not sorted: %+v", snap)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_PerConsumerSeqRestartsAtOne(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	a, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: 1})
+	b, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{ConsumerPID: 2})
+
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("foo", "x"))
+	h.Deliver(mkEvent("foo", "y"))
+
+	ea := drain(a, 2, t)
+	eb := drain(b, 2, t)
+
+	for i, ev := range ea {
+		if ev.Seq != uint64(i+1) {
+			t.Errorf("consumer a seq[%d] = %d, want %d", i, ev.Seq, i+1)
+		}
+	}
+	for i, ev := range eb {
+		if ev.Seq != uint64(i+1) {
+			t.Errorf("consumer b seq[%d] = %d, want %d", i, ev.Seq, i+1)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHub_NilEventNoOp(t *testing.T) {
+	h := NewHub(10)
+	c, _ := h.Register(transport.Hello{})
+	h.Deliver(nil)
+	if c.received.Load() != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("nil event should not increment")
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/lockfile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/lock"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/process"
+)
+
+// LockFileName is the on-disk name of the bus single-instance lock. It lives
+// inside the bus working directory
+// (<ConfigDir>/events/<edition>/<source_kind>/<identity_hash>/).
+const LockFileName = "bus.lock"
+
+// ErrBusy is re-exported from lock for callers that only depend on bus.
+var ErrBusy = lock.ErrBusy
+
+// ErrStaleOwnerAlive indicates the PID stored in bus.lock points at a
+// live process — there is already a bus running for this ClientID and we
+// must not start another one. (This case is hit when the holder is still
+// alive but its flock was somehow released; in practice flock + PID always
+// agree, so this is mostly defensive.)
+var ErrStaleOwnerAlive = errors.New("bus: lock file PID is alive but flock was released; assuming live owner")
+
+// Lock represents a held bus.lock. Close releases the flock and removes the
+// PID file, so a subsequent bus can acquire cleanly. A zero Lock is unusable.
+type Lock struct {
+	inner *lock.File
+}
+
+// Acquire takes the bus lock at path and writes our PID into the file body.
+//
+// If the file already has a PID written by a previous run:
+//  1. Try the flock first — if another process holds it, return ErrBusy
+//     (a live bus is running, abort).
+//  2. flock acquired but file contains a PID → check if that PID is
+//     alive via process.Alive(). If alive → return ErrStaleOwnerAlive
+//     (defensive; release our flock first). If dead → take over (orphan
+//     cleanup) and overwrite PID with our own.
+//
+// On success the returned Lock owns an exclusive flock and a file body
+// containing our PID. Concurrent competing processes will get ErrBusy.
+func Acquire(path string) (*Lock, error) {
+	l, err := lock.TryAcquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err // already wraps ErrBusy when busy
+	}
+
+	// flock acquired. Read existing PID (if any).
+	f := l.File()
+	if _, err := f.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		_ = l.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bus: seek lock: %w", err)
+	}
+	old, err := io.ReadAll(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = l.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bus: read lock: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if pid := parsePID(old); pid > 0 && process.Alive(pid) {
+		// Defensive: flock returned us the lock, but the stored PID is
+		// alive. This shouldn't normally happen (the live process holds
+		// the flock), but it's possible across odd kernel/FS edge cases
+		// (NFS, container restarts). Release and refuse to start.
+		_ = l.Close()
+		return nil, ErrStaleOwnerAlive
+	}
+
+	// Orphan or first-ever acquisition. Rewrite the file with our PID.
+	if err := truncateAndWritePID(f, os.Getpid()); err != nil {
+		_ = l.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bus: write PID: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &Lock{inner: l}, nil
+}
+
+// ReadHolderPID returns the PID stored in path, or 0 if the file is missing
+// or unreadable. Does NOT attempt to acquire the lock — useful for `event
+// status` to display the holder without contention.
+func ReadHolderPID(path string) int {
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return parsePID(b)
+}
+
+// Close releases the flock and best-effort blanks the PID body so a stale
+// reader (e.g. `event status` racing our shutdown) does not see our
+// long-dead PID and try to signal it. The lock file itself is NOT removed
+// — keeping it on disk avoids a race where a competing bus could acquire
+// inode-on-create faster than our truncate.
+func (l *Lock) Close() error {
+	if l == nil || l.inner == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Blank the body before releasing the lock.
+	f := l.inner.File()
+	_ = truncateAndWritePID(f, 0)
+	err := l.inner.Close()
+	l.inner = nil
+	return err
+}
+
+// HoldsPath returns the path the lock is held on.
+func (l *Lock) HoldsPath() string {
+	if l == nil || l.inner == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return l.inner.Path()
+}
+
+func truncateAndWritePID(f *os.File, pid int) error {
+	if err := f.Truncate(0); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := f.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if pid > 0 {
+		if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(f, "%d\n", pid); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return f.Sync()
+}
+
+func parsePID(b []byte) int {
+	s := strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
+	if s == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	n, err := strconv.Atoi(s)
+	if err != nil || n <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return n
+}

internal/event/bus/lockfile_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestAcquire_WritesOurPID(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), LockFileName)
+	l, err := Acquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Acquire: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l.Close()
+
+	got := ReadHolderPID(path)
+	if got != os.Getpid() {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadHolderPID = %d, want %d", got, os.Getpid())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAcquire_SecondCallerGetsBusy(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), LockFileName)
+	l1, err := Acquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first Acquire: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l1.Close()
+
+	_, err = Acquire(path)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("second Acquire = %v, want ErrBusy", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAcquire_StaleOrphanIsReclaimed(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), LockFileName)
+	// Pre-populate file with a definitely-dead PID (max int32 is unlikely to be alive).
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("2147483646\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("pre-populate: %v", err)
+	}
+	l, err := Acquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Acquire on stale orphan: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l.Close()
+
+	if got := ReadHolderPID(path); got != os.Getpid() {
+		t.Fatalf("after orphan reclaim, ReadHolderPID = %d, want %d", got, os.Getpid())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAcquire_EmptyExistingFileWorks(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), LockFileName)
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte{}, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("pre-create: %v", err)
+	}
+	l, err := Acquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Acquire on empty file: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l.Close()
+	if got := ReadHolderPID(path); got != os.Getpid() {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadHolderPID = %d, want %d", got, os.Getpid())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClose_BlanksPID(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), LockFileName)
+	l, err := Acquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Acquire: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := l.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Close: %v", err)
+	}
+	// Body should be empty (or at least not our PID anymore).
+	if got := ReadHolderPID(path); got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("after Close, ReadHolderPID = %d, want 0", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadHolderPID_MissingFileReturnsZero(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := ReadHolderPID(filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "does-not-exist")); got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadHolderPID(missing) = %d, want 0", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadHolderPID_MalformedReturnsZero(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "junk.lock")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("not-a-pid"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := ReadHolderPID(path); got != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadHolderPID(malformed) = %d, want 0", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAcquire_AfterReleaseReclaimable(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), LockFileName)
+	l1, err := Acquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := l1.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("close first: %v", err)
+	}
+	l2, err := Acquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("reclaim after Close: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l2.Close()
+}
+
+// Sanity check that PID round-trips through truncateAndWritePID.
+func TestTruncateAndWritePID_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "x")
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	if err := truncateAndWritePID(f, 9999); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	b, _ := os.ReadFile(path)
+	want := fmt.Sprintf("%d\n", 9999)
+	if string(b) != want {
+		t.Fatalf("body = %q, want %q", b, want)
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/meta.go

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+)
+
+// MetaFileName is the on-disk name of the bus metadata file. It lives
+// alongside bus.lock and bus.sock inside the bus working directory.
+const MetaFileName = "bus.meta"
+
+// Meta is the JSON document written once at bus startup. Its primary
+// purpose is to let `dws event list/status --all` reverse-map directory
+// names (clientIDHash hex) back to the human-readable ClientID. It also
+// records bus identity for protocol-compatibility diagnostics (a future
+// consume client built against bus_version="v2" can refuse to dial a
+// bus_version="v1" bus, etc.).
+//
+// The file is overwritten on each bus startup (so a previous bus's stale
+// meta does not persist past a fresh boot) and intentionally NOT deleted
+// on Close — keeping it on disk helps `event status` diagnose an orphan
+// (bus.lock empty + bus.meta present + PID dead = clean orphan).
+type Meta struct {
+	ClientID     string              `json:"client_id"`
+	Edition      string              `json:"edition"`
+	SourceKind   dwsevent.SourceKind `json:"source_kind,omitempty"`
+	IdentityHash string              `json:"identity_hash,omitempty"`
+	SourceID     string              `json:"source_id,omitempty"`
+	StartedAt    time.Time           `json:"started_at"`
+	SDKVersion   string              `json:"sdk_version,omitempty"`
+	BusVersion   string              `json:"bus_version"`
+	BusPID       int                 `json:"bus_pid"`
+}
+
+// CurrentBusVersion identifies the bus wire/storage compatibility level.
+// Bumped only on breaking changes (IPC protocol, lockfile shape, meta
+// schema). v1 is the initial value; the field is parsed defensively by
+// readers (older readers tolerate unknown fields via encoding/json).
+const CurrentBusVersion = "v1"
+
+// WriteMeta atomically writes m to <dir>/bus.meta. Atomic via tmp-file +
+// rename. Directory permissions are not changed; caller must mkdir the
+// containing directory beforehand with pkg/config.DirPerm.
+func WriteMeta(dir string, m Meta) error {
+	if m.BusVersion == "" {
+		m.BusVersion = CurrentBusVersion
+	}
+	if m.BusPID == 0 {
+		m.BusPID = os.Getpid()
+	}
+	if m.StartedAt.IsZero() {
+		m.StartedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+	}
+	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(m, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("bus: marshal meta: %w", err)
+	}
+	final := filepath.Join(dir, MetaFileName)
+	tmp := final + ".tmp"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmp, b, config.FilePerm); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("bus: write tmp meta: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmp, final); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmp)
+		return fmt.Errorf("bus: rename meta: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadMeta loads and parses <dir>/bus.meta. Returns (nil, error) when the
+// file is missing or malformed. Used by `event list/status --all` to
+// resolve clientIDHash → original ClientID.
+func ReadMeta(dir string) (*Meta, error) {
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, MetaFileName)
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var m Meta
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &m); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bus: parse meta %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return &m, nil
+}

internal/event/bus/meta_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestWriteRead_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	m := Meta{
+		ClientID:   "ding_xyz",
+		Edition:    "open",
+		StartedAt:  time.Date(2026, 5, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
+		SDKVersion: "v0.9.1",
+		BusPID:     12345,
+	}
+	if err := WriteMeta(dir, m); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMeta: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	got, err := ReadMeta(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadMeta: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.ClientID != m.ClientID || got.Edition != m.Edition || got.BusPID != m.BusPID {
+		t.Errorf("roundtrip mismatch: got %+v want %+v", got, m)
+	}
+	if got.BusVersion != CurrentBusVersion {
+		t.Errorf("BusVersion default not applied: %q", got.BusVersion)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteMeta_DefaultsPID(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := WriteMeta(dir, Meta{ClientID: "x", Edition: "open"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteMeta: %v", err)
+	}
+	got, err := ReadMeta(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadMeta: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.BusPID != os.Getpid() {
+		t.Errorf("BusPID default = %d, want %d", got.BusPID, os.Getpid())
+	}
+	if got.StartedAt.IsZero() {
+		t.Error("StartedAt default not applied")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriteMeta_AtomicNoTmpLeft(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := WriteMeta(dir, Meta{ClientID: "x", Edition: "open"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// .tmp file must not remain after successful rename
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, MetaFileName+".tmp")); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal(".tmp file leaked after WriteMeta")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadMeta_MissingFileErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := ReadMeta(t.TempDir()); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("ReadMeta on missing file should error")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadMeta_MalformedErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, MetaFileName), []byte("{garbage"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := ReadMeta(dir); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("ReadMeta on malformed JSON should error")
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/metrics.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// PerTypeCounters is bus-wide and tracks how many events of each event_type
+// the bus delivered (or dropped due to backpressure) since startup. Surfaced
+// via `dws event status`. Concurrent-safe.
+//
+// Implementation note: a map of *atomic uint64 pairs lets us avoid taking
+// the mu in the hot Add() path; mu is only held when inserting a new
+// event_type key.
+type PerTypeCounters struct {
+	mu sync.RWMutex
+	m  map[string]*typeRow
+}
+
+type typeRow struct {
+	received atomic.Uint64
+	dropped  atomic.Uint64
+}
+
+// NewPerTypeCounters returns an empty counter set.
+func NewPerTypeCounters() *PerTypeCounters {
+	return &PerTypeCounters{m: make(map[string]*typeRow)}
+}
+
+// AddReceived increments the received counter for eventType (allocating the
+// row on first sight of a new type).
+func (c *PerTypeCounters) AddReceived(eventType string) {
+	c.row(eventType).received.Add(1)
+}
+
+// AddDropped increments the dropped counter for eventType.
+func (c *PerTypeCounters) AddDropped(eventType string) {
+	c.row(eventType).dropped.Add(1)
+}
+
+// Snapshot returns a deterministic point-in-time view, sorted by
+// event_type. Used by status RPC encoding.
+func (c *PerTypeCounters) Snapshot() map[string]transport.Counters {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	out := make(map[string]transport.Counters, len(c.m))
+	for k, row := range c.m {
+		out[k] = transport.Counters{
+			Received: row.received.Load(),
+			Dropped:  row.dropped.Load(),
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// SortedTypes returns the known event_types in deterministic order. Useful
+// for human-readable formatting (status table).
+func (c *PerTypeCounters) SortedTypes() []string {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	defer c.mu.RUnlock()
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(c.m))
+	for k := range c.m {
+		out = append(out, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(out)
+	return out
+}
+
+// DropRatePercent returns rounded (dropped / (received + dropped)) * 100
+// for the given event_type, or -1 if the type was never observed. Used by
+// the drop-rate stderr warning when crossing a configurable threshold.
+func (c *PerTypeCounters) DropRatePercent(eventType string) int {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	row, ok := c.m[eventType]
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+	if !ok {
+		return -1
+	}
+	r := row.received.Load()
+	d := row.dropped.Load()
+	total := r + d
+	if total == 0 {
+		return -1
+	}
+	return int((d * 100) / total)
+}
+
+func (c *PerTypeCounters) row(eventType string) *typeRow {
+	c.mu.RLock()
+	row, ok := c.m[eventType]
+	c.mu.RUnlock()
+	if ok {
+		return row
+	}
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	// double-check after acquiring write lock
+	if row, ok = c.m[eventType]; ok {
+		return row
+	}
+	row = &typeRow{}
+	c.m[eventType] = row
+	return row
+}

internal/event/bus/metrics_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestPerTypeCounters_BasicAdd(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewPerTypeCounters()
+	c.AddReceived("im.message.receive_v1")
+	c.AddReceived("im.message.receive_v1")
+	c.AddDropped("im.message.receive_v1")
+	c.AddReceived("approval.task")
+
+	snap := c.Snapshot()
+	if snap["im.message.receive_v1"].Received != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("im received = %d, want 2", snap["im.message.receive_v1"].Received)
+	}
+	if snap["im.message.receive_v1"].Dropped != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("im dropped = %d, want 1", snap["im.message.receive_v1"].Dropped)
+	}
+	if snap["approval.task"].Received != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("approval received = %d, want 1", snap["approval.task"].Received)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPerTypeCounters_SortedTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewPerTypeCounters()
+	for _, k := range []string{"z", "a", "m", "b"} {
+		c.AddReceived(k)
+	}
+	got := c.SortedTypes()
+	want := []string{"a", "b", "m", "z"}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("len = %d, want %d", len(got), len(want))
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("[%d] %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPerTypeCounters_DropRatePercent(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewPerTypeCounters()
+	for i := 0; i < 95; i++ {
+		c.AddReceived("a")
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		c.AddDropped("a")
+	}
+	if got := c.DropRatePercent("a"); got != 5 {
+		t.Errorf("DropRatePercent = %d, want 5", got)
+	}
+	if got := c.DropRatePercent("never-seen"); got != -1 {
+		t.Errorf("unseen DropRatePercent = %d, want -1", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPerTypeCounters_ConcurrentAddSameType(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewPerTypeCounters()
+	const N = 1000
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(N * 2)
+	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
+		go func() { defer wg.Done(); c.AddReceived("hot") }()
+		go func() { defer wg.Done(); c.AddDropped("hot") }()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	snap := c.Snapshot()
+	if snap["hot"].Received != N || snap["hot"].Dropped != N {
+		t.Fatalf("got %+v, want received=%d dropped=%d", snap["hot"], N, N)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPerTypeCounters_ConcurrentNewTypes(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewPerTypeCounters()
+	const N = 500
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(N)
+	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
+		i := i
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			c.AddReceived(string(rune('a'+(i%26))) + "_" + string(rune('a'+((i/26)%26))))
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	// Each goroutine adds exactly 1; total received across all types must be N.
+	var total uint64
+	for _, v := range c.Snapshot() {
+		total += v.Received
+	}
+	if total != N {
+		t.Fatalf("total received = %d, want %d", total, N)
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/tuning.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Tunable env vars (plan §15 已决项 — surfaced for operators without
+// requiring a new CLI flag for each knob). Each lookup is read-once at
+// bus startup; runtime changes require a bus restart.
+const (
+	EnvIdleTimeout    = "DWS_EVENT_BUS_IDLE_TIMEOUT" // Go duration, e.g. "10m"
+	EnvConsumerBuffer = "DWS_EVENT_CONSUMER_BUFFER"  // integer
+	EnvDedupLRU       = "DWS_EVENT_DEDUP_LRU"        // integer
+	EnvDropWarnPct    = "DWS_EVENT_DROP_WARN_PCT"    // integer 1-100
+)
+
+// ApplyEnvTuning fills in Config defaults from the env vars listed above
+// for any fields the caller left at zero. The cobra layer calls this after
+// constructing Config so explicit flag values still win.
+//
+// Defaults (when env is absent or invalid):
+//
+//	IdleTimeout      → 5m
+//	ConsumerBuffer   → DefaultSendBuffer
+//	DedupCapacity    → 0 (let dedup package's DefaultCapacity apply)
+//	DropWarnPercent  → DefaultDropWarnPercent
+//
+// Invalid env values (non-parseable, out of range) are silently ignored
+// and the default is used. We deliberately do NOT fail the bus on bad
+// env input — operators shouldn't lose a daemon over a typo'd env var.
+func ApplyEnvTuning(cfg *Config) {
+	if cfg.IdleTimeout == 0 {
+		if v := os.Getenv(EnvIdleTimeout); v != "" {
+			if d, err := time.ParseDuration(v); err == nil && d > 0 {
+				cfg.IdleTimeout = d
+			}
+		}
+		if cfg.IdleTimeout == 0 {
+			cfg.IdleTimeout = 5 * time.Minute
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg.ConsumerBuffer == 0 {
+		if v := os.Getenv(EnvConsumerBuffer); v != "" {
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil && n > 0 {
+				cfg.ConsumerBuffer = n
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg.DedupCapacity == 0 {
+		if v := os.Getenv(EnvDedupLRU); v != "" {
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil && n > 0 {
+				cfg.DedupCapacity = n
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg.DropWarnPercent == 0 {
+		if v := os.Getenv(EnvDropWarnPct); v != "" {
+			if n, err := strconv.Atoi(v); err == nil && n > 0 && n <= 100 {
+				cfg.DropWarnPercent = n
+			}
+		}
+		if cfg.DropWarnPercent == 0 {
+			cfg.DropWarnPercent = DefaultDropWarnPercent
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/event/bus/tuning_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package bus
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestApplyEnvTuning_DefaultsWhenAllUnset(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvIdleTimeout, "")
+	t.Setenv(EnvConsumerBuffer, "")
+	t.Setenv(EnvDedupLRU, "")
+	t.Setenv(EnvDropWarnPct, "")
+
+	cfg := Config{}
+	ApplyEnvTuning(&cfg)
+
+	if cfg.IdleTimeout != 5*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("IdleTimeout default = %s, want 5m", cfg.IdleTimeout)
+	}
+	if cfg.DropWarnPercent != DefaultDropWarnPercent {
+		t.Errorf("DropWarnPercent default = %d, want %d",
+			cfg.DropWarnPercent, DefaultDropWarnPercent)
+	}
+	// ConsumerBuffer / DedupCapacity intentionally left zero — the Hub
+	// / dedup packages apply their own defaults from that signal.
+	if cfg.ConsumerBuffer != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("ConsumerBuffer should remain 0 (Hub picks default), got %d", cfg.ConsumerBuffer)
+	}
+	if cfg.DedupCapacity != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("DedupCapacity should remain 0 (dedup picks default), got %d", cfg.DedupCapacity)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyEnvTuning_ReadsValidEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvIdleTimeout, "10m")
+	t.Setenv(EnvConsumerBuffer, "200")
+	t.Setenv(EnvDedupLRU, "16384")
+	t.Setenv(EnvDropWarnPct, "10")
+
+	cfg := Config{}
+	ApplyEnvTuning(&cfg)
+
+	if cfg.IdleTimeout != 10*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("IdleTimeout = %s, want 10m", cfg.IdleTimeout)
+	}
+	if cfg.ConsumerBuffer != 200 {
+		t.Errorf("ConsumerBuffer = %d, want 200", cfg.ConsumerBuffer)
+	}
+	if cfg.DedupCapacity != 16384 {
+		t.Errorf("DedupCapacity = %d, want 16384", cfg.DedupCapacity)
+	}
+	if cfg.DropWarnPercent != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("DropWarnPercent = %d, want 10", cfg.DropWarnPercent)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyEnvTuning_ExplicitConfigWins(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvIdleTimeout, "10m")
+	t.Setenv(EnvDropWarnPct, "20")
+
+	cfg := Config{
+		IdleTimeout:     3 * time.Minute,
+		DropWarnPercent: 7,
+	}
+	ApplyEnvTuning(&cfg)
+
+	if cfg.IdleTimeout != 3*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("explicit IdleTimeout overridden by env: %s", cfg.IdleTimeout)
+	}
+	if cfg.DropWarnPercent != 7 {
+		t.Errorf("explicit DropWarnPercent overridden by env: %d", cfg.DropWarnPercent)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyEnvTuning_IgnoresInvalidValues(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvIdleTimeout, "not-a-duration")
+	t.Setenv(EnvConsumerBuffer, "-50")
+	t.Setenv(EnvDedupLRU, "notanumber")
+	t.Setenv(EnvDropWarnPct, "150") // out of 1..100
+
+	cfg := Config{}
+	ApplyEnvTuning(&cfg)
+
+	if cfg.IdleTimeout != 5*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("invalid duration → default; got %s", cfg.IdleTimeout)
+	}
+	if cfg.ConsumerBuffer != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("negative buffer ignored → 0; got %d", cfg.ConsumerBuffer)
+	}
+	if cfg.DedupCapacity != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("non-numeric LRU ignored → 0; got %d", cfg.DedupCapacity)
+	}
+	if cfg.DropWarnPercent != DefaultDropWarnPercent {
+		t.Errorf("out-of-range pct → default; got %d", cfg.DropWarnPercent)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyEnvTuning_IdleTimeoutZeroEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(EnvIdleTimeout, "0")
+	cfg := Config{}
+	ApplyEnvTuning(&cfg)
+	// "0" is parseable but <= 0 → use default 5m, not 0 (which would mean
+	// "disabled" in the daemon — too dangerous as an env-driven default).
+	if cfg.IdleTimeout != 5*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("zero env should fall through to 5m default, got %s", cfg.IdleTimeout)
+	}
+}

internal/event/busctl/discover.go

@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+)
+
+// SpawnFunc abstracts the fork-bus operation so tests can inject a fake
+// instead of execing a real binary. Production callers pass busctl.Spawn.
+type SpawnFunc func(SpawnConfig) (pid int, err error)
+
+// DiscoverConfig describes one discover attempt. WorkDir holds bus.lock and
+// usually (on Unix) bus.sock — see dwsevent.IPCEndpoint for the short-path
+// fallback when WorkDir is too deep; the caller must mkdir it with
+// pkg/config.DirPerm beforehand.
+type DiscoverConfig struct {
+	WorkDir     string
+	IPCEndpoint string
+	ClientID    string
+	// Spawn is the fork-bus callback. Default busctl.Spawn.
+	Spawn SpawnFunc
+	// SpawnExtraArgs is forwarded to Spawn (for tests).
+	SpawnExtraArgs []string
+	// DialBackoff: initial sleep between retry dials when another process
+	// is spawning. Doubled each attempt up to DialMaxBackoff.
+	DialBackoff time.Duration
+	// DialMaxBackoff caps backoff.
+	DialMaxBackoff time.Duration
+	// DialDeadline caps total wall-clock time spent discovering.
+	DialDeadline time.Duration
+}
+
+// Default knobs. Conservative — dial is local and cheap, so retry is cheap.
+const (
+	defaultDialBackoff    = 25 * time.Millisecond
+	defaultDialMaxBackoff = 250 * time.Millisecond
+	defaultDialDeadline   = 5 * time.Second
+)
+
+// Discover returns a connected net.Conn to the bus for cfg.ClientID. If the
+// bus is not running, Discover forks a new one and waits for it to come up.
+//
+// Race-free three-step (plan §12 P3):
+//
+//  1. try dial IPC endpoint → success → done
+//  2. failed → call Spawn (fork _bus); Spawn blocks until ready pipe says
+//     'R' (or returns ErrSpawnFailed if another process won the race and
+//     our bus startup hit ErrBusy on the lock)
+//  3. dial again — should succeed; retry with backoff up to DialDeadline
+//     in case Spawn succeeded but socket bind has tiny latency
+//
+// On concurrent Discover by N processes: only one Spawn succeeds (the
+// others get ErrBusy via the bus daemon's own lock acquisition). Losers
+// fall through to the retry-dial loop in step 3 and connect to the bus
+// the winner brought up.
+func Discover(cfg DiscoverConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if cfg.WorkDir == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("busctl: WorkDir is required")
+	}
+	if cfg.IPCEndpoint == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("busctl: IPCEndpoint is required")
+	}
+	if cfg.ClientID == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("busctl: ClientID is required")
+	}
+	if cfg.Spawn == nil {
+		cfg.Spawn = Spawn
+	}
+	if cfg.DialBackoff == 0 {
+		cfg.DialBackoff = defaultDialBackoff
+	}
+	if cfg.DialMaxBackoff == 0 {
+		cfg.DialMaxBackoff = defaultDialMaxBackoff
+	}
+	if cfg.DialDeadline == 0 {
+		cfg.DialDeadline = defaultDialDeadline
+	}
+
+	// Step 1: try dial.
+	if conn, err := transport.Dial(cfg.IPCEndpoint); err == nil {
+		return conn, nil
+	}
+
+	// Step 2: ensure WorkDir, then spawn _bus.
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(cfg.WorkDir, config.DirPerm); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: mkdir workdir: %w", err)
+	}
+	_, spawnErr := cfg.Spawn(SpawnConfig{
+		ClientID:  cfg.ClientID,
+		ExtraArgs: cfg.SpawnExtraArgs,
+	})
+	if spawnErr != nil && !errors.Is(spawnErr, ErrSpawnFailed) {
+		// Hard error (couldn't even exec the child). Stop here — no bus
+		// will come up.
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: spawn bus: %w", spawnErr)
+	}
+	// spawnErr == ErrSpawnFailed → child reported it can't start, most
+	// commonly because another process already holds the lock. Either way
+	// we fall through to retry-dial — if someone else's bus IS up we'll
+	// connect to it.
+
+	// Step 3: retry dial until DialDeadline.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(cfg.DialDeadline)
+	backoff := cfg.DialBackoff
+	var lastDialErr error
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		conn, err := transport.Dial(cfg.IPCEndpoint)
+		if err == nil {
+			return conn, nil
+		}
+		lastDialErr = err
+		time.Sleep(backoff)
+		backoff *= 2
+		if backoff > cfg.DialMaxBackoff {
+			backoff = cfg.DialMaxBackoff
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: discover deadline exceeded; last dial error: %w (spawn error: %v)", lastDialErr, spawnErr)
+}
+
+// LockPath returns the canonical bus.lock path for the given working dir.
+// Centralised so consume / status / stop all agree on the location.
+func LockPath(workDir string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.lock")
+}
+
+// MetaPath returns the canonical bus.meta path.
+func MetaPath(workDir string) string {
+	return filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.meta")
+}

internal/event/busctl/discover_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func skipOnWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses Unix socket; Windows transport covered by transport_windows_test.go")
+	}
+}
+
+func shortTempDir(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "dws-busctl-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mktemp: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(dir) })
+	return dir
+}
+
+// startStubBus brings up a transport.Listener at sockPath and accepts
+// connections in a goroutine, discarding the data. Returns a closer.
+// Used as a stand-in for the real bus daemon in discover unit tests.
+func startStubBus(t *testing.T, sockPath string) func() {
+	t.Helper()
+	l, err := transport.Listen(sockPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("startStubBus listen: %v", err)
+	}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			conn, err := l.Accept()
+			if err != nil {
+				close(done)
+				return
+			}
+			go func(c net.Conn) {
+				buf := make([]byte, 256)
+				for {
+					if _, err := c.Read(buf); err != nil {
+						_ = c.Close()
+						return
+					}
+				}
+			}(conn)
+		}
+	}()
+	return func() {
+		_ = l.Close()
+		<-done
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscover_BusAlreadyRunning_DirectDial(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock")
+	closer := startStubBus(t, sock)
+	defer closer()
+
+	var spawnCalled atomic.Bool
+	fakeSpawn := func(SpawnConfig) (int, error) {
+		spawnCalled.Store(true)
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	conn, err := Discover(DiscoverConfig{
+		WorkDir:     dir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sock,
+		ClientID:    "ding_x",
+		Spawn:       fakeSpawn,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Discover: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if spawnCalled.Load() {
+		t.Fatal("Spawn must not be called when bus is already running")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscover_NoBus_SpawnSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock")
+
+	// fakeSpawn launches the stub bus *during* the spawn call to mirror
+	// the real flow (bus is up by the time spawn returns).
+	var closer func()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if closer != nil {
+			closer()
+		}
+	})
+	fakeSpawn := func(SpawnConfig) (int, error) {
+		closer = startStubBus(t, sock)
+		return 12345, nil
+	}
+
+	conn, err := Discover(DiscoverConfig{
+		WorkDir:     dir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sock,
+		ClientID:    "ding_x",
+		Spawn:       fakeSpawn,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Discover: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+}
+
+func TestDiscover_SpawnHardErrorFails(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock")
+
+	hardErr := errors.New("exec failed: not found")
+	fakeSpawn := func(SpawnConfig) (int, error) { return 0, hardErr }
+
+	_, err := Discover(DiscoverConfig{
+		WorkDir:      dir,
+		IPCEndpoint:  sock,
+		ClientID:     "ding_x",
+		Spawn:        fakeSpawn,
+		DialDeadline: 100 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Discover should fail when Spawn returns non-ErrSpawnFailed error")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, hardErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want wrap of %v", err, hardErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscover_SpawnReportsFailButPeerBusComesUp(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock")
+
+	// Simulates the race: our Spawn loses (returns ErrSpawnFailed) but
+	// during retry-dial a peer bus shows up.
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(80 * time.Millisecond)
+		closer := startStubBus(t, sock)
+		t.Cleanup(closer)
+	}()
+
+	fakeSpawn := func(SpawnConfig) (int, error) { return 0, ErrSpawnFailed }
+
+	conn, err := Discover(DiscoverConfig{
+		WorkDir:      dir,
+		IPCEndpoint:  sock,
+		ClientID:     "ding_x",
+		Spawn:        fakeSpawn,
+		DialDeadline: 2 * time.Second,
+		DialBackoff:  20 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Discover should retry-dial after ErrSpawnFailed: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+}
+
+func TestDiscover_DeadlineExceeded(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock") // never created
+
+	fakeSpawn := func(SpawnConfig) (int, error) { return 0, ErrSpawnFailed }
+	start := time.Now()
+	_, err := Discover(DiscoverConfig{
+		WorkDir:      dir,
+		IPCEndpoint:  sock,
+		ClientID:     "ding_x",
+		Spawn:        fakeSpawn,
+		DialDeadline: 150 * time.Millisecond,
+		DialBackoff:  20 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Discover should fail when bus never comes up within deadline")
+	}
+	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed < 100*time.Millisecond || elapsed > 1*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("deadline-driven exit took %s, expected ~150ms", elapsed)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDiscover_ConcurrentCallersOnlyOneSpawn(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock")
+
+	// Use a mutex-guarded one-shot Spawn that actually starts the stub bus
+	// on first call. Concurrent callers may race: the first wins (returns
+	// success), the rest see ErrSpawnFailed but still retry-dial successfully.
+	var spawnMu sync.Mutex
+	var spawnCount atomic.Int32
+	var closer func()
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if closer != nil {
+			closer()
+		}
+	})
+	fakeSpawn := func(SpawnConfig) (int, error) {
+		spawnMu.Lock()
+		defer spawnMu.Unlock()
+		spawnCount.Add(1)
+		if closer == nil {
+			closer = startStubBus(t, sock)
+			return 99, nil
+		}
+		return 0, ErrSpawnFailed
+	}
+
+	const N = 5
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errs := make(chan error, N)
+	conns := make([]net.Conn, 0, N)
+	connsMu := sync.Mutex{}
+	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			conn, err := Discover(DiscoverConfig{
+				WorkDir:      dir,
+				IPCEndpoint:  sock,
+				ClientID:     "ding_x",
+				Spawn:        fakeSpawn,
+				DialDeadline: 2 * time.Second,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				errs <- err
+				return
+			}
+			connsMu.Lock()
+			conns = append(conns, conn)
+			connsMu.Unlock()
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(errs)
+	for err := range errs {
+		t.Errorf("Discover concurrent caller: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, c := range conns {
+		_ = c.Close()
+	}
+	// Note: spawnCount can be 1..N because all goroutines fail dial first
+	// and call Spawn. The point is they all SUCCESSFULLY connected to the
+	// single bus that the first Spawn brought up.
+	if len(conns) != N {
+		t.Fatalf("only %d/%d callers got a conn", len(conns), N)
+	}
+}

internal/event/busctl/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package busctl glues the consume client to the bus daemon. It encapsulates
+// the three operations a consumer needs at startup and shutdown:
+//
+//	discover: find the running bus or fork a fresh one (race-free, plan §12
+//	          P3 "try dial → try fork lock → retry dial")
+//	spawn:    exec `dws event _bus --client-id <id>` as a detached
+//	          background process (stdio detach, setsid, ready pipe handshake)
+//	stop:     gracefully terminate the bus daemon (SIGTERM + IPC fallback)
+//
+// All three operations are short-lived helpers — they own no long-lived
+// goroutines and return whole errors to their caller.
+package busctl

internal/event/busctl/spawn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// ReadyFDEnv is the env var the spawned `event _bus` child inspects to find
+// the ready-pipe write end. The parent passes the FD number; child opens it
+// via os.NewFile(fd, "ready") and writes 'R' on success or 'E' on failure.
+// 3 is the first FD slot beyond stdio in cmd.ExtraFiles.
+const ReadyFDEnv = "DWS_EVENT_BUS_READY_FD"
+
+// ReadyTimeout caps how long Spawn waits for the child to signal readiness.
+// 10s is generous — bus startup is local-only work (file I/O + socket bind),
+// so 1s would normally suffice; the extra headroom covers cold-start
+// keychain prompts and slow CI machines.
+const ReadyTimeout = 10 * time.Second
+
+// ErrSpawnFailed is returned when the child reports startup failure via
+// the ready pipe ('E' byte). The child's exit error / log file holds the
+// actual cause; this sentinel just lets the caller distinguish "ready
+// pipe said no" from "ready pipe timed out / closed early".
+var ErrSpawnFailed = errors.New("busctl: bus child reported startup failure on ready pipe")
+
+// ErrSpawnTimeout is returned when ReadyTimeout elapses without any signal.
+var ErrSpawnTimeout = errors.New("busctl: bus child did not signal readiness within deadline")
+
+// SpawnConfig describes one spawn attempt. ClientID is the only field
+// inspected by the child; the rest govern process attributes the parent
+// applies before exec.
+type SpawnConfig struct {
+	// ExecPath is the dws binary to exec. Default os.Executable().
+	ExecPath string
+
+	// ClientID is passed as `--client-id` to `dws event _bus`. Required.
+	ClientID string
+
+	// ExtraArgs are appended after `--client-id`. Empty for normal use; tests
+	// pass `--extra-flag-for-test` etc.
+	ExtraArgs []string
+
+	// Env to pass to the child. Defaults to os.Environ(). The ReadyFDEnv
+	// entry is appended automatically.
+	Env []string
+}
+
+// Spawn forks a detached `dws event _bus --client-id <id>` child process and
+// waits for it to signal readiness via the ready pipe. Returns the child's
+// PID on success — the caller can then dial the bus IPC endpoint.
+//
+// stdio detach (plan invariant #7):
+//   - cmd.Stdout / cmd.Stderr set to nil so the child's own writes don't
+//     pollute the parent's NDJSON stream
+//   - Setsid on Unix so the child survives parent SIGHUP / parent exit
+//   - CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP on Windows (set in spawn_windows.go)
+//
+// Child startup (handled by the eventcmd._bus handler, P6):
+//   - Opens os.NewFile(<DWS_EVENT_BUS_READY_FD>, "ready")
+//   - On startup success → writes 'R' and closes
+//   - On startup failure  → writes 'E' and closes (child exits)
+//
+// Parent (this function):
+//   - Holds the read end open until either 1 byte is read or ReadyTimeout
+//   - Returns ErrSpawnFailed for 'E', ErrSpawnTimeout otherwise
+func Spawn(cfg SpawnConfig) (pid int, err error) {
+	if cfg.ClientID == "" {
+		return 0, errors.New("busctl: SpawnConfig.ClientID is required")
+	}
+	if cfg.ExecPath == "" {
+		execPath, err := os.Executable()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("busctl: locate executable: %w", err)
+		}
+		cfg.ExecPath = execPath
+	}
+	if cfg.Env == nil {
+		cfg.Env = os.Environ()
+	}
+
+	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("busctl: pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer pr.Close()
+	// pw is passed to the child; close in parent after Start so only the
+	// child holds the write end (so reads return EOF if child dies before
+	// signalling, helping us distinguish death from slow startup).
+
+	args := append([]string{"event", "_bus", "--client-id", cfg.ClientID}, cfg.ExtraArgs...)
+	cmd := exec.Command(cfg.ExecPath, args...)
+	cmd.Env = append(cfg.Env, ReadyFDEnv+"=3")
+	cmd.ExtraFiles = []*os.File{pw} // child sees fd 3 = pw
+	cmd.Stdin = nil
+	cmd.Stdout = nil
+	cmd.Stderr = nil
+	applyDetach(cmd) // platform-specific Setsid / new process group
+
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		_ = pw.Close()
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("busctl: start %s: %w", cfg.ExecPath, err)
+	}
+	pid = cmd.Process.Pid
+
+	// Close parent's copy of the write end immediately. Now only the child
+	// holds it; reading on pr will return EOF when the child exits without
+	// signalling, instead of blocking forever.
+	_ = pw.Close()
+
+	// The detached child owns its own process group. Wait in the background to
+	// release its process resources; the caller only retains the numeric PID.
+	go func() { _ = cmd.Wait() }()
+
+	// Wait for ready byte.
+	if err := waitReady(pr); err != nil {
+		return pid, err
+	}
+	return pid, nil
+}
+
+// waitReady reads exactly one byte from pr ('R' or 'E') within ReadyTimeout.
+// pr is closed by the caller on return.
+func waitReady(pr *os.File) error {
+	type result struct {
+		b   byte
+		err error
+	}
+	done := make(chan result, 1)
+	go func() {
+		buf := make([]byte, 1)
+		n, err := io.ReadFull(pr, buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			done <- result{err: err}
+			return
+		}
+		if n != 1 {
+			done <- result{err: io.ErrUnexpectedEOF}
+			return
+		}
+		done <- result{b: buf[0]}
+	}()
+	select {
+	case res := <-done:
+		if res.err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(res.err, io.EOF) || errors.Is(res.err, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF) {
+				return ErrSpawnFailed // child closed pipe without writing
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("busctl: read ready pipe: %w", res.err)
+		}
+		switch res.b {
+		case 'R':
+			return nil
+		case 'E':
+			return ErrSpawnFailed
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("busctl: unexpected ready byte %q", res.b)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(ReadyTimeout):
+		return ErrSpawnTimeout
+	}
+}
+
+// ReadyFDFromEnv returns the inherited ready pipe (or nil if not set). The
+// `event _bus` command handler calls this at startup, passes the returned
+// *os.File to bus.Run as Config.ReadyPipe, and the bus signals readiness
+// through it.
+func ReadyFDFromEnv() *os.File {
+	v := os.Getenv(ReadyFDEnv)
+	if v == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fd, err := strconv.Atoi(v)
+	if err != nil || fd < 3 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return os.NewFile(uintptr(fd), "dws-bus-ready")
+}

internal/event/busctl/spawn_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Test child mode: when DWS_BUSCTL_TEST_CHILD is set, this test binary
+// acts as a fake "dws event _bus" child. It reads ReadyFDFromEnv, writes
+// the byte specified by the env var, and either exits or sleeps based on
+// the second env var. Used by the Spawn tests below to exercise the
+// real fork path without requiring a separate test-helper binary.
+//
+// We piggy-back on the test binary because building a separate helper
+// would require either build tags or a `TestMain` two-phase exec; the
+// env-marker pattern is what Go's own os/exec tests use and stays
+// confined to this file.
+const (
+	childEnvMarker = "DWS_BUSCTL_TEST_CHILD"
+	// values:
+	//   "ready"        — write 'R' then sleep 30s (parent should see ready)
+	//   "fail"         — write 'E' then exit (parent should see ErrSpawnFailed)
+	//   "silent"       — exit without writing (parent should see ErrSpawnFailed via EOF)
+	//   "stall"        — sleep without writing (parent should see ErrSpawnTimeout)
+	//   "write-stdout" — write 'R' to ready FD AND to stdout (parent verifies stdout was detached)
+)
+
+// TestMain detects the child mode marker and executes the corresponding
+// behaviour before delegating to the normal test runner. Production
+// invocations never have this env var set so the dispatch is a no-op.
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	switch os.Getenv(childEnvMarker) {
+	case "ready":
+		writeReady('R')
+		time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+		os.Exit(0)
+	case "fail":
+		writeReady('E')
+		os.Exit(1)
+	case "silent":
+		// don't open the ready FD at all — let the pipe close on exec exit
+		os.Exit(2)
+	case "stall":
+		time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+		os.Exit(0)
+	case "write-stdout":
+		// Write to stdout BEFORE signalling ready. Parent's Spawn should
+		// have detached stdout to /dev/null, so the parent's stdout
+		// buffer (captured separately in the test) must NOT see this.
+		_, _ = os.Stdout.Write([]byte("POLLUTION-FROM-CHILD\n"))
+		writeReady('R')
+		time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}
+
+func writeReady(b byte) {
+	pipe := ReadyFDFromEnv()
+	if pipe == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	_, _ = pipe.Write([]byte{b})
+	_ = pipe.Close()
+}
+
+// spawnWithMarker invokes Spawn against the current test binary with a
+// child-mode env var set. Returns the child's PID + the Spawn error.
+func spawnWithMarker(t *testing.T, marker string, opts ...func(*SpawnConfig)) (int, error) {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg := SpawnConfig{
+		ExecPath: os.Args[0],
+		ClientID: "ding_spawn_test",
+		Env: append(os.Environ(),
+			childEnvMarker+"="+marker,
+		),
+	}
+	for _, o := range opts {
+		o(&cfg)
+	}
+	return Spawn(cfg)
+}
+
+func TestSpawn_ReadySuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Spawn uses Unix Setsid; Windows path covered separately")
+	}
+	pid, err := spawnWithMarker(t, "ready")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Spawn ready: %v", err)
+	}
+	if pid <= 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Spawn returned non-positive pid %d", pid)
+	}
+	// Reap the child so it doesn't outlive the test.
+	if proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid); err == nil {
+		_ = proc.Kill()
+		_, _ = proc.Wait()
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpawn_ReadyFailReportsErrSpawnFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Spawn uses Unix Setsid")
+	}
+	pid, err := spawnWithMarker(t, "fail")
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrSpawnFailed) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrSpawnFailed", err)
+	}
+	if pid <= 0 {
+		t.Errorf("pid should still be reported even on fail, got %d", pid)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpawn_ChildSilentExitReportsErrSpawnFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Spawn uses Unix Setsid")
+	}
+	_, err := spawnWithMarker(t, "silent")
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrSpawnFailed) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrSpawnFailed (EOF on pipe)", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpawn_StallReportsTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Spawn uses Unix Setsid")
+	}
+	// Temporarily shorten ReadyTimeout via a local Spawn variant. The
+	// production timeout is 10s — too long for a unit test. We exec
+	// manually with a tiny io-wait wrapper to verify the behaviour.
+	//
+	// We can't change the package-level const, so we re-implement the
+	// timeout part directly using the same primitives the production
+	// code uses.
+	cmd := exec.Command(os.Args[0])
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), childEnvMarker+"=stall", ReadyFDEnv+"=3")
+	pr, pw, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cmd.ExtraFiles = []*os.File{pw}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+	}()
+	_ = pw.Close()
+
+	// Replicate waitReady with a tiny timeout.
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		b := make([]byte, 1)
+		_, err := pr.Read(b)
+		done <- err
+	}()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+		t.Fatal("child should have stalled; got data on ready pipe")
+	case <-time.After(200 * time.Millisecond):
+		// expected — child is stalling, no ready byte arrived
+	}
+	_ = pr.Close()
+}
+
+func TestSpawn_StdioDetached(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("Spawn uses Unix Setsid; Windows stdio handling differs")
+	}
+	// Capture this process's stdout for the duration of the child run.
+	// If applyDetach is broken and cmd.Stdout would otherwise inherit,
+	// the child's "POLLUTION-FROM-CHILD" line would land in our pipe.
+	origStdout := os.Stdout
+	r, w, err := os.Pipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	os.Stdout = w
+	defer func() {
+		os.Stdout = origStdout
+		_ = w.Close()
+		_ = r.Close()
+	}()
+
+	pid, err := spawnWithMarker(t, "write-stdout")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Spawn: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid); err == nil {
+			_ = proc.Kill()
+			_, _ = proc.Wait()
+		}
+	}()
+	// Close the write end on the parent side so reading r will EOF if
+	// nothing arrived. Give the child a beat to attempt the write.
+	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	_ = w.Close()
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 256)
+	r.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(500 * time.Millisecond))
+	n, _ := r.Read(buf)
+	if n > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("child wrote %q to parent's stdout — stdio not detached!", buf[:n])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadyFDFromEnv_NoEnvReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(ReadyFDEnv, "")
+	if f := ReadyFDFromEnv(); f != nil {
+		t.Errorf("ReadyFDFromEnv with empty env should be nil, got %v", f)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadyFDFromEnv_InvalidIntReturnsNil(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv(ReadyFDEnv, "not-an-int")
+	if f := ReadyFDFromEnv(); f != nil {
+		t.Errorf("ReadyFDFromEnv with bad value should be nil, got %v", f)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReadyFDFromEnv_LowFDRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	// fd 0/1/2 are stdio — refusing them defends against accidental
+	// stdin/stdout/stderr corruption if someone misconfigures.
+	t.Setenv(ReadyFDEnv, "1")
+	if f := ReadyFDFromEnv(); f != nil {
+		t.Errorf("ReadyFDFromEnv should reject stdio fds, got %v", f)
+	}
+}

internal/event/busctl/spawn_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// applyDetach configures the child to live past parent death and not share
+// the parent's controlling terminal. Setsid puts the child in a new
+// session, so SIGHUP on the parent's controlling tty (e.g. SSH disconnect)
+// does not propagate. Setpgid is implied by Setsid.
+func applyDetach(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Setsid: true,
+	}
+}

internal/event/busctl/spawn_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP (0x00000200) prevents the child from receiving
+// the parent's Ctrl+C signal, similar in spirit to Setsid on Unix.
+const createNewProcessGroup = 0x00000200
+
+func applyDetach(cmd *exec.Cmd) {
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		CreationFlags: createNewProcessGroup,
+		HideWindow:    true,
+	}
+}

internal/event/busctl/status.go

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/process"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// BusEntryState classifies a discovered bus directory's runtime state.
+// Used by `dws event status/list` to render the table and by
+// --fail-on-orphan to drive exit code.
+type BusEntryState string
+
+const (
+	// BusStateRunning: bus.lock holds an alive PID — the daemon is up.
+	BusStateRunning BusEntryState = "running"
+	// BusStateOrphan: bus.meta exists but bus.lock PID is dead. The user
+	// should `dws event stop --client-id <id>` (which detects the dead
+	// PID and unblocks fresh starts) or rm -rf the working directory.
+	BusStateOrphan BusEntryState = "orphan"
+	// BusStateNotRunning: directory exists (e.g. bus.meta retained for
+	// historic reasons) but bus.lock is missing or empty. Clean state.
+	BusStateNotRunning BusEntryState = "not_running"
+)
+
+// BusEntry is one bus working directory found on disk plus its detected
+// lifecycle state. EnumerateBuses produces these; the cobra layer joins
+// them with QueryStatus output to render the full status view.
+type BusEntry struct {
+	WorkDir      string              `json:"workdir"`
+	Edition      string              `json:"edition"`
+	SourceKind   dwsevent.SourceKind `json:"source_kind,omitempty"`
+	ClientIDHash string              `json:"client_id_hash"`
+	IdentityHash string              `json:"identity_hash,omitempty"`
+	HolderPID    int                 `json:"holder_pid"`
+	State        BusEntryState       `json:"state"`
+	// Meta, if non-nil, lets list/status display the original ClientID
+	// (reverse-mapped from the hash) and the bus start time.
+	Meta *bus.Meta `json:"meta,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// IPCEndpoint returns the IPC endpoint for this entry. Delegates to
+// dwsevent.IPCEndpoint so status/stop dial exactly where consume and the
+// bus daemon bound (including the short-path fallback when WorkDir is too
+// deep for sun_path).
+func (e BusEntry) IPCEndpoint() string {
+	hash := e.ClientIDHash
+	if e.IdentityHash != "" {
+		hash = e.IdentityHash
+	}
+	return dwsevent.IPCEndpoint(e.WorkDir, e.Edition, e.SourceKind, hash)
+}
+
+// EnumerateBuses scans <configDir>/events/<editionFilter>/*/ for bus
+// working directories. An empty editionFilter scans every edition
+// directory found under events/.
+//
+// Returns a deterministic slice sorted by (edition, source_kind, identity_hash).
+// Missing/inaccessible directories are skipped silently — list/status
+// commands should still succeed when only some editions have ever run a
+// bus.
+func EnumerateBuses(configDir string, editionFilter string) ([]BusEntry, error) {
+	root := filepath.Join(configDir, "events")
+	editions, err := listSubdirs(root)
+	if err != nil {
+		// events/ might not exist if no bus ever ran — that's fine,
+		// surface an empty list rather than an error.
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return nil, nil
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: scan events dir: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var out []BusEntry
+	for _, ed := range editions {
+		if editionFilter != "" && ed != editionFilter {
+			continue
+		}
+		editionDir := filepath.Join(root, ed)
+		hashDirs, err := listSubdirs(editionDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, h := range hashDirs {
+			candidate := filepath.Join(editionDir, h)
+			if isSourceKindDir(h) {
+				identityDirs, err := listSubdirs(candidate)
+				if err != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+				for _, ih := range identityDirs {
+					workDir := filepath.Join(candidate, ih)
+					out = append(out, inspectEntry(workDir, ed, h, ih))
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			// Legacy v1 app-stream layout: events/<edition>/<client_hash>.
+			out = append(out, inspectEntry(candidate, ed, "", h))
+		}
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out, func(i, j int) bool {
+		if out[i].Edition != out[j].Edition {
+			return out[i].Edition < out[j].Edition
+		}
+		if out[i].SourceKind != out[j].SourceKind {
+			return out[i].SourceKind < out[j].SourceKind
+		}
+		return out[i].IdentityHash < out[j].IdentityHash
+	})
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// FindBusByClientID is the "current ClientID" lookup used by `event status`
+// (no --all). Returns the entry for the given (edition, clientIDHash) pair
+// or nil if no bus has ever started for it. The caller derives the hash
+// using event.ClientIDHash.
+func FindBusByClientID(configDir, editionName, clientIDHash string) *BusEntry {
+	workDir := filepath.Join(configDir, "events", editionName, string(dwsevent.SourceKindAppStream), clientIDHash)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(workDir); err != nil {
+		legacy := filepath.Join(configDir, "events", editionName, clientIDHash)
+		if _, legacyErr := os.Stat(legacy); legacyErr != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		workDir = legacy
+	}
+	e := inspectEntry(workDir, editionName, string(dwsevent.SourceKindAppStream), clientIDHash)
+	return &e
+}
+
+// FindBusByIdentity looks up a bus in the source-kind-aware layout.
+func FindBusByIdentity(configDir, editionName string, sourceKind dwsevent.SourceKind, identityHash string) *BusEntry {
+	if sourceKind == "" {
+		sourceKind = dwsevent.SourceKindAppStream
+	}
+	workDir := filepath.Join(configDir, "events", editionName, string(sourceKind), identityHash)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(workDir); err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	e := inspectEntry(workDir, editionName, string(sourceKind), identityHash)
+	return &e
+}
+
+// listSubdirs returns immediate subdirectories of path, by basename. Ignores
+// regular files. Returns the err from ReadDir unchanged (callers handle
+// os.IsNotExist).
+func listSubdirs(path string) ([]string, error) {
+	ents, err := os.ReadDir(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(ents))
+	for _, e := range ents {
+		if e.IsDir() {
+			out = append(out, e.Name())
+		}
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// inspectEntry reads bus.meta + bus.lock and derives the lifecycle state.
+// Never returns an error: any read failure folds into BusStateNotRunning.
+func inspectEntry(workDir, editionName, sourceKindRaw, identityHash string) BusEntry {
+	sourceKind := dwsevent.SourceKind(sourceKindRaw)
+	if sourceKind == "" {
+		sourceKind = dwsevent.SourceKindAppStream
+	}
+	e := BusEntry{
+		WorkDir:      workDir,
+		Edition:      editionName,
+		SourceKind:   sourceKind,
+		ClientIDHash: identityHash,
+		IdentityHash: identityHash,
+		State:        BusStateNotRunning,
+	}
+	if m, err := bus.ReadMeta(workDir); err == nil {
+		e.Meta = m
+		if m.SourceKind != "" {
+			e.SourceKind = m.SourceKind
+		}
+		if m.IdentityHash != "" {
+			e.IdentityHash = m.IdentityHash
+			e.ClientIDHash = m.IdentityHash
+		}
+	}
+	pid := bus.ReadHolderPID(filepath.Join(workDir, bus.LockFileName))
+	e.HolderPID = pid
+	switch {
+	case pid > 0 && process.Alive(pid):
+		e.State = BusStateRunning
+	case pid > 0 && !process.Alive(pid):
+		e.State = BusStateOrphan
+	case pid == 0 && e.Meta != nil:
+		// meta retained but lock cleared — bus exited cleanly. Render as
+		// not_running (with the historical meta visible if the user asked
+		// for --format json).
+		e.State = BusStateNotRunning
+	}
+	return e
+}
+
+func isSourceKindDir(name string) bool {
+	return name == string(dwsevent.SourceKindAppStream) || name == string(dwsevent.SourceKindPersonalStream)
+}
+
+// DefaultStatusRPCTimeout caps how long QueryStatus waits for the bus to
+// reply. 2s is generous — the bus's status_resp is a synchronous
+// in-memory snapshot, sub-millisecond in practice; the timeout exists
+// only to bound pathological cases (bus stuck in shutdown).
+const DefaultStatusRPCTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+
+// QueryStatus dials the bus IPC, sends Hello with Role=status, sends a
+// StatusReq, reads exactly one StatusResp, and closes. Returns the
+// decoded response or an error if any step fails.
+//
+// Used by `dws event status` and `dws event list` to fetch live
+// per-consumer / per-event-type counters. The bus's handleStatusRPC
+// path (see internal/event/bus/daemon.go) handles this connection
+// without registering with the Hub — ad-hoc tooling does not count as
+// a consumer in `status.active_consumers`.
+func QueryStatus(endpoint string) (*transport.StatusResp, error) {
+	conn, err := transport.Dial(endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: dial bus for status: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(DefaultStatusRPCTimeout))
+
+	w := transport.NewWriter(conn)
+	r := transport.NewReader(conn)
+
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(transport.Hello{
+		Type:        transport.FrameTypeHello,
+		ConsumerPID: os.Getpid(),
+		Role:        transport.HelloRoleStatus,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: write hello: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(transport.StatusReq{Type: transport.FrameTypeStatusReq}); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: write status_req: %w", err)
+	}
+	var resp transport.StatusResp
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&resp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("busctl: read status_resp: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &resp, nil
+}
+
+// EntryStatus combines static FS info (BusEntry) with the live RPC
+// snapshot (StatusResp). For not_running / orphan entries Live is nil.
+type EntryStatus struct {
+	Entry BusEntry              `json:"entry"`
+	Live  *transport.StatusResp `json:"live,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// QueryEntry fetches the live status for one BusEntry. Returns the entry
+// wrapped with a nil Live when state != running (or when the dial fails).
+// Errors from QueryStatus are folded into Live=nil so the caller's table
+// rendering does not need to surface per-bus dial failures (they are
+// already conveyed by State).
+func QueryEntry(entry BusEntry) EntryStatus {
+	out := EntryStatus{Entry: entry}
+	if entry.State != BusStateRunning {
+		return out
+	}
+	live, err := QueryStatus(entry.IPCEndpoint())
+	if err == nil {
+		out.Live = live
+	}
+	return out
+}

internal/event/busctl/status_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+)
+
+func TestEnumerateBuses_EmptyConfigDir(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	got, err := EnumerateBuses(dir, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("err: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected nil for empty configDir, got %v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// makeBusDir creates events/<edition>/<hash>/ with optional meta + lock
+// content. Returns the path.
+func makeBusDir(t *testing.T, configDir, ed, hash string, withMeta bool, lockPID int) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	workDir := filepath.Join(configDir, "events", ed, hash)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(workDir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if withMeta {
+		shortHash := hash
+		if len(shortHash) > 8 {
+			shortHash = shortHash[:8]
+		}
+		if err := bus.WriteMeta(workDir, bus.Meta{
+			ClientID:  "ding_" + shortHash,
+			Edition:   ed,
+			StartedAt: time.Now().UTC(),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if lockPID != 0 {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(workDir, bus.LockFileName),
+			[]byte(strconv.Itoa(lockPID)+"\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	return workDir
+}
+
+func TestEnumerateBuses_DetectsRunningOrphanNotRunning(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "open", "aaaa1111", true, os.Getpid())   // running (self pid)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "open", "bbbb2222", true, 2147483646)    // orphan (dead pid)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "open", "cccc3333", true, 0)             // not_running (meta only, no lock content)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "wukong", "dddd4444", true, os.Getpid()) // running, different edition
+
+	all, err := EnumerateBuses(dir, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("EnumerateBuses all: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(all) != 4 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 4 entries, got %d: %+v", len(all), all)
+	}
+
+	// Filter by edition.
+	openOnly, err := EnumerateBuses(dir, "open")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(openOnly) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 open-edition entries, got %d", len(openOnly))
+	}
+	for _, e := range openOnly {
+		if e.Edition != "open" {
+			t.Errorf("editionFilter leak: %+v", e)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// State classification (in the all-editions slice the entries are
+	// sorted by edition,hash so we can index deterministically).
+	byHash := map[string]BusEntry{}
+	for _, e := range all {
+		byHash[e.ClientIDHash] = e
+	}
+	if got := byHash["aaaa1111"].State; got != BusStateRunning {
+		t.Errorf("aaaa1111 state = %s, want running", got)
+	}
+	if got := byHash["bbbb2222"].State; got != BusStateOrphan {
+		t.Errorf("bbbb2222 state = %s, want orphan", got)
+	}
+	if got := byHash["cccc3333"].State; got != BusStateNotRunning {
+		t.Errorf("cccc3333 state = %s, want not_running", got)
+	}
+	if got := byHash["dddd4444"].State; got != BusStateRunning {
+		t.Errorf("dddd4444 state = %s, want running", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEnumerateBuses_SortedDeterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "open", "zzzz", true, 0)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "open", "aaaa", true, 0)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "wukong", "bbbb", true, 0)
+	got, _ := EnumerateBuses(dir, "")
+	if len(got) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("got %d entries", len(got))
+	}
+	// expected order: open/aaaa, open/zzzz, wukong/bbbb
+	if got[0].ClientIDHash != "aaaa" || got[1].ClientIDHash != "zzzz" || got[2].ClientIDHash != "bbbb" {
+		t.Fatalf("sort order wrong:\n  %+v\n  %+v\n  %+v", got[0], got[1], got[2])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindBusByClientID(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	makeBusDir(t, dir, "open", "aaaa", true, os.Getpid())
+	if e := FindBusByClientID(dir, "open", "aaaa"); e == nil {
+		t.Fatal("FindBusByClientID returned nil for existing entry")
+	} else if e.State != BusStateRunning {
+		t.Errorf("State = %s, want running", e.State)
+	}
+	if e := FindBusByClientID(dir, "open", "missing"); e != nil {
+		t.Errorf("missing entry should return nil, got %+v", e)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestQueryStatus_RealBusE2E(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	// Bring up a real bus daemon, then query it.
+	workDir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	runDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		runDone <- bus.Run(ctx, bus.Config{
+			WorkDir:     workDir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test_query",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      &fakeSrc{},
+		})
+	}()
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+	waitForSocket(t, sock, 2*time.Second)
+
+	resp, err := QueryStatus(sock)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("QueryStatus: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp.Bus.ClientID != "ding_test_query" {
+		t.Errorf("ClientID round-trip = %q", resp.Bus.ClientID)
+	}
+	if resp.Bus.Edition != "open" {
+		t.Errorf("Edition = %q", resp.Bus.Edition)
+	}
+	if resp.Bus.PID != os.Getpid() {
+		t.Errorf("Bus.PID = %d, want %d", resp.Bus.PID, os.Getpid())
+	}
+}
+
+// fakeSrc is a no-op SourceAdapter used by QueryStatus E2E. It just
+// blocks on ctx so the bus daemon stays up long enough for the test to
+// dial it.
+type fakeSrc struct{}
+
+func (fakeSrc) Start(ctx context.Context, _ dwsevent.EmitFn) error {
+	<-ctx.Done()
+	return ctx.Err()
+}
+
+// waitForSocket polls for the unix socket file. Reused by tests that
+// need to dial a freshly-spawned bus.
+func waitForSocket(t *testing.T, path string, timeout time.Duration) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("socket %q did not appear within %s", path, timeout)
+}

internal/event/busctl/stop.go

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/process"
+)
+
+// DefaultStopTimeout is the wall-clock budget Stop waits for the bus to
+// exit after the signal is sent. 5s covers the bus's own graceful tear-down
+// (broadcast Bye → consumer goroutines drain → cleanup) with margin.
+const DefaultStopTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+// ErrNotRunning indicates bus.lock either does not exist or its recorded
+// PID is not alive. Stop returns this as a sentinel so the caller can
+// distinguish "nothing to stop" from "failed to stop".
+var ErrNotRunning = errors.New("busctl: bus is not running")
+
+// StopConfig identifies the target bus and tunes timing.
+type StopConfig struct {
+	// WorkDir holds bus.lock; Stop reads the PID from there.
+	WorkDir string
+	// Timeout is the total wall-clock budget for graceful exit. After this,
+	// Stop returns an error; it does NOT escalate to SIGKILL — leave that
+	// to the operator.
+	Timeout time.Duration
+}
+
+// Stop signals the bus daemon for cfg.WorkDir to exit gracefully and waits
+// for the process to actually die. Returns ErrNotRunning if no bus is
+// running for that work dir.
+//
+// Implementation note: on Unix we send SIGTERM. The bus daemon's Run loop
+// watches its parent ctx for cancellation; the cobra `event _bus` command
+// wires signal.NotifyContext so SIGTERM triggers ctx.Done() → graceful
+// shutdown path. On Windows we use os.Process.Signal(os.Interrupt) which
+// the Go runtime maps to TerminateProcess for processes outside our
+// console group; for v1 that's acceptable (Windows graceful shutdown is
+// future work — plan §16 v2).
+func Stop(cfg StopConfig) error {
+	if cfg.WorkDir == "" {
+		return errors.New("busctl: StopConfig.WorkDir is required")
+	}
+	if cfg.Timeout == 0 {
+		cfg.Timeout = DefaultStopTimeout
+	}
+
+	pid := bus.ReadHolderPID(LockPath(cfg.WorkDir))
+	if pid <= 0 {
+		return ErrNotRunning
+	}
+	if !process.Alive(pid) {
+		return ErrNotRunning
+	}
+
+	proc, err := os.FindProcess(pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("busctl: find process %d: %w", pid, err)
+	}
+	if err := proc.Signal(stopSignal()); err != nil {
+		// On many Unix platforms Signal returns "process already finished"
+		// when the bus has just exited on its own — treat that as success.
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrProcessDone) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("busctl: signal bus pid=%d: %w", pid, err)
+	}
+
+	// Poll for actual exit.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(cfg.Timeout)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if !process.Alive(pid) {
+			return nil
+		}
+		time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("busctl: bus pid=%d did not exit within %s", pid, cfg.Timeout)
+}

internal/event/busctl/stop_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+)
+
+func TestStop_NotRunningWhenLockMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	err := Stop(StopConfig{WorkDir: dir})
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrNotRunning) {
+		t.Fatalf("Stop on missing lock = %v, want ErrNotRunning", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStop_NotRunningWhenPIDDead(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	// Write a definitely-dead PID into bus.lock.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(LockPath(dir), []byte("2147483646\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := Stop(StopConfig{WorkDir: dir})
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrNotRunning) {
+		t.Fatalf("Stop on dead PID = %v, want ErrNotRunning", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStop_SignalsLiveProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+
+	// Spawn `sleep 10` to act as the "bus daemon".
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(context.Background(), "sh", "-c", "sleep 10")
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start sleep child: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		// Best-effort cleanup if test fails.
+		if cmd.ProcessState == nil {
+			_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+			_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+		}
+	}()
+	pid := cmd.Process.Pid
+
+	// Reap the child in background so Wait doesn't leave a zombie.
+	waited := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { waited <- cmd.Wait() }()
+
+	// Write PID into bus.lock.
+	if err := os.WriteFile(LockPath(dir), []byte(strconv.Itoa(pid)+"\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Stop should signal SIGTERM and observe the process exit.
+	start := time.Now()
+	if err := Stop(StopConfig{WorkDir: dir, Timeout: 3 * time.Second}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Stop: %v", err)
+	}
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+
+	// sleep should react to SIGTERM almost immediately.
+	if elapsed > 2*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("Stop took %s, expected <2s for SIGTERM-responsive child", elapsed)
+	}
+
+	// Confirm the child actually exited.
+	select {
+	case err := <-waited:
+		// sh -c "sleep 10" exits with non-zero on signal; either is fine.
+		_ = err
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("child did not exit after Stop")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStop_TimeoutWhenChildIgnoresSignal ensures Stop honours its deadline
+// and returns a useful error instead of hanging forever.
+func TestStop_TimeoutWhenChildIgnoresSignal(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+
+	// shell that traps SIGTERM and ignores it for a long time
+	cmd := exec.Command("sh", "-c", "trap '' TERM; sleep 30")
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start trap child: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = cmd.Process.Kill()
+		_, _ = cmd.Process.Wait()
+	}()
+	pid := cmd.Process.Pid
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(LockPath(dir), []byte(strconv.Itoa(pid)+"\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	err := Stop(StopConfig{WorkDir: dir, Timeout: 250 * time.Millisecond})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Stop should error when child ignores SIGTERM")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestStop_RealBusGracefulShutdown is the integration sanity check: bring
+// up a real bus.Run instance, set bus.lock content to its PID, call Stop,
+// and verify Run returned cleanly (via ctx done propagation in the test).
+//
+// NOTE: bus.Run installs its own ctx handler from the caller's ctx; here
+// we don't have signal.NotifyContext (we're running in-process), so Stop's
+// SIGTERM won't reach bus.Run unless we install a signal handler. Instead,
+// we test the underlying primitives: PID-read, signal-send, alive-poll.
+func TestStop_BusLockPathHelper(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	got := LockPath(dir)
+	want := filepath.Join(dir, bus.LockFileName)
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("LockPath = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}

internal/event/busctl/stop_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package busctl
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// stopSignal returns the graceful-shutdown signal for Unix (SIGTERM). The
+// `event _bus` command wires signal.NotifyContext on SIGINT/SIGTERM so
+// the daemon's Run sees ctx.Done() and runs its shutdown sequence.
+func stopSignal() os.Signal { return syscall.SIGTERM }

internal/event/busctl/stop_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package busctl
+
+import "os"
+
+// stopSignal returns the graceful-shutdown signal for Windows. The Go
+// runtime maps os.Interrupt to TerminateProcess for non-console-group
+// processes — not truly graceful, but acceptable for v1 (Windows graceful
+// shutdown via Ctrl+Break is in the v2 backlog, plan §16).
+func stopSignal() os.Signal { return os.Interrupt }

internal/event/consume/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package consume implements the consumer-side process of `dws event
+// consume`: dial the bus, send Hello, read Event frames, format them, and
+// write them out (stdout / file / dir). v1 (P3) implements the minimal
+// path — NDJSON to stdout. P4 adds filter/format/route/compact pipeline.
+package consume

internal/event/consume/duration_flag_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+)
+
+// TestRun_DurationExitsCleanly verifies that --duration triggers a
+// graceful exit (nil return, no error surfaced) and does so within a
+// small multiple of the requested duration. The contract: --duration
+// is a wall-clock budget, not an "abort" — Run wraps the caller's ctx
+// with WithTimeout and returns nil rather than DeadlineExceeded so the
+// exit code stays 0.
+func TestRun_DurationExitsCleanly(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, nil)
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+	close(trigger) // no events to fire — Run will exit on duration alone
+
+	duration := 200 * time.Millisecond
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := Run(context.Background(), Config{
+		WorkDir:     dir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sock,
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Stdout:      io.Discard,
+		Stderr:      io.Discard,
+		Duration:    duration,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run with --duration should exit nil, got %v", err)
+	}
+	elapsed := time.Since(start)
+	if elapsed < duration {
+		t.Errorf("Run returned before duration elapsed: %s < %s", elapsed, duration)
+	}
+	if elapsed > duration+2*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("Run took %s, much longer than duration %s", elapsed, duration)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRun_DurationZeroMeansUnlimited verifies the documented "0 = no
+// limit" semantic of --duration. We start with a small parent-ctx
+// timeout to bound the test runtime; Run should respect that ctx
+// instead of having its own (zero) duration trigger.
+func TestRun_DurationZeroMeansUnlimited(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, nil)
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+	close(trigger)
+
+	ctx, ctxCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 150*time.Millisecond)
+	defer ctxCancel()
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := Run(ctx, Config{
+		WorkDir:     dir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sock,
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Stdout:      io.Discard,
+		Stderr:      io.Discard,
+		Duration:    0, // explicitly unlimited
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run with --duration=0 should exit nil (ctx cancel), got %v", err)
+	}
+	// Run should respect the parent ctx — not Duration. So it returns
+	// at roughly the ctx deadline.
+	if elapsed := time.Since(start); elapsed < 100*time.Millisecond {
+		t.Errorf("Run returned too quickly (%s); --duration=0 should defer to parent ctx", elapsed)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRun_DryRunPrintsConfigAndExits verifies --dry-run is end-to-end
+// observable: Run never dials the bus (so even with a bogus IPC endpoint
+// it returns nil) and writes the config block to Stderr.
+func TestRun_DryRunDoesNotDial(t *testing.T) {
+	// We deliberately give a non-existent endpoint to prove Run does
+	// not try to dial.
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	bogusSock := filepath.Join(dir, "no-such.sock")
+	err := Run(context.Background(), Config{
+		WorkDir:     dir,
+		IPCEndpoint: bogusSock,
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Stdout:      io.Discard,
+		Stderr:      io.Discard,
+		DryRun:      true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("DryRun should bypass dial and return nil, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// Sanity check that bus.ApplyEnvTuning is wired the same way Run reads
+// from Config.Duration — both should be additive and not interfere.
+func TestApplyEnvTuning_DoesNotTouchDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	// Duration is a consume.Config field, not bus.Config — but we still
+	// want a smoke test that ApplyEnvTuning doesn't accidentally reach
+	// into the consume layer.
+	cfg := bus.Config{}
+	bus.ApplyEnvTuning(&cfg)
+	// (no Duration field on bus.Config; this test compiles only if the
+	// invariant holds — caught by reviewer if someone adds one)
+	_ = cfg
+}

internal/event/consume/formatter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/registry"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// Format identifies the wire shape `dws event consume` writes per event.
+// Values mirror dws's global -f/--format flag vocabulary (defined in
+// internal/output) with the subset that makes sense for streaming.
+type Format string
+
+const (
+	// FormatNDJSON is the default: one compact JSON object per line.
+	// Pipe-friendly; one event per `read` line. Recommended for agents.
+	FormatNDJSON Format = "ndjson"
+	// FormatJSON pretty-prints each event as multi-line JSON. NOT a
+	// JSON array — still NDJSON-style (one document per output unit),
+	// just with indentation. See plan §3.1 输出约束 note about why we
+	// do not emit a JSON array for an unbounded stream.
+	FormatJSON Format = "json"
+	// FormatPretty is the same as FormatJSON in v1; reserved for future
+	// human-friendly colorisation. Kept distinct so we never silently
+	// degrade `--format pretty` to compact-ndjson.
+	FormatPretty Format = "pretty"
+	// FormatRaw writes only the SDK's original Data string (one per
+	// event, newline-terminated). Useful when piping into jq / a tool
+	// that wants the cloud payload verbatim without our envelope.
+	FormatRaw Format = "raw"
+	// FormatCompact runs the per-event-type compact processor (see
+	// registry.LookupProcessor) and emits one flattened JSON line.
+	FormatCompact Format = "compact"
+)
+
+// NormalizeFormat maps a raw flag value to a supported Format. Values
+// outside the event command's supported set fall back to NDJSON with the
+// fallback flag set true — callers SHOULD warn on stderr when fallback is
+// true and the original value was non-empty (e.g. user passed
+// --format table which has no meaning for an event stream).
+//
+// Empty input maps to NDJSON without a fallback warning.
+func NormalizeFormat(raw string) (f Format, fellback bool) {
+	switch raw {
+	case "":
+		return FormatNDJSON, false
+	case string(FormatNDJSON):
+		return FormatNDJSON, false
+	case string(FormatJSON):
+		return FormatJSON, false
+	case string(FormatPretty):
+		return FormatPretty, false
+	case string(FormatRaw):
+		return FormatRaw, false
+	case string(FormatCompact):
+		return FormatCompact, false
+	default:
+		// Includes table/csv from the global -f vocabulary, plus any
+		// typo. Fall back to ndjson (the safe stream default) and let
+		// the caller stderr-WARN.
+		return FormatNDJSON, true
+	}
+}
+
+// Formatter renders a transport.Event into the byte stream the sink writes
+// out. Implementations append their own line terminator when appropriate
+// (NDJSON / Raw add '\n'; Pretty/JSON embed newlines in the JSON itself).
+type Formatter interface {
+	Render(ev transport.Event) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// NewFormatter returns a Formatter for the given Format. Compact wraps
+// registry.LookupProcessor so adding a new specialised compactor is just
+// a registry-side change. Returns an error only if format is an internally
+// unsupported value (defensive — NormalizeFormat guarantees the input is
+// one of the constants).
+func NewFormatter(format Format) (Formatter, error) {
+	switch format {
+	case FormatNDJSON:
+		return &ndjsonFormatter{}, nil
+	case FormatJSON, FormatPretty:
+		return &prettyFormatter{}, nil
+	case FormatRaw:
+		return &rawFormatter{}, nil
+	case FormatCompact:
+		return &compactFormatter{}, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("consume: unsupported format %q", format)
+	}
+}
+
+// ndjsonFormatter encodes each Event as one compact JSON line + '\n'.
+type ndjsonFormatter struct{}
+
+func (ndjsonFormatter) Render(ev transport.Event) ([]byte, error) {
+	b, err := json.Marshal(ev)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return append(b, '\n'), nil
+}
+
+// prettyFormatter encodes each Event as multi-line indented JSON + '\n'.
+// json.MarshalIndent does not append a trailing newline; we add one so
+// successive events are visually separated in the output.
+type prettyFormatter struct{}
+
+func (prettyFormatter) Render(ev transport.Event) ([]byte, error) {
+	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(ev, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return append(b, '\n'), nil
+}
+
+// rawFormatter writes ev.Data verbatim. If Data is already JSON it stays
+// JSON; if it's some other string format it stays that. A trailing newline
+// is appended so successive raw events are separable.
+type rawFormatter struct{}
+
+func (rawFormatter) Render(ev transport.Event) ([]byte, error) {
+	out := make([]byte, 0, len(ev.Data)+1)
+	out = append(out, ev.Data...)
+	if len(ev.Data) == 0 || ev.Data[len(ev.Data)-1] != '\n' {
+		out = append(out, '\n')
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// compactFormatter dispatches to the registry per event_type and writes
+// the flattened map as one compact JSON line + '\n'.
+type compactFormatter struct{}
+
+func (compactFormatter) Render(ev transport.Event) ([]byte, error) {
+	p := registry.LookupProcessor(ev.EventType)
+	v := p(ev)
+	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return append(b, '\n'), nil
+}

internal/event/consume/formatter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func sampleEvent() transport.Event {
+	return transport.Event{
+		Type:              transport.FrameTypeEvent,
+		Seq:               42,
+		EventID:           "ev_abc",
+		EventBornTime:     1700000000123,
+		EventType:         "im.message.receive_v1",
+		EventCorpID:       "corp_x",
+		EventUnifiedAppID: "app_y",
+		Data:              `{"message":{"message_id":"om_x","chat_id":"oc_y","content":"hi"},"sender":{"sender_id":{"open_id":"ou_z"}}}`,
+		ReceivedAtUnixMS:  1700000000999,
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in       string
+		want     Format
+		fellback bool
+	}{
+		{"", FormatNDJSON, false},
+		{"ndjson", FormatNDJSON, false},
+		{"json", FormatJSON, false},
+		{"pretty", FormatPretty, false},
+		{"raw", FormatRaw, false},
+		{"compact", FormatCompact, false},
+		{"table", FormatNDJSON, true},
+		{"csv", FormatNDJSON, true},
+		{"yaml", FormatNDJSON, true}, // typo / unsupported → fallback
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		got, fb := NormalizeFormat(c.in)
+		if got != c.want || fb != c.fellback {
+			t.Errorf("NormalizeFormat(%q) = (%s, %v), want (%s, %v)", c.in, got, fb, c.want, c.fellback)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNDJSONFormatter_OneLinePerEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _ := NewFormatter(FormatNDJSON)
+	out, err := f.Render(sampleEvent())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(string(out), "\n") {
+		t.Fatal("ndjson output must end with \\n")
+	}
+	lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(string(out), "\n"), "\n")
+	if len(lines) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("ndjson must be exactly one line, got %d: %s", len(lines), out)
+	}
+	// Must be valid JSON
+	var ev transport.Event
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(lines[0]), &ev); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("not valid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	if ev.EventID != "ev_abc" {
+		t.Errorf("round-trip lost EventID: %q", ev.EventID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrettyFormatter_MultilineIndented(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _ := NewFormatter(FormatPretty)
+	out, err := f.Render(sampleEvent())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	s := string(out)
+	if !strings.Contains(s, "\n  ") {
+		t.Fatal("pretty output should have 2-space indentation")
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(s, "\n") {
+		t.Fatal("pretty output should end with \\n")
+	}
+	// Strip trailing newline and ensure round-trip works (still valid JSON).
+	var ev transport.Event
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimRight(s, "\n")), &ev); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("pretty not valid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRawFormatter_WritesDataVerbatim(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _ := NewFormatter(FormatRaw)
+	out, err := f.Render(transport.Event{Data: `{"foo":"bar"}`})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if string(out) != "{\"foo\":\"bar\"}\n" {
+		t.Errorf("raw output = %q", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRawFormatter_PreservesExistingTrailingNewline(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _ := NewFormatter(FormatRaw)
+	out, _ := f.Render(transport.Event{Data: "already-ends-newline\n"})
+	if string(out) != "already-ends-newline\n" {
+		t.Errorf("raw should not double the trailing \\n, got %q", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRawFormatter_EmptyDataYieldsBareNewline(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _ := NewFormatter(FormatRaw)
+	out, _ := f.Render(transport.Event{})
+	if string(out) != "\n" {
+		t.Errorf("empty Data → %q, want bare \\n", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactFormatter_DispatchesPerEventType(t *testing.T) {
+	f, _ := NewFormatter(FormatCompact)
+	out, err := f.Render(sampleEvent())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var got map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimRight(string(out), "\n")), &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("compact not valid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	// IM message processor should have lifted message_id/chat_id/etc.
+	if got["message_id"] != "om_x" || got["chat_id"] != "oc_y" {
+		t.Fatalf("compact output missing lifted fields: %+v", got)
+	}
+	// Header field `type` must equal event_type.
+	if got["type"] != "im.message.receive_v1" {
+		t.Errorf("type = %v", got["type"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewFormatter_RejectsUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := NewFormatter(Format("nope")); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for unknown format")
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/integration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// TestIntegration_HelloPushdownFiltersAtBus verifies the Hello-time
+// event_types pushdown contract (plan §4 unsung superpower): a consumer
+// subscribing to "im.*" must NOT receive "approval.*" events even when
+// bus and source are flowing both. The filter happens at the Hub layer,
+// not at the consumer pipeline — saves IPC bytes for narrow consumers.
+func TestIntegration_HelloPushdownFiltersAtBus(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	events := []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "1", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "2", EventType: "approval.task", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "3", EventType: "im.message.at_v1", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "4", EventType: "approval.instance.status_changed", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "5", EventType: "im.chat.member.user.added_v1", Data: `{}`},
+	}
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, events)
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+
+	var imBuf, approvalBuf bytes.Buffer
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+
+	// Consumer A: im.* only
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		_ = Run(context.Background(), Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Stdout:      &imBuf,
+			Stderr:      io.Discard,
+			EventTypes:  []string{"im.*"},
+			MaxEvents:   3, // 3 im events expected
+		})
+	}()
+	// Consumer B: approval.* only
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		_ = Run(context.Background(), Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Stdout:      &approvalBuf,
+			Stderr:      io.Discard,
+			EventTypes:  []string{"approval.*"},
+			MaxEvents:   2, // 2 approval events expected
+		})
+	}()
+
+	// Give both consumers time to Hello + register.
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(trigger)
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	// Verify consumer A got exactly the 3 im.* events.
+	imLines := nonEmptyLines(imBuf.String())
+	if len(imLines) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("im consumer got %d events, want 3:\n%s", len(imLines), imBuf.String())
+	}
+	for i, line := range imLines {
+		var ev transport.Event
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &ev); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("im[%d] not valid JSON: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(ev.EventType, "im.") {
+			t.Errorf("im consumer got non-im event: %s", ev.EventType)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Verify consumer B got exactly the 2 approval.* events.
+	apprLines := nonEmptyLines(approvalBuf.String())
+	if len(apprLines) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("approval consumer got %d events, want 2:\n%s", len(apprLines), approvalBuf.String())
+	}
+	for i, line := range apprLines {
+		var ev transport.Event
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &ev); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("approval[%d] not valid JSON: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(ev.EventType, "approval.") {
+			t.Errorf("approval consumer got non-approval event: %s", ev.EventType)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIntegration_FilterRegexInAdditionToEventTypes verifies the
+// regex --filter is applied on top of --event-types (logical AND).
+// Both narrow the stream; the test confirms only events matching BOTH
+// surface to the consumer.
+func TestIntegration_FilterRegexNarrowsFurther(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	events := []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "1", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "2", EventType: "im.message.at_v1", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "3", EventType: "im.chat.member.user.added_v1", Data: `{}`},
+	}
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, events)
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	consumeDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(consumeDone)
+		_ = Run(context.Background(), Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Stdout:      &buf,
+			Stderr:      io.Discard,
+			EventTypes:  []string{"im.*"},
+			Filter:      `\.at_v1$`, // only at_v1 events
+			MaxEvents:   1,
+		})
+	}()
+	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(trigger)
+	<-consumeDone
+
+	lines := nonEmptyLines(buf.String())
+	if len(lines) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 event after im.* + .at_v1 regex, got %d:\n%s", len(lines), buf.String())
+	}
+	var ev transport.Event
+	_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(lines[0]), &ev)
+	if ev.EventType != "im.message.at_v1" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want im.message.at_v1", ev.EventType)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIntegration_BusRestartConsumerReconnects verifies bus death + restart
+// scenario: a consumer dialing after the first bus died and was replaced
+// should connect to the fresh bus and receive new events. This proves
+// stale lock cleanup + fresh-bus startup flow work correctly.
+func TestIntegration_BusRestartConsumerReconnects(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx1, cancel1 := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	run1Done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		run1Done <- bus.Run(ctx1, bus.Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      &fakeSource{},
+		})
+	}()
+	waitForSock(t, sock, 2*time.Second)
+	// Verify first bus is up by dialing it briefly.
+	conn, err := transport.Dial(sock)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dial first bus: %v", err)
+	}
+	conn.Close()
+
+	// Kill the first bus.
+	cancel1()
+	if err := <-run1Done; err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		t.Fatalf("first bus exited with: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Start second bus on same workdir (stale lock should be reclaimed).
+	ctx2, cancel2 := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel2()
+	run2Done := make(chan error, 1)
+	events := []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "post_restart", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{}`},
+	}
+	trigger := make(chan struct{})
+	src := &fakeSource{events: events, trigger: trigger}
+	go func() {
+		run2Done <- bus.Run(ctx2, bus.Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      src,
+		})
+	}()
+	waitForSock(t, sock, 2*time.Second)
+
+	// Consumer dials the second bus and receives the new event.
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	consumeDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		consumeDone <- Run(context.Background(), Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Stdout:      &buf,
+			Stderr:      io.Discard,
+			MaxEvents:   1,
+		})
+	}()
+	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(trigger)
+	if err := <-consumeDone; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("consume on restarted bus: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	lines := nonEmptyLines(buf.String())
+	if len(lines) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 event after restart, got %d", len(lines))
+	}
+	var ev transport.Event
+	_ = json.Unmarshal([]byte(lines[0]), &ev)
+	if ev.EventID != "post_restart" {
+		t.Errorf("EventID = %q, want post_restart", ev.EventID)
+	}
+
+	cancel2()
+	<-run2Done
+}
+
+// TestIntegration_PipelineWithRouteAndOutputDir is the end-to-end version
+// of the unit pipeline tests: a real bus + a real consume.Run process
+// configured with --route and --output-dir. Verifies that matched
+// events land in route dirs and unmatched events in the fallback dir.
+func TestIntegration_PipelineWithRouteAndOutputDir(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	events := []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "im1", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "ap1", EventType: "approval.task", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "im2", EventType: "im.message.at_v1", Data: `{}`},
+	}
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, events)
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+
+	outputRoot := shortTempDir(t)
+	imDir := filepath.Join(outputRoot, "im")
+	defaultDir := filepath.Join(outputRoot, "default")
+	routes, _ := ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:` + imDir})
+
+	consumeDone := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(consumeDone)
+		_ = Run(context.Background(), Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Stdout:      io.Discard,
+			Stderr:      io.Discard,
+			OutputDir:   defaultDir,
+			Routes:      routes,
+			MaxEvents:   3,
+		})
+	}()
+	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(trigger)
+	<-consumeDone
+
+	if entries, _ := os.ReadDir(imDir); len(entries) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("imDir got %d files, want 2 (im1+im2)", len(entries))
+	}
+	if entries, _ := os.ReadDir(defaultDir); len(entries) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("defaultDir got %d files, want 1 (ap1)", len(entries))
+	}
+}
+
+func nonEmptyLines(s string) []string {
+	parts := strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(s, "\n"), "\n")
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(parts))
+	for _, p := range parts {
+		if p != "" {
+			out = append(out, p)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// waitForSock polls for the unix socket file. Used by bus-restart tests
+// that bring up bus.Run twice in the same workdir.
+func waitForSock(t *testing.T, path string, timeout time.Duration) {
+	t.Helper()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+			return
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	t.Fatalf("socket %q did not appear within %s", path, timeout)
+}

internal/event/consume/pipeline.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// Pipeline is the consumer-side delivery chain: format → route → sink.
+// Each delivered event goes through formatting once; the routed sink then
+// dispatches the formatted bytes to either a route-specific directory or
+// the fallback (stdout/file).
+//
+// A Pipeline is bound to a single Config snapshot. Reconfiguring (changing
+// format / routes mid-stream) is out of scope for v1.
+type Pipeline struct {
+	formatter Formatter
+	sink      Sink
+}
+
+// NewPipeline builds a Pipeline for the given formatter and sink.
+func NewPipeline(formatter Formatter, sink Sink) *Pipeline {
+	return &Pipeline{formatter: formatter, sink: sink}
+}
+
+// Deliver renders ev with the configured formatter and hands the result
+// to the sink. Returns ErrPipeClosed (re-raised from the sink) when the
+// downstream stdout pipe closed; otherwise returns whatever formatting or
+// sink error surfaced.
+func (p *Pipeline) Deliver(ev transport.Event) error {
+	body, err := p.formatter.Render(ev)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return p.sink.Write(ev, body)
+}
+
+// Close releases sink resources. Safe to call multiple times because
+// underlying Sink Close methods are idempotent.
+func (p *Pipeline) Close() error { return p.sink.Close() }
+
+// BuildPipeline constructs a Pipeline from the cobra-side flag bundle. The
+// cobra command first parses --format / --output-dir / --route into the
+// derived inputs here so this function stays free of cobra dependencies.
+//
+// Sink selection rules (plan §3.1 输出约束):
+//   - --route present → routed sink with per-rule dirs;
+//     fallback is --output-dir if set, else stdout
+//   - --output-dir only → file-per-event sink at the dir
+//   - neither → stdout sink with stdoutW
+//
+// stdoutW is injected for tests (os.Stdout in production). When nil it
+// defaults to io.Discard so a misconfigured pipeline never writes to
+// the host process's actual stdout.
+func BuildPipeline(format Format, outputDir string, routes []Route, stdoutW io.Writer) (*Pipeline, error) {
+	fmter, err := NewFormatter(format)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if stdoutW == nil {
+		stdoutW = io.Discard
+	}
+	var fallback Sink
+	if outputDir != "" {
+		fallback = NewFileDirSink(outputDir)
+	} else {
+		fallback = NewStdoutSink(stdoutW)
+	}
+	if len(routes) > 0 {
+		return NewPipeline(fmter, NewRoutedSink(NewRouter(routes), fallback)), nil
+	}
+	return NewPipeline(fmter, fallback), nil
+}

internal/event/consume/pipeline_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func TestPipeline_FormatNDJSONToStdout(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	p, err := BuildPipeline(FormatNDJSON, "", nil, &buf)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer p.Close()
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{Type: transport.FrameTypeEvent, EventID: "x", EventType: "y", Data: "{}"})
+	}
+	lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(buf.String(), "\n"), "\n")
+	if len(lines) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 NDJSON lines, got %d", len(lines))
+	}
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		var ev transport.Event
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &ev); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("not valid JSON: %v\n%s", err, line)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_OutputDirFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	p, err := BuildPipeline(FormatNDJSON, dir, nil, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer p.Close()
+	_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", EventID: "ev1", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 100})
+	_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", EventID: "ev2", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 200})
+
+	entries, _ := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if len(entries) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 files in %s, got %d", dir, len(entries))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_RouteWithStdoutFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	imDir := filepath.Join(root, "im")
+	var stdoutBuf bytes.Buffer
+	routes, err := ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:` + imDir})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	p, err := BuildPipeline(FormatNDJSON, "", routes, &stdoutBuf)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer p.Close()
+
+	_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", EventID: "ev1", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 100})
+	_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{EventType: "approval.task", EventID: "ev2", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 200})
+
+	// im event routed to imDir
+	if entries, _ := os.ReadDir(imDir); len(entries) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 file in im dir, got %d", len(entries))
+	}
+	// approval event fell through to stdout
+	if !strings.Contains(stdoutBuf.String(), `"event_id":"ev2"`) {
+		t.Errorf("approval event missing from stdout:\n%s", stdoutBuf.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_RouteWithOutputDirFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	imDir := filepath.Join(root, "im")
+	defaultDir := filepath.Join(root, "default")
+	routes, _ := ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:` + imDir})
+	p, _ := BuildPipeline(FormatNDJSON, defaultDir, routes, nil)
+	defer p.Close()
+
+	_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", EventID: "ev1", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 100})
+	_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{EventType: "approval.task", EventID: "ev2", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 200})
+
+	if entries, _ := os.ReadDir(imDir); len(entries) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("im events should go to imDir, got %d files", len(entries))
+	}
+	if entries, _ := os.ReadDir(defaultDir); len(entries) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("unmatched events should go to default dir, got %d files", len(entries))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPipeline_CompactFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	p, _ := BuildPipeline(FormatCompact, "", nil, &buf)
+	defer p.Close()
+	_ = p.Deliver(transport.Event{EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", EventID: "ev1", Data: `{"message":{"chat_id":"oc_x","message_id":"om_y","content":"hi"}}`})
+	line := strings.TrimRight(buf.String(), "\n")
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("compact output not valid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	if out["chat_id"] != "oc_x" {
+		t.Errorf("compact missed chat_id: %+v", out)
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/router.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// Route describes one --route rule. The CLI accepts the wire form
+// `<regex>=dir:<path>`; ParseRoute compiles regex once at startup so the
+// hot path is just a Match.
+//
+// Pattern matches against event.EventType (NOT the whole event JSON).
+// The first matching rule in CLI order wins; unmatched events fall through
+// to the default sink (stdout or --output-dir).
+type Route struct {
+	Pattern *regexp.Regexp
+	Dir     string
+	// Raw is the original CLI spec; preserved for status / debug output.
+	Raw string
+}
+
+// ParseRoute parses one `<regex>=dir:<path>` spec. Returns a typed error
+// for bad inputs so the CLI can render a clear "did you mean" message.
+//
+// Wire grammar:
+//
+//	spec   = regex "=dir:" path
+//	regex  = any chars except literal "=" (use \= to escape)  (v1: no escape)
+//	path   = any string (no validation here; sink validates at write time)
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+//	"^im\\.message=dir:./im/"
+//	"^approval\\.=dir:./approval/"
+func ParseRoute(spec string) (Route, error) {
+	if spec == "" {
+		return Route{}, fmt.Errorf("consume: empty route spec")
+	}
+	// v1 grammar is intentionally rigid: split on the first "=dir:".
+	// Earlier proposals supported other sink kinds (=file: / =mcp:), but
+	// the cobra layer rejects those — keep parsing tight here too.
+	const sep = "=dir:"
+	idx := strings.Index(spec, sep)
+	if idx <= 0 || idx == len(spec)-len(sep) {
+		return Route{}, fmt.Errorf("consume: route spec must be '<regex>=dir:<path>', got %q", spec)
+	}
+	pattern := spec[:idx]
+	path := spec[idx+len(sep):]
+	re, err := regexp.Compile(pattern)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Route{}, fmt.Errorf("consume: route regex %q: %w", pattern, err)
+	}
+	if path == "" {
+		return Route{}, fmt.Errorf("consume: route path is empty in %q", spec)
+	}
+	return Route{Pattern: re, Dir: path, Raw: spec}, nil
+}
+
+// ParseRoutes parses many specs in CLI order. On any parse failure returns
+// the partial parse so far and the error — the caller decides whether to
+// continue. (The cobra layer treats any parse error as fatal validation.)
+func ParseRoutes(specs []string) ([]Route, error) {
+	out := make([]Route, 0, len(specs))
+	for _, s := range specs {
+		r, err := ParseRoute(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return out, err
+		}
+		out = append(out, r)
+	}
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+// Router decides which sink an event goes to. Match returns the directory
+// of the first matching Route, or empty string when no rule matches (fall
+// through to default sink).
+type Router struct {
+	rules []Route
+}
+
+// NewRouter constructs a router from pre-parsed rules.
+func NewRouter(rules []Route) *Router { return &Router{rules: rules} }
+
+// Match returns the destination directory for the event's type, or "" if
+// no rule matched. Iterates rules in CLI order (first match wins).
+func (r *Router) Match(ev transport.Event) string {
+	if r == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, rule := range r.rules {
+		if rule.Pattern.MatchString(ev.EventType) {
+			return rule.Dir
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// Rules returns the parsed routes for status / debug output. Caller MUST
+// NOT mutate the returned slice.
+func (r *Router) Rules() []Route {
+	if r == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return r.rules
+}

internal/event/consume/router_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func TestParseRoute_Valid(t *testing.T) {
+	r, err := ParseRoute(`^im\.message=dir:./im/`)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ParseRoute: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !r.Pattern.MatchString("im.message.receive_v1") {
+		t.Error("regex did not match expected event type")
+	}
+	if r.Dir != "./im/" {
+		t.Errorf("Dir = %q", r.Dir)
+	}
+	if r.Raw != `^im\.message=dir:./im/` {
+		t.Errorf("Raw = %q", r.Raw)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseRoute_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []string{
+		"",                   // empty
+		"no-separator",       // no =dir:
+		"=dir:./x/",          // empty regex
+		"^im=dir:",           // empty path
+		"(unclosed=dir:./x/", // invalid regex
+		"=dir:",              // both empty
+	}
+	for _, in := range cases {
+		if _, err := ParseRoute(in); err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("ParseRoute(%q) should error", in)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseRoutes_StopsOnFirstError(t *testing.T) {
+	good := `^im=dir:./im/`
+	bad := `(unclosed=dir:./x/`
+	out, err := ParseRoutes([]string{good, bad, good})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected parse error")
+	}
+	if len(out) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("partial parse should have 1 entry, got %d", len(out))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_FirstMatchWins(t *testing.T) {
+	routes, err := ParseRoutes([]string{
+		`^im\.message=dir:./im/`,
+		`^im\.=dir:./other-im/`,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r := NewRouter(routes)
+
+	// First rule should win for im.message.* events.
+	got := r.Match(transport.Event{EventType: "im.message.receive_v1"})
+	if got != "./im/" {
+		t.Errorf("Match im.message = %q, want ./im/", got)
+	}
+	// Second rule covers im.chat.*
+	got = r.Match(transport.Event{EventType: "im.chat.member.bot.added_v1"})
+	if got != "./other-im/" {
+		t.Errorf("Match im.chat = %q, want ./other-im/", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_NoMatchReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	routes, _ := ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:./im/`})
+	r := NewRouter(routes)
+	if got := r.Match(transport.Event{EventType: "approval.task"}); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("no-match should return empty, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRouter_NilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var r *Router
+	if got := r.Match(transport.Event{EventType: "x"}); got != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("nil Router.Match should return empty, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if rules := r.Rules(); rules != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil Router.Rules should return nil, got %v", rules)
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/run.go

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/busctl"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// Config holds everything Run needs. Built by the cobra command handler
+// (P5) from flag values + strict resolver output.
+type Config struct {
+	// WorkDir is the bus working directory:
+	// <ConfigDir>/events/<edition>/<source_kind>/<identity_hash>/
+	WorkDir string
+	// IPCEndpoint is the Unix socket path / Windows pipe name. Caller
+	// computes from WorkDir on Unix, from edition+hash on Windows.
+	IPCEndpoint string
+	// ClientID is forwarded to busctl.Spawn so it can pass --client-id
+	// when forking _bus.
+	ClientID string
+	// SpawnExtraArgs are forwarded to the hidden _bus process when consume.Run
+	// needs to start a daemon. Used for source-mode options that must be
+	// reproduced in the child process, including portal ticket mode and
+	// personal_stream.
+	SpawnExtraArgs []string
+
+	// EventTypes / Filter / Compact are forwarded to the bus via Hello
+	// for server-side pushdown filtering.
+	EventTypes  []string
+	Filter      string
+	SubscribeID string
+	Compact     bool
+
+	// MaxEvents: stop after receiving this many events. 0 = no limit.
+	MaxEvents int
+
+	// Duration: wall-clock budget for the consume run. After this elapses,
+	// Run returns nil (clean exit, exit code 0). Zero = no limit.
+	//
+	// Note: this is event-consume specific and intentionally NOT named
+	// "Timeout" — global dws --timeout is HTTP request timeout (int
+	// seconds) which would collide if reused. See plan §1 决策
+	// "事件运行时长 flag 不复用全局 --timeout".
+	Duration time.Duration
+
+	// DryRun, when true, prints the resolved configuration to Stderr and
+	// returns nil without dialing the bus. Used by the cobra layer to
+	// preview configuration with `--dry-run` (plan §3.1).
+	DryRun bool
+
+	// Foreground hint, passed through to status output but otherwise has
+	// no behavioural effect inside consume.Run — the cobra layer decides
+	// whether to call this Run or to bus.Run directly when --foreground
+	// is set.
+	Foreground bool
+	// Force, like Foreground, is informational at this layer. The cobra
+	// layer enforces the "--force requires --foreground" rule before
+	// calling Run.
+	Force bool
+
+	// --- Output / Sink config (P4) ---
+	// Format controls the per-event output shape (ndjson/json/pretty/raw/
+	// compact). The cobra layer maps --format string → Format via
+	// NormalizeFormat; an empty Format here defaults to NDJSON inside
+	// BuildPipeline.
+	Format Format
+	// OutputDir, if non-empty, switches the fallback sink from stdout to
+	// "file per event" under this directory.
+	OutputDir string
+	// Routes are pre-parsed --route specs. Empty = no routing.
+	Routes []Route
+
+	// Stdout sink; nil → os.Stdout. Injected for tests.
+	Stdout io.Writer
+	// Stderr sink for status lines (HelloAck info, bye reason); nil → os.Stderr.
+	// Set to io.Discard when --quiet is in effect.
+	Stderr io.Writer
+
+	// Quiet suppresses stderr status writes (the HelloAck / bye banners).
+	Quiet bool
+}
+
+// Run dials the bus (forking one if necessary), sends Hello, and writes
+// each received Event frame as one NDJSON line to stdout. Blocks until
+// ctx is cancelled, MaxEvents is reached, the bus sends Bye, or the
+// stream is interrupted.
+//
+// Returns nil on graceful exits (ctx done, max-events reached, bye
+// received, stdout pipe closed). Returns a non-nil error only for
+// connection / protocol failures.
+func Run(ctx context.Context, cfg Config) error {
+	if cfg.WorkDir == "" || cfg.IPCEndpoint == "" || cfg.ClientID == "" {
+		return errors.New("consume: WorkDir, IPCEndpoint, and ClientID are required")
+	}
+	if cfg.Stdout == nil {
+		cfg.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	}
+	if cfg.Stderr == nil {
+		cfg.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	}
+	if cfg.Quiet {
+		cfg.Stderr = io.Discard
+	}
+	if cfg.Format == "" {
+		cfg.Format = FormatNDJSON
+	}
+
+	// --dry-run: print resolved config, return without dialing.
+	if cfg.DryRun {
+		PrintDryRun(cfg.Stderr, cfg)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// --duration: layer a deadline on top of caller-provided ctx. Run
+	// returns nil on deadline (clean exit) rather than surfacing the
+	// context.DeadlineExceeded as an error to the user.
+	if cfg.Duration > 0 {
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, cfg.Duration)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
+
+	pipeline, err := BuildPipeline(cfg.Format, cfg.OutputDir, cfg.Routes, cfg.Stdout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("consume: build pipeline: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer pipeline.Close()
+
+	conn, err := busctl.Discover(busctl.DiscoverConfig{
+		WorkDir:        cfg.WorkDir,
+		IPCEndpoint:    cfg.IPCEndpoint,
+		ClientID:       cfg.ClientID,
+		SpawnExtraArgs: cfg.SpawnExtraArgs,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("consume: discover bus: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	// Ensure the conn closes when ctx cancels so blocked Read returns.
+	closeOnContext(ctx, conn)
+
+	w := transport.NewWriter(conn)
+	r := transport.NewReader(conn)
+
+	hello := transport.Hello{
+		Type:        transport.FrameTypeHello,
+		ConsumerPID: os.Getpid(),
+		EventTypes:  cfg.EventTypes,
+		Filter:      cfg.Filter,
+		SubscribeID: cfg.SubscribeID,
+		Compact:     cfg.Compact,
+	}
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(hello); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("consume: write hello: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var ack transport.HelloAck
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&ack); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("consume: read hello_ack: %w", err)
+	}
+	if ack.Type != transport.FrameTypeHelloAck {
+		return fmt.Errorf("consume: unexpected first frame type %q", ack.Type)
+	}
+	if !cfg.Quiet {
+		fmt.Fprintf(cfg.Stderr,
+			"connected bus pid=%d source=%s state=%s idle_timeout=%ds\n",
+			ack.BusPID, ack.StateSource, ack.SourceState, ack.IdleTimeoutSecs)
+	}
+
+	received := 0
+	for {
+		raw, err := r.Read()
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				return nil // peer closed cleanly
+			}
+			if isCtxCancelled(ctx) {
+				return nil
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("consume: read frame: %w", err)
+		}
+		typ, err := transport.PeekType(raw)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Malformed frame; skip and continue.
+			continue
+		}
+		switch typ {
+		case transport.FrameTypeEvent:
+			var ev transport.Event
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &ev); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			if err := pipeline.Deliver(ev); err != nil {
+				if errors.Is(err, ErrPipeClosed) {
+					// Downstream stdout consumer closed; exit cleanly.
+					_ = w.WriteJSON(transport.Bye{
+						Type:   transport.FrameTypeBye,
+						Reason: "client_done",
+					})
+					return nil
+				}
+				return fmt.Errorf("consume: deliver event: %w", err)
+			}
+			received++
+			if cfg.MaxEvents > 0 && received >= cfg.MaxEvents {
+				_ = w.WriteJSON(transport.Bye{
+					Type:   transport.FrameTypeBye,
+					Reason: "client_done",
+				})
+				return nil
+			}
+		case transport.FrameTypeBye:
+			var bye transport.Bye
+			_ = json.Unmarshal(raw, &bye)
+			if !cfg.Quiet {
+				fmt.Fprintf(cfg.Stderr, "bus closing: %s\n", bye.Reason)
+			}
+			return nil
+		case transport.FrameTypeSourceState:
+			if !cfg.Quiet {
+				var s transport.SourceState
+				_ = json.Unmarshal(raw, &s)
+				fmt.Fprintf(cfg.Stderr, "source state: %s (source=%s, attempt=%d)\n", s.State, s.StateSource, s.Attempt)
+			}
+		case transport.FrameTypeHeartbeat:
+			// silent
+		default:
+			// future frame types: ignored for forward compat
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// closeOnContext spawns a goroutine that closes conn when ctx is done.
+// This unblocks any pending Read on conn so the main loop can return.
+func closeOnContext(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) {
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	}()
+}
+
+func isCtxCancelled(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/run_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func skipOnWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("uses Unix socket")
+	}
+}
+
+func shortTempDir(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("/tmp", "dws-consume-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("mktemp: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = os.RemoveAll(dir) })
+	return dir
+}
+
+// fakeSource mirrors the one in bus tests; reproduced here to keep the
+// integration test self-contained.
+type fakeSource struct {
+	events  []dwsevent.RawEvent
+	trigger <-chan struct{}
+}
+
+func (f *fakeSource) Start(ctx context.Context, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) error {
+	if f.trigger != nil {
+		select {
+		case <-f.trigger:
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+	}
+	for i := range f.events {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return ctx.Err()
+		default:
+		}
+		ev := f.events[i]
+		ev.ReceivedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+		emit(&ev)
+		time.Sleep(5 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	<-ctx.Done()
+	return ctx.Err()
+}
+
+// bringUpBus starts a bus.Run in a goroutine and waits for its socket.
+// Returns (workDir, sockPath, cancelFunc, runDone, fakeSource trigger).
+func bringUpBus(t *testing.T, events []dwsevent.RawEvent) (string, string, context.CancelFunc, <-chan error, chan struct{}) {
+	t.Helper()
+	dir := shortTempDir(t)
+	sock := filepath.Join(dir, "bus.sock")
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	trigger := make(chan struct{})
+	src := &fakeSource{events: events, trigger: trigger}
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		done <- bus.Run(ctx, bus.Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Edition:     "open",
+			Source:      src,
+		})
+	}()
+
+	// Wait for socket.
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Second)
+	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(sock); err == nil {
+			return dir, sock, cancel, done, trigger
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	t.Fatalf("bus socket did not appear")
+	return "", "", nil, nil, nil
+}
+
+// dialOnlyDiscover is a Discover-impl-bypass: tests don't want consume.Run
+// to exec a real dws binary, so we sidestep by pre-bringing-up the bus and
+// letting Discover succeed on its first dial attempt. No Spawn is required.
+
+func TestRun_StdoutNDJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "1", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{"text":"hi"}`},
+		{EventID: "2", EventType: "im.message.at_v1", Data: `{"at":1}`},
+	})
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+
+	// Trigger source emission after we've started consume (otherwise events
+	// race ahead of consumer registration).
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+		close(trigger)
+	}()
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	var stderr bytes.Buffer
+	ctx, consumeCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer consumeCancel()
+	err := Run(ctx, Config{
+		WorkDir:     dir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sock,
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Stdout:      &stdout,
+		Stderr:      &stderr,
+		EventTypes:  []string{"im.*"},
+		MaxEvents:   2,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify NDJSON: each non-empty line is a valid Event JSON.
+	lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(stdout.String(), "\n"), "\n")
+	if len(lines) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 NDJSON lines, got %d:\n%s", len(lines), stdout.String())
+	}
+	for i, line := range lines {
+		var ev transport.Event
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(line), &ev); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("line %d not valid JSON: %v\n%s", i, err, line)
+		}
+		if ev.Type != transport.FrameTypeEvent {
+			t.Errorf("line %d type = %s, want event", i, ev.Type)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Stderr should have the connected-to-bus banner.
+	if !strings.Contains(stderr.String(), "connected bus pid=") {
+		t.Errorf("stderr missing connected banner:\n%s", stderr.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_QuietSuppressesStderr(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "1", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{}`},
+	})
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+	go func() { time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond); close(trigger) }()
+
+	var stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
+	ctx, consumeCancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+	defer consumeCancel()
+	err := Run(ctx, Config{
+		WorkDir:     dir,
+		IPCEndpoint: sock,
+		ClientID:    "ding_test",
+		Stdout:      &stdout,
+		Stderr:      &stderr,
+		Quiet:       true,
+		MaxEvents:   1,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Run: %v", err)
+	}
+	if stderr.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("--quiet should suppress all stderr; got: %s", stderr.String())
+	}
+	if stdout.Len() == 0 {
+		t.Error("stdout should still contain the NDJSON event")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_CtxCancelReturnsCleanly(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, _ := bringUpBus(t, nil)
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+
+	ctx, consumeCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	consumeDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		consumeDone <- Run(ctx, Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Stdout:      io.Discard,
+			Stderr:      io.Discard,
+		})
+	}()
+	// Let consume connect.
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	consumeCancel()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-consumeDone:
+		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Fatalf("Run returned %v, want nil or canceled", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Run did not return after ctx cancel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRun_MaxEventsZeroIsUnlimited(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "1", EventType: "x", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "2", EventType: "x", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "3", EventType: "x", Data: `{}`},
+	})
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+
+	var stdout bytes.Buffer
+	ctx, consumeCancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	consumeDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		consumeDone <- Run(ctx, Config{
+			WorkDir:     dir,
+			IPCEndpoint: sock,
+			ClientID:    "ding_test",
+			Stdout:      &stdout,
+			Stderr:      io.Discard,
+			MaxEvents:   0, // unlimited
+		})
+	}()
+	// Wait for consume to dial + Hello (otherwise events fire before
+	// consumer registers and the Hub drops them silently — no consumer
+	// to deliver to).
+	time.Sleep(150 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(trigger)
+	// Let all 3 events flow.
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	consumeCancel()
+	<-consumeDone
+
+	lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(stdout.String(), "\n"), "\n")
+	if len(lines) != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 3 events with MaxEvents=0, got %d:\n%s", len(lines), stdout.String())
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRun_MultipleConsumersOneBus exercises the daemon's multi-consumer
+// fan-out via the real consume.Run path. Both consumers should receive
+// every matching event independently.
+func TestRun_MultipleConsumersOneBus(t *testing.T) {
+	skipOnWindows(t)
+	dir, sock, cancel, runDone, trigger := bringUpBus(t, []dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		{EventID: "1", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{}`},
+		{EventID: "2", EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", Data: `{}`},
+	})
+	defer func() { cancel(); <-runDone }()
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	bufs := make([]*bytes.Buffer, 2)
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		i := i
+		bufs[i] = &bytes.Buffer{}
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			_ = Run(context.Background(), Config{
+				WorkDir:     dir,
+				IPCEndpoint: sock,
+				ClientID:    "ding_test",
+				Stdout:      bufs[i],
+				Stderr:      io.Discard,
+				MaxEvents:   2,
+			})
+		}()
+	}
+	// Both consumers should be Hello'd before trigger.
+	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(trigger)
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	for i, buf := range bufs {
+		lines := strings.Split(strings.TrimRight(buf.String(), "\n"), "\n")
+		if len(lines) != 2 {
+			t.Errorf("consumer %d: got %d lines, want 2:\n%s", i, len(lines), buf.String())
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/sigpipe_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// isBrokenPipe reports whether err originates from a closed downstream
+// pipe (typical: `dws event consume | head -1`). On Unix this surfaces as
+// EPIPE; the Go runtime by default also raises SIGPIPE which would kill
+// the process, but Go programs ignore SIGPIPE on stdio writes (since
+// Go 1.x). We just need to detect EPIPE and exit cleanly.
+func isBrokenPipe(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, syscall.EPIPE)
+}

internal/event/consume/sigpipe_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// isBrokenPipe reports whether err is the Windows equivalent of EPIPE
+// (ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE / ERROR_NO_DATA) surfaced when a downstream pipe
+// consumer closes its read end.
+func isBrokenPipe(err error) bool {
+	return errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE) || errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_NO_DATA)
+}

internal/event/consume/sink.go

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// Sink is what a Pipeline writes formatted event bytes to. Implementations
+// take both the event (for filename derivation in file sinks) and the
+// already-formatted bytes (so the same event can be rendered with
+// different formats per call without re-running the formatter inside the
+// sink).
+type Sink interface {
+	// Write places one event on the sink. Returns an error for IO failures;
+	// returns ErrPipeClosed when the downstream consumer closed the pipe
+	// (typical pattern: `dws event consume | head -1`).
+	Write(ev transport.Event, formatted []byte) error
+	// Close releases sink-owned resources. Idempotent.
+	Close() error
+}
+
+// ErrPipeClosed is returned by stdout-style sinks when the downstream
+// reader closed its end (SIGPIPE / EPIPE on Unix, ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE on
+// Windows). The pipeline catches this sentinel and exits cleanly without
+// surfacing it as a fatal error.
+var ErrPipeClosed = errors.New("sink: downstream pipe closed")
+
+// NewStdoutSink wraps the given writer (typically os.Stdout) in a Sink
+// that writes formatted bytes verbatim. Detects broken-pipe on the host
+// platform and returns ErrPipeClosed so the caller can exit code 0.
+func NewStdoutSink(w io.Writer) Sink { return &stdoutSink{w: w} }
+
+type stdoutSink struct{ w io.Writer }
+
+func (s *stdoutSink) Write(_ transport.Event, formatted []byte) error {
+	_, err := s.w.Write(formatted)
+	if err != nil && isBrokenPipe(err) {
+		return ErrPipeClosed
+	}
+	return err
+}
+func (s *stdoutSink) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// NewFileDirSink returns a sink that writes each event to its own file
+// under dir, naming files `{type}_{id}_{ts}.json`. The directory is
+// mkdir'd on first write so callers don't have to ensure it themselves.
+//
+// Filename pieces are sanitised: characters that would escape the
+// directory (path separators) or break shell globbing are replaced with
+// '_'. `ts` is the ReceivedAtUnixMS (or current time if zero) so two
+// events with the same id (re-delivery, dedup-defeated edge cases) don't
+// collide.
+func NewFileDirSink(dir string) Sink { return &fileDirSink{dir: dir} }
+
+type fileDirSink struct{ dir string }
+
+func (s *fileDirSink) Write(ev transport.Event, formatted []byte) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(s.dir, 0o700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sink: mkdir %s: %w", s.dir, err)
+	}
+	name := buildFilename(ev)
+	full := filepath.Join(s.dir, name)
+	return atomicWrite(full, formatted)
+}
+func (s *fileDirSink) Close() error { return nil }
+
+// NewRoutedSink composes a Router with per-route dir sinks plus a fallback.
+// On each Write, Router.Match decides the target dir; if non-empty, the
+// event is written there; otherwise the fallback sink handles it. The
+// fallback is typically NewStdoutSink (default) or NewFileDirSink
+// (--output-dir mode).
+func NewRoutedSink(router *Router, fallback Sink) Sink {
+	return &routedSink{router: router, fallback: fallback}
+}
+
+type routedSink struct {
+	router   *Router
+	fallback Sink
+}
+
+func (s *routedSink) Write(ev transport.Event, formatted []byte) error {
+	if dir := s.router.Match(ev); dir != "" {
+		return NewFileDirSink(dir).Write(ev, formatted)
+	}
+	return s.fallback.Write(ev, formatted)
+}
+func (s *routedSink) Close() error { return s.fallback.Close() }
+
+// buildFilename produces `{type}_{id}_{ts}.json`. All three pieces are
+// sanitised to be safe filesystem path segments — see safePart.
+func buildFilename(ev transport.Event) string {
+	typ := safePart(ev.EventType)
+	if typ == "" {
+		typ = "unknown"
+	}
+	id := safePart(ev.EventID)
+	if id == "" {
+		id = "no-id"
+	}
+	ts := ev.ReceivedAtUnixMS
+	if ts == 0 {
+		ts = time.Now().UTC().UnixMilli()
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%d.json", typ, id, ts)
+}
+
+// safePart strips path separators, NULs, and leading/trailing whitespace
+// from a filename piece. Replaces unsafe chars with '_' instead of
+// dropping them so different inputs don't collide.
+//
+// We DO allow dots and dashes (common in event types like "im.message.at_v1");
+// we just reject path separators and parent-directory traversal.
+func safePart(s string) string {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if s == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(len(s))
+	for _, r := range s {
+		switch r {
+		case '/', '\\', 0, ':':
+			b.WriteRune('_')
+		default:
+			b.WriteRune(r)
+		}
+	}
+	return b.String()
+	// We intentionally do NOT collapse ".." sequences. After path
+	// separator replacement (above), a bare ".." in the middle of a
+	// filename cannot perform parent-directory traversal because there
+	// is no separator to anchor it against. The final filename is
+	// joined into a known-safe directory with filepath.Join which itself
+	// will clean any traversal that does sneak through.
+}
+
+// atomicWrite writes content to path via tmp-file + rename, so a concurrent
+// reader either sees the previous version or the new version — never a
+// half-written file.
+func atomicWrite(path string, content []byte) error {
+	tmp := path + ".tmp"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmp, content, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("sink: write tmp %s: %w", tmp, err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmp, path); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmp)
+		return fmt.Errorf("sink: rename to %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/event/consume/sink_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func TestStdoutSink_WritesVerbatim(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	s := NewStdoutSink(&buf)
+	if err := s.Write(transport.Event{}, []byte("line one\n")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := s.Write(transport.Event{}, []byte("line two\n")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if buf.String() != "line one\nline two\n" {
+		t.Fatalf("got: %q", buf.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileDirSink_WritesPerEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	s := NewFileDirSink(dir)
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventType:        "im.message.receive_v1",
+		EventID:          "ev_abc",
+		ReceivedAtUnixMS: 1700000000123,
+	}
+	body := []byte(`{"hello":"world"}`)
+	if err := s.Write(ev, body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Write: %v", err)
+	}
+	entries, _ := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if len(entries) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 file, got %d", len(entries))
+	}
+	got, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, entries[0].Name()))
+	if !bytes.Equal(got, body) {
+		t.Fatalf("body mismatch: %q", got)
+	}
+	if entries[0].Name() != "im.message.receive_v1_ev_abc_1700000000123.json" {
+		t.Errorf("filename = %q", entries[0].Name())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileDirSink_MkdirAutomatic(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "nested", "events")
+	s := NewFileDirSink(dir)
+	err := s.Write(transport.Event{EventType: "x", EventID: "1", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 1}, []byte("ok"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Write should auto-mkdir: %v", err)
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(dir); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dir not created: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFileDirSink_AtomicWriteNoTmpLeft(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	s := NewFileDirSink(dir)
+	_ = s.Write(transport.Event{EventType: "x", EventID: "1", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 1}, []byte("ok"))
+	entries, _ := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(e.Name(), ".tmp") {
+			t.Fatalf("tmp file leaked: %s", e.Name())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSafePart_StripsPathSeparators(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct{ in, want string }{
+		{"normal", "normal"},
+		{"im.message.receive_v1", "im.message.receive_v1"}, // dots OK
+		{"a/b", "a_b"},
+		{"a\\b", "a_b"},
+		{"a:b", "a_b"},
+		{"../../etc/passwd", ".._.._etc_passwd"}, // slashes → _; dots preserved (safe — no separator anchor)
+		{"  spaces  ", "spaces"},
+		{"", ""},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		if got := safePart(c.in); got != c.want {
+			t.Errorf("safePart(%q) = %q, want %q", c.in, got, c.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildFilename_DefaultsForMissingFields(t *testing.T) {
+	got := buildFilename(transport.Event{})
+	// Should contain unknown_no-id_<ts>.json
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(got, "unknown_no-id_") || !strings.HasSuffix(got, ".json") {
+		t.Fatalf("default filename shape unexpected: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRoutedSink_MatchedGoesToDir(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := t.TempDir()
+	imDir := filepath.Join(tmp, "im")
+	var fallback bytes.Buffer
+	routes, _ := ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:` + imDir})
+	rs := NewRoutedSink(NewRouter(routes), NewStdoutSink(&fallback))
+
+	// IM event → file in imDir
+	if err := rs.Write(transport.Event{EventType: "im.message.receive_v1", EventID: "x", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 1}, []byte("body")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if entries, _ := os.ReadDir(imDir); len(entries) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 file in %s, got %d", imDir, len(entries))
+	}
+	if fallback.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("fallback should be empty for matched route")
+	}
+
+	// Non-IM event → fallback (stdout)
+	_ = rs.Write(transport.Event{EventType: "approval.task", EventID: "y", ReceivedAtUnixMS: 2}, []byte("body2\n"))
+	if fallback.String() != "body2\n" {
+		t.Errorf("fallback got: %q", fallback.String())
+	}
+}

internal/event/consume/validate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ValidationError represents a flag-level user error. It wraps a clear,
+// actionable message — the cobra command layer surfaces it to the user
+// with exit code 2 (validation error).
+type ValidationError struct{ Msg string }
+
+func (e *ValidationError) Error() string { return e.Msg }
+
+// validation sentinels (cobra layer uses errors.Is to set the exit code).
+var (
+	// ErrForceRequiresForeground is the plan §3.1 contract: --force only
+	// makes sense in foreground mode where the bus runs in the current
+	// process (then --force skips the single-instance lock so a second
+	// foreground bus can co-exist for a brief debug window). Outside of
+	// --foreground, --force would silently produce two daemons writing
+	// to the same socket — refuse upfront.
+	ErrForceRequiresForeground = &ValidationError{
+		Msg: "--force is only meaningful with --foreground (in daemon mode it would produce multiple bus instances; cloud events would be randomly split across connections). To restart the bus: dws event stop && dws event consume",
+	}
+
+	// ErrJSONFormatRequiresBounded is the plan §3.1 contract: --format
+	// json renders each event as a multi-line JSON object suitable for
+	// human inspection. With an unbounded stream the output mixes events
+	// without delimiters. Force the user to bound the run.
+	ErrJSONFormatRequiresBounded = &ValidationError{
+		Msg: "--format json requires --max-events or --duration (an unbounded JSON stream is not parseable). Use --format ndjson for unbounded streams.",
+	}
+)
+
+// ValidateConfig performs all pre-flight validation that does not require
+// disk / network I/O. Returns a *ValidationError for any rule violation;
+// returns nil if the cfg is launchable. The cobra layer calls this BEFORE
+// calling Run so the user gets clear errors at parse time.
+//
+// Rules implemented:
+//  1. WorkDir / IPCEndpoint / ClientID non-empty
+//  2. --force requires --foreground (plan §3.1)
+//  3. --format json requires --max-events OR --duration (bounded)
+//  4. Routes already pre-parsed (any parse error is reported by ParseRoutes)
+//  5. --output-dir conflict with global --output (caller-supplied flag —
+//     we expose ValidateNoOutputConflict separately because global -o is
+//     a cobra-layer concern)
+//
+// Rules NOT enforced here (deferred to caller / Run):
+//   - Credentials presence (auth.ResolveAppCredentialsStrict already
+//     reports a typed error)
+//   - bus availability (busctl.Discover handles)
+func ValidateConfig(cfg Config) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.WorkDir) == "" {
+		return &ValidationError{Msg: "consume: WorkDir is required"}
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.IPCEndpoint) == "" {
+		return &ValidationError{Msg: "consume: IPCEndpoint is required"}
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.ClientID) == "" {
+		return &ValidationError{Msg: "consume: ClientID is required"}
+	}
+	if cfg.Force && !cfg.Foreground {
+		return ErrForceRequiresForeground
+	}
+	if cfg.Format == FormatJSON && cfg.MaxEvents <= 0 && cfg.Duration <= 0 {
+		return ErrJSONFormatRequiresBounded
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ValidateNoOutputConflict ensures --output-dir / --route (event-stream
+// sinks) are not combined with the dws global hidden -o/--output flag
+// (request-output to file). The cobra layer reads the global output flag
+// from inherited flags and passes its value here; an empty globalOutput
+// means the flag was unset.
+func ValidateNoOutputConflict(cfg Config, globalOutput string) error {
+	if globalOutput == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if cfg.OutputDir != "" || len(cfg.Routes) > 0 {
+		return &ValidationError{
+			Msg: fmt.Sprintf("--output-dir/--route cannot be combined with global -o/--output=%q (event stream sinks are mutually exclusive with single-file output capture)", globalOutput),
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// IsValidationError reports whether err is a flag-level user error.
+// Cobra command handlers use this to map validation errors to exit code 2.
+func IsValidationError(err error) bool {
+	var v *ValidationError
+	return errors.As(err, &v)
+}
+
+// PrintDryRun writes the resolved configuration to w in a single
+// human-readable block. Called by Run when cfg.DryRun is true. Format
+// avoids JSON so users can `dws event consume --dry-run | head` cleanly.
+//
+// Secret-bearing fields are never present in Config (credentials never
+// reach this layer), so no redaction is required here.
+func PrintDryRun(w io.Writer, cfg Config) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintln(w, "dws event consume — dry run (no bus connection will be made)")
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  client_id        : %s\n", cfg.ClientID)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  workdir          : %s\n", cfg.WorkDir)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  ipc_endpoint     : %s\n", cfg.IPCEndpoint)
+	if len(cfg.EventTypes) > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  event_types      : %s\n", strings.Join(cfg.EventTypes, ","))
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(w, "  event_types      : (catch-all)")
+	}
+	if cfg.Filter != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  filter           : %s\n", cfg.Filter)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  format           : %s\n", cfg.Format)
+	if cfg.OutputDir != "" {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  output_dir       : %s\n", cfg.OutputDir)
+	}
+	for i, r := range cfg.Routes {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  route[%d]         : %s\n", i, r.Raw)
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxEvents > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  max_events       : %d\n", cfg.MaxEvents)
+	}
+	if cfg.Duration > 0 {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "  duration         : %s\n", cfg.Duration)
+	}
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  compact          : %v\n", cfg.Compact)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  quiet            : %v\n", cfg.Quiet)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  foreground       : %v\n", cfg.Foreground)
+	fmt.Fprintf(w, "  force            : %v\n", cfg.Force)
+}

internal/event/consume/validate_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package consume
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func base() Config {
+	return Config{
+		WorkDir:     "/tmp/x",
+		IPCEndpoint: "/tmp/x/bus.sock",
+		ClientID:    "ding_abc",
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidate_Happy(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := ValidateConfig(base()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("baseline should be valid, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidate_RequiredFields(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		mut  func(*Config)
+	}{
+		{"empty WorkDir", func(c *Config) { c.WorkDir = "" }},
+		{"whitespace WorkDir", func(c *Config) { c.WorkDir = "   " }},
+		{"empty IPCEndpoint", func(c *Config) { c.IPCEndpoint = "" }},
+		{"empty ClientID", func(c *Config) { c.ClientID = "" }},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			c := base()
+			tc.mut(&c)
+			err := ValidateConfig(c)
+			if !IsValidationError(err) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected ValidationError, got %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidate_ForceRequiresForeground(t *testing.T) {
+	c := base()
+	c.Force = true
+	c.Foreground = false
+	err := ValidateConfig(c)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrForceRequiresForeground) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrForceRequiresForeground", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "event stop && dws event consume") {
+		t.Errorf("error message must include the recovery hint, got: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+
+	// With --foreground it's fine.
+	c.Foreground = true
+	if err := ValidateConfig(c); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("--force + --foreground should be valid, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidate_FormatJSONRequiresBounded(t *testing.T) {
+	c := base()
+	c.Format = FormatJSON
+	c.MaxEvents = 0
+	c.Duration = 0
+	err := ValidateConfig(c)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrJSONFormatRequiresBounded) {
+		t.Fatalf("err = %v, want ErrJSONFormatRequiresBounded", err)
+	}
+
+	// With --max-events it passes.
+	c.MaxEvents = 10
+	if err := ValidateConfig(c); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("--format json + --max-events should be valid: %v", err)
+	}
+	c.MaxEvents = 0
+	c.Duration = 30 * time.Second
+	if err := ValidateConfig(c); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("--format json + --duration should be valid: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// NDJSON has no such requirement.
+	c.Format = FormatNDJSON
+	c.MaxEvents = 0
+	c.Duration = 0
+	if err := ValidateConfig(c); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ndjson unbounded should be valid: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestValidateNoOutputConflict(t *testing.T) {
+	c := base()
+	c.OutputDir = "/tmp/events"
+	if err := ValidateNoOutputConflict(c, ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("no global -o → ok, got %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := ValidateNoOutputConflict(c, "/tmp/out.json"); !IsValidationError(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("--output-dir + global -o should be ValidationError, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	c2 := base()
+	c2.Routes, _ = ParseRoutes([]string{`^im=dir:./im/`})
+	if err := ValidateNoOutputConflict(c2, "/tmp/out.json"); !IsValidationError(err) {
+		t.Fatalf("--route + global -o should be ValidationError, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrintDryRun_NilWriterSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	// Must not panic.
+	PrintDryRun(nil, base())
+}
+
+func TestPrintDryRun_RendersAllSetFields(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	c := base()
+	c.EventTypes = []string{"im.*", "approval.*"}
+	c.Filter = "^im\\."
+	c.Format = FormatCompact
+	c.OutputDir = "/tmp/events"
+	c.Routes, _ = ParseRoutes([]string{`^im\.=dir:/tmp/im/`})
+	c.MaxEvents = 5
+	c.Duration = 30 * time.Second
+	c.Compact = true
+	c.Quiet = true
+	c.Foreground = true
+	c.Force = true
+
+	PrintDryRun(&buf, c)
+	out := buf.String()
+	wants := []string{
+		"client_id", "workdir", "ipc_endpoint", "im.*,approval.*",
+		"^im\\.", "compact", "/tmp/events", "route[0]", "max_events       : 5",
+		"duration", "true",
+	}
+	for _, w := range wants {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, w) {
+			t.Errorf("dry-run missing %q in output:\n%s", w, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrintDryRun_CatchAllWhenEventTypesEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	PrintDryRun(&buf, base())
+	if !strings.Contains(buf.String(), "(catch-all)") {
+		t.Errorf("expected '(catch-all)' for empty event_types:\n%s", buf.String())
+	}
+}

internal/event/dedup/lru.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package dedup implements a fixed-capacity LRU set used by the bus to
+// suppress duplicate events that the DingTalk Stream SDK redelivers on
+// reconnect (see plan invariant #2). The set stores only keys, never values,
+// and is safe for concurrent use by multiple goroutines.
+package dedup
+
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+// DefaultCapacity is the default LRU size when LRU is constructed without an
+// explicit capacity. 8192 is sized to absorb a typical reconnect-storm window
+// (~5 min × 30 events/s) while staying memory-cheap (~256 KB at 32 bytes/key).
+const DefaultCapacity = 8192
+
+// LRU is a fixed-capacity LRU set of string keys. Zero value is not usable;
+// call New or NewWithCapacity.
+type LRU struct {
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	cap      int
+	keys     map[string]*list.Element
+	eviction *list.List // back = newest, front = oldest
+}
+
+// New returns an LRU with DefaultCapacity.
+func New() *LRU { return NewWithCapacity(DefaultCapacity) }
+
+// NewWithCapacity returns an LRU sized to hold up to cap keys. cap must be > 0.
+func NewWithCapacity(cap int) *LRU {
+	if cap <= 0 {
+		cap = DefaultCapacity
+	}
+	return &LRU{
+		cap:      cap,
+		keys:     make(map[string]*list.Element, cap),
+		eviction: list.New(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Seen reports whether key was already present and inserts it if not. The
+// return value is true when the caller should treat the event as a duplicate
+// (drop it) and false when this is the first occurrence.
+//
+// Empty keys are never considered duplicates and are not stored — callers
+// without a stable identifier should use RawEvent.DedupKey() which falls back
+// to a content hash.
+func (l *LRU) Seen(key string) bool {
+	if key == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if el, ok := l.keys[key]; ok {
+		l.eviction.MoveToBack(el)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if len(l.keys) >= l.cap {
+		oldest := l.eviction.Front()
+		if oldest != nil {
+			delete(l.keys, oldest.Value.(string))
+			l.eviction.Remove(oldest)
+		}
+	}
+
+	el := l.eviction.PushBack(key)
+	l.keys[key] = el
+	return false
+}
+
+// Len returns the current number of stored keys.
+func (l *LRU) Len() int {
+	l.mu.Lock()
+	defer l.mu.Unlock()
+	return len(l.keys)
+}
+
+// Cap returns the configured capacity.
+func (l *LRU) Cap() int { return l.cap }

internal/event/dedup/lru_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package dedup
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestLRU_FirstSeenIsFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	l := New()
+	if l.Seen("a") {
+		t.Fatal("first occurrence should not be reported as seen")
+	}
+	if !l.Seen("a") {
+		t.Fatal("second occurrence should be reported as seen")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLRU_EmptyKeyNeverSeen(t *testing.T) {
+	l := New()
+	if l.Seen("") {
+		t.Fatal("empty key must never be reported as seen")
+	}
+	if l.Seen("") {
+		t.Fatal("empty key must never be stored / reported as seen on second call either")
+	}
+	if l.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("empty key must not be stored, got Len=%d", l.Len())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLRU_EvictsOldestAtCapacity(t *testing.T) {
+	l := NewWithCapacity(3)
+	for _, k := range []string{"a", "b", "c"} {
+		if l.Seen(k) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected seen for %s", k)
+		}
+	}
+	// d inserts → a should be evicted
+	if l.Seen("d") {
+		t.Fatal("d is new, should not be seen")
+	}
+	if l.Seen("a") {
+		t.Fatal("a should have been evicted; second insert returns not-seen")
+	}
+	// Now b should be the oldest. After re-querying "c" (refreshes c),
+	// inserting "e" should evict b not c.
+	if !l.Seen("c") {
+		t.Fatal("c is still in set, should be seen")
+	}
+	if l.Seen("e") {
+		t.Fatal("e is new")
+	}
+	if l.Seen("b") {
+		t.Fatal("b should have been evicted by e (c was just refreshed)")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLRU_LenAndCap(t *testing.T) {
+	l := NewWithCapacity(5)
+	if l.Cap() != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("Cap = %d, want 5", l.Cap())
+	}
+	if l.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("initial Len = %d, want 0", l.Len())
+	}
+	_ = l.Seen("x")
+	_ = l.Seen("y")
+	if l.Len() != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("after 2 inserts Len = %d, want 2", l.Len())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLRU_ZeroCapacityUsesDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	l := NewWithCapacity(0)
+	if l.Cap() != DefaultCapacity {
+		t.Fatalf("zero cap should use DefaultCapacity, got %d", l.Cap())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLRU_ConcurrentSafety(t *testing.T) {
+	l := NewWithCapacity(1000)
+	const N = 200
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(N)
+	for i := 0; i < N; i++ {
+		i := i
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			_ = l.Seen(strconv.Itoa(i))
+			_ = l.Seen(strconv.Itoa(i)) // duplicate
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	if l.Len() != N {
+		t.Fatalf("Len after concurrent insert = %d, want %d", l.Len(), N)
+	}
+}

internal/event/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package event implements the DingTalk Stream event subscription pipeline for
+// dws. The architecture is a single-cloud-connection bus daemon (one per
+// ClientID) plus N local consumer processes communicating over Unix socket /
+// Windows Named Pipe. The bus keeps one cloud connection per identity while
+// exposing observable connection state, per-event-type metrics, and Hello-time
+// filter pushdown to local consumers.
+//
+// Package layout:
+//
+//	event/             // top-level types (RawEvent, EmitFn, hash helpers)
+//	event/dedup/       // event_id LRU dedup
+//	event/registry/    // catch-all event types + compact processor registry
+//	event/source/      // wrap dingtalk-stream-sdk-go + connection state machine
+//	event/bus/         // daemon loop, hub, metrics, lockfile, meta
+//	event/transport/   // UDS/Pipe abstraction, frame protocol
+//	event/busctl/      // discover, spawn, stop helpers
+//	event/consume/     // consumer-side pipeline, formatter, router, sink
+//	event/lock/        // cross-platform flock primitive (Unix flock / Windows LockFileEx)
+//	event/process/     // cross-platform process-alive check (Unix signal 0 / Windows OpenProcess)
+//
+// See plans/2026-05-28_event_capability_v1.plan.md for the full design,
+// invariants, and protocol.
+package event

internal/event/endpoint.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+)
+
+// MaxUnixSocketPath returns the longest Unix socket path accepted by
+// bind/connect on this OS (Go rejects longer names with EINVAL before
+// the syscall). sockaddr_un.sun_path is 104 bytes on darwin and the
+// BSDs and 108 on Linux; the usable budget is one less.
+func MaxUnixSocketPath() int {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
+		return 107
+	}
+	return 103
+}
+
+// IPCEndpoint returns the bus IPC endpoint for one identity: a Named Pipe
+// name on Windows, otherwise bus.sock inside workDir.
+//
+// The canonical Unix location is <workDir>/bus.sock, but workDir derives
+// from the config dir, which can be arbitrarily deep (e.g. dwssb sandboxes
+// use ~/.dwssb/sandboxes/<name>/config/...). When the canonical path would
+// exceed the OS sun_path limit, the socket falls back to a short
+// deterministic path under os.TempDir keyed by a hash of workDir, so every
+// process (consume parent, forked _bus child, status/stop tooling) that
+// derives the endpoint from the same workDir agrees on the location.
+// bus.lock / bus.meta / bus.log always stay in workDir — only the socket
+// moves.
+//
+// This is the single source of truth for endpoint derivation; the cobra
+// layer and busctl must not re-implement the shape.
+func IPCEndpoint(workDir, editionName string, sourceKind SourceKind, identityHash string) string {
+	if sourceKind == "" {
+		sourceKind = SourceKindAppStream
+	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return `\\.\pipe\dws-event-` + editionName + "-" + string(sourceKind) + "-" + identityHash
+	}
+	sock := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	if len(sock) <= MaxUnixSocketPath() {
+		return sock
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "dws-evt-"+IdentityHash(workDir)+".sock")
+}

internal/event/endpoint_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package event
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestIPCEndpointShortWorkDirUsesCanonicalPath(t *testing.T) {
+	workDir := "/tmp/dws/events/open/app_stream/aabbccdd00112233"
+	got := IPCEndpoint(workDir, "open", SourceKindAppStream, "aabbccdd00112233")
+	want := filepath.Join(workDir, "bus.sock")
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("IPCEndpoint = %q, want %q", got, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIPCEndpointLongWorkDirFallsBackUnderTempDir(t *testing.T) {
+	// Mirrors the dwssb sandbox layout that produced a 111-byte socket
+	// path — over macOS's 103-byte usable sun_path budget.
+	workDir := "/Users/zhengyubai/.dwssb/sandboxes/event-subscribe/config/events/open/personal_stream/3928ce0fb4860a52"
+	got := IPCEndpoint(workDir, "open", SourceKindPersonalStream, "3928ce0fb4860a52")
+	if strings.HasPrefix(got, workDir) {
+		t.Fatalf("IPCEndpoint = %q, want fallback outside workDir", got)
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(got, os.TempDir()) {
+		t.Fatalf("IPCEndpoint = %q, want fallback under os.TempDir %q", got, os.TempDir())
+	}
+	if len(got) > MaxUnixSocketPath() {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback path still too long: %d > %d (%q)", len(got), MaxUnixSocketPath(), got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIPCEndpointFallbackIsDeterministicPerWorkDir(t *testing.T) {
+	long := strings.Repeat("x", 120)
+	a := IPCEndpoint("/base/"+long+"/one", "open", SourceKindPersonalStream, "hash")
+	b := IPCEndpoint("/base/"+long+"/one", "open", SourceKindPersonalStream, "hash")
+	c := IPCEndpoint("/base/"+long+"/two", "open", SourceKindPersonalStream, "hash")
+	if a != b {
+		t.Fatalf("same workDir produced different endpoints: %q vs %q", a, b)
+	}
+	if a == c {
+		t.Fatalf("different workDirs collided on endpoint %q", a)
+	}
+}

internal/event/lock/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package lock implements a cross-platform exclusive file lock primitive used
+// by the bus daemon to enforce the "single bus per ClientID" invariant
+// (plan invariant #3). The primitive is intentionally tiny — it acquires and
+// releases a non-blocking exclusive lock on an opened file handle, with no
+// knowledge of PID files or business semantics. Higher layers (bus/lockfile.go)
+// combine this primitive with PID content read/write to provide the full
+// single-file bus.lock design.
+//
+// Unix: syscall.Flock(LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB).
+// Windows: windows.LockFileEx with LOCKFILE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK | LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY.
+package lock

internal/event/lock/lock.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package lock
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+)
+
+// ErrBusy indicates the lock is currently held by another process. Callers
+// distinguish "actually busy" (another live bus) from "lock file
+// inaccessible" (FS error) by checking for this sentinel.
+var ErrBusy = errors.New("lock: file is held by another process")
+
+// File represents a held exclusive file lock. Close releases the lock and
+// closes the underlying file handle. A zero File is not usable.
+type File struct {
+	f *os.File
+}
+
+// TryAcquire opens path (creating it if absent, mode 0600) and attempts to
+// take an exclusive non-blocking lock. Returns ErrBusy when the lock is held
+// by another process; any other error wraps the underlying I/O failure.
+//
+// The directory containing path must already exist; callers should mkdir
+// with pkg/config.DirPerm beforehand.
+func TryAcquire(path string) (*File, error) {
+	f, err := os.OpenFile(path, os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE, config.FilePerm)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lock: open %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	if err := lockFile(f); err != nil {
+		_ = f.Close()
+		if isBusy(err) {
+			return nil, ErrBusy
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("lock: flock %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return &File{f: f}, nil
+}
+
+// File returns the underlying *os.File so callers can Read/Write content
+// while holding the lock. The handle MUST NOT be closed by the caller —
+// use Close on the lock File instead.
+func (l *File) File() *os.File { return l.f }
+
+// Path returns the file path the lock is held on.
+func (l *File) Path() string {
+	if l == nil || l.f == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return l.f.Name()
+}
+
+// Close releases the lock and closes the file handle. Safe to call on a nil
+// receiver. Subsequent calls are no-ops.
+func (l *File) Close() error {
+	if l == nil || l.f == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	unlockFile(l.f)
+	err := l.f.Close()
+	l.f = nil
+	return err
+}

internal/event/lock/lock_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package lock
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestTryAcquire_FirstCallerWins(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bus.lock")
+	l, err := TryAcquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first TryAcquire: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l.Close()
+	if l.Path() != path {
+		t.Fatalf("Path() = %q, want %q", l.Path(), path)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTryAcquire_SecondCallerGetsBusy(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bus.lock")
+	l1, err := TryAcquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first TryAcquire: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l1.Close()
+
+	l2, err := TryAcquire(path)
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrBusy) {
+		t.Fatalf("second TryAcquire: err = %v, want ErrBusy", err)
+	}
+	if l2 != nil {
+		t.Fatal("on ErrBusy the returned lock must be nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTryAcquire_ReleasedLockIsReacquirable(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bus.lock")
+	l1, err := TryAcquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first TryAcquire: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := l1.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("close: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	l2, err := TryAcquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("re-acquire after close: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l2.Close()
+}
+
+func TestTryAcquire_ContentReadWriteWhileHeld(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bus.lock")
+	l, err := TryAcquire(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("acquire: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer l.Close()
+
+	// Write PID-like content through the underlying handle
+	const pid = "12345\n"
+	if _, err := l.File().WriteString(pid); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Rewind and read back
+	if _, err := l.File().Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("seek: %v", err)
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, len(pid))
+	if _, err := io.ReadFull(l.File(), buf); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(buf) != pid {
+		t.Fatalf("read back = %q, want %q", buf, pid)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClose_NilSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	var l *File
+	if err := l.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("nil Close should be no-op, got %v", err)
+	}
+}

internal/event/lock/lock_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package lock
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+func lockFile(f *os.File) error {
+	return syscall.Flock(int(f.Fd()), syscall.LOCK_EX|syscall.LOCK_NB)
+}
+
+func unlockFile(f *os.File) {
+	_ = syscall.Flock(int(f.Fd()), syscall.LOCK_UN)
+}
+
+func isBusy(err error) bool {
+	// Linux returns EWOULDBLOCK (==EAGAIN); macOS returns EWOULDBLOCK too.
+	return errors.Is(err, syscall.EWOULDBLOCK) || errors.Is(err, syscall.EAGAIN)
+}

internal/event/lock/lock_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package lock
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+const (
+	lockfileExclusiveLock   = 0x00000002
+	lockfileFailImmediately = 0x00000001
+)
+
+func lockFile(f *os.File) error {
+	handle := windows.Handle(f.Fd())
+	ol := new(windows.Overlapped)
+	return windows.LockFileEx(
+		handle,
+		lockfileExclusiveLock|lockfileFailImmediately,
+		0,
+		1,
+		0,
+		(*windows.Overlapped)(unsafe.Pointer(ol)),
+	)
+}
+
+func unlockFile(f *os.File) {
+	handle := windows.Handle(f.Fd())
+	ol := new(windows.Overlapped)
+	_ = windows.UnlockFileEx(
+		handle,
+		0,
+		1,
+		0,
+		(*windows.Overlapped)(unsafe.Pointer(ol)),
+	)
+}
+
+func isBusy(err error) bool {
+	// LockFileEx with LOCKFILE_FAIL_IMMEDIATELY returns ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION
+	// when the region is already locked.
+	return errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION) || errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_IO_PENDING)
+}

internal/event/personal/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package personal
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+)
+
+const DefaultBasePath = "/dws"
+
+const (
+	controlLogPayloadLimit       = 8192
+	subscriptionListPageSize     = 100
+	subscriptionListMaxPageGuard = 10000
+)
+
+type Identity struct {
+	AccessToken  string `json:"-"`
+	LocalSubject string `json:"-"`
+	CorpID       string `json:"corp_id"`
+	UserID       string `json:"user_id"`
+	ClientID     string `json:"client_id"`
+	SourceID     string `json:"source_id"`
+}
+
+func (i Identity) Key() string {
+	corpID := strings.TrimSpace(i.CorpID)
+	userID := strings.TrimSpace(i.UserID)
+	clientID := strings.TrimSpace(i.ClientID)
+	sourceID := strings.TrimSpace(i.SourceID)
+	if corpID != "" && userID != "" {
+		return strings.Join([]string{"corp_user", corpID, userID, clientID, sourceID}, "\x00")
+	}
+	if localSubject := strings.TrimSpace(i.LocalSubject); localSubject != "" {
+		return strings.Join([]string{"local_subject", localSubject, clientID, sourceID}, "\x00")
+	}
+	return strings.Join([]string{"unknown", corpID, userID, clientID, sourceID}, "\x00")
+}
+
+type Client struct {
+	BaseURL    string
+	HTTPClient *http.Client
+	Identity   Identity
+}
+
+type CreateSubscriptionRequest struct {
+	EventKey       string         `json:"event_key"`
+	RuleType       string         `json:"rule_type"`
+	Name           string         `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	RuleParam      map[string]any `json:"rule_param"`
+	Filter         any            `json:"filter,omitempty"`
+	Delivery       map[string]any `json:"delivery"`
+	TTLSeconds     int64          `json:"ttl_seconds,omitempty"`
+	IdempotencyKey string         `json:"idempotency_key,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type Subscription struct {
+	SubscribeID string     `json:"subscribe_id"`
+	EventKey    string     `json:"event_key,omitempty"`
+	RuleType    string     `json:"rule_type,omitempty"`
+	Status      string     `json:"status,omitempty"`
+	SourceID    string     `json:"source_id,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt   string     `json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+	ExpiresAt   *time.Time `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type ListOptions struct {
+	Status      string
+	EventKey    string
+	SubscribeID string
+}
+
+type dwsCreateSubscriptionRequest struct {
+	ClientID     string         `json:"clientId"`
+	SourceID     string         `json:"sourceId,omitempty"`
+	EventKey     string         `json:"eventKey"`
+	FilterRule   string         `json:"filterRule,omitempty"`
+	DeliveryPref string         `json:"deliveryPref,omitempty"`
+	ExpiresAt    string         `json:"expiresAt,omitempty"`
+	Ext          map[string]any `json:"ext,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type dwsSubListResult struct {
+	Total    int               `json:"total,omitempty"`
+	PageNo   int               `json:"pageNo,omitempty"`
+	PageSize int               `json:"pageSize,omitempty"`
+	Items    []dwsSubscription `json:"items"`
+}
+
+type dwsSubscription struct {
+	SubID         string          `json:"subId"`
+	SubscribeID   string          `json:"subscribe_id"`
+	EventKey      string          `json:"eventKey"`
+	EventKeySnake string          `json:"event_key"`
+	RuleType      string          `json:"ruleType,omitempty"`
+	RuleTypeSnake string          `json:"rule_type,omitempty"`
+	ClientID      string          `json:"clientId,omitempty"`
+	SourceID      string          `json:"sourceId"`
+	SourceIDSnake string          `json:"source_id"`
+	DeliveryPref  string          `json:"deliveryPref,omitempty"`
+	Status        json.RawMessage `json:"status,omitempty"`
+	GmtCreate     string          `json:"gmtCreate,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt     string          `json:"created_at,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (s dwsSubscription) toSubscription() Subscription {
+	return Subscription{
+		SubscribeID: firstNonEmpty(s.SubID, s.SubscribeID),
+		EventKey:    firstNonEmpty(s.EventKey, s.EventKeySnake),
+		RuleType:    firstNonEmpty(s.RuleType, s.RuleTypeSnake),
+		Status:      dwsStatusString(s.Status),
+		SourceID:    firstNonEmpty(s.SourceID, s.SourceIDSnake),
+		CreatedAt:   firstNonEmpty(s.GmtCreate, s.CreatedAt),
+	}
+}
+
+type APIError struct {
+	Code      string         `json:"code"`
+	Message   string         `json:"message"`
+	Retryable bool           `json:"retryable,omitempty"`
+	Details   map[string]any `json:"details,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (e *APIError) Error() string {
+	if e == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if e.Code != "" && e.Message != "" {
+		return e.Code + ": " + e.Message
+	}
+	if e.Code != "" {
+		return e.Code
+	}
+	return e.Message
+}
+
+func NewClient(baseURL string, identity Identity) *Client {
+	baseURL = strings.TrimRight(strings.TrimSpace(baseURL), "/")
+	if baseURL == "" {
+		baseURL = strings.TrimRight(config.GetMCPBaseURL(), "/") + DefaultBasePath
+	}
+	return &Client{
+		BaseURL:    baseURL,
+		HTTPClient: &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second},
+		Identity:   identity,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Client) CreateSubscription(ctx context.Context, req CreateSubscriptionRequest) (*Subscription, error) {
+	if req.EventKey == "" || req.RuleType == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal event: event_key and rule_type are required")
+	}
+	var sub Subscription
+	if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/subscription/user", nil, c.buildCreateRequest(req), &sub); err != nil {
+		var apiErr *APIError
+		if errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
+			if subID, ok := apiErr.Details["subscribe_id"].(string); ok && subID != "" {
+				return &Subscription{
+					SubscribeID: subID,
+					EventKey:    req.EventKey,
+					RuleType:    req.RuleType,
+					Status:      "active",
+					SourceID:    c.Identity.SourceID,
+				}, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if sub.EventKey == "" {
+		sub.EventKey = req.EventKey
+	}
+	if sub.RuleType == "" {
+		sub.RuleType = req.RuleType
+	}
+	if sub.Status == "" {
+		sub.Status = "active"
+	}
+	if sub.SourceID == "" {
+		sub.SourceID = c.Identity.SourceID
+	}
+	return &sub, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) GetSubscription(ctx context.Context, subscribeID string) (*Subscription, error) {
+	subscribeID = strings.TrimSpace(subscribeID)
+	if subscribeID == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal event: subscribe_id is required")
+	}
+	subs, err := c.ListSubscriptions(ctx, ListOptions{SubscribeID: subscribeID})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(subs) == 0 {
+		return nil, &APIError{Code: "PERSONAL_EVENT_NOT_FOUND", Message: "subscription not found"}
+	}
+	return &subs[0], nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) ListSubscriptions(ctx context.Context, opts ListOptions) ([]Subscription, error) {
+	q := make(url.Values)
+	if clientID := strings.TrimSpace(c.Identity.ClientID); clientID != "" {
+		q.Set("clientId", clientID)
+	}
+	if sourceID := strings.TrimSpace(c.Identity.SourceID); sourceID != "" {
+		q.Set("sourceId", sourceID)
+	}
+	q.Set("pageSize", fmt.Sprintf("%d", subscriptionListPageSize))
+	all := make([]Subscription, 0, subscriptionListPageSize)
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{}, subscriptionListPageSize)
+	for pageNo := 1; pageNo <= subscriptionListMaxPageGuard; pageNo++ {
+		q.Set("pageNo", fmt.Sprintf("%d", pageNo))
+		var result dwsSubListResult
+		if err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodGet, "/event/sublist", q, nil, &result); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if len(result.Items) == 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		effectivePageSize := subscriptionListPageSize
+		if result.PageSize > 0 {
+			effectivePageSize = result.PageSize
+		}
+
+		added := 0
+		for _, item := range result.Items {
+			sub := item.toSubscription()
+			if sub.SubscribeID != "" {
+				if _, ok := seen[sub.SubscribeID]; ok {
+					continue
+				}
+				seen[sub.SubscribeID] = struct{}{}
+			}
+			all = append(all, sub)
+			added++
+		}
+		if added == 0 && (result.Total > len(all) || len(result.Items) >= effectivePageSize) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("personal event: subscription pagination made no progress at page %d", pageNo)
+		}
+		if result.Total > 0 && len(all) >= result.Total {
+			break
+		}
+		if len(result.Items) < effectivePageSize {
+			break
+		}
+		if pageNo == subscriptionListMaxPageGuard {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("personal event: subscription pagination exceeded %d pages", subscriptionListMaxPageGuard)
+		}
+	}
+
+	items := make([]Subscription, 0, len(all))
+	for _, sub := range all {
+		if opts.Status != "" && opts.Status != "all" && sub.Status != opts.Status {
+			continue
+		}
+		if opts.EventKey != "" && sub.EventKey != opts.EventKey {
+			continue
+		}
+		if opts.SubscribeID != "" && sub.SubscribeID != opts.SubscribeID {
+			continue
+		}
+		items = append(items, sub)
+	}
+	return items, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) DeleteSubscription(ctx context.Context, subscribeID string) error {
+	subscribeID = strings.TrimSpace(subscribeID)
+	if subscribeID == "" {
+		return errors.New("personal event: subscribe_id is required")
+	}
+	err := c.do(ctx, http.MethodPost, "/subscription/cancel", nil, map[string]string{"subId": subscribeID}, nil)
+	if isNotFound(err) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *Client) buildCreateRequest(req CreateSubscriptionRequest) dwsCreateSubscriptionRequest {
+	filterRule := ""
+	if req.RuleParam != nil {
+		if b, err := json.Marshal(req.RuleParam); err == nil {
+			filterRule = string(b)
+		}
+	}
+	ext := map[string]any{
+		"ruleType": req.RuleType,
+	}
+	if req.Name != "" {
+		ext["name"] = req.Name
+	}
+	if req.Filter != nil {
+		ext["filter"] = req.Filter
+	}
+	if req.IdempotencyKey != "" {
+		ext["idempotencyKey"] = req.IdempotencyKey
+	}
+	out := dwsCreateSubscriptionRequest{
+		ClientID:     c.Identity.ClientID,
+		SourceID:     c.Identity.SourceID,
+		EventKey:     req.EventKey,
+		FilterRule:   filterRule,
+		DeliveryPref: "realtime",
+		Ext:          ext,
+	}
+	if req.TTLSeconds > 0 {
+		out.ExpiresAt = time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(req.TTLSeconds) * time.Second).Format(time.RFC3339)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func (c *Client) do(ctx context.Context, method, path string, q url.Values, body any, out any) error {
+	if c == nil {
+		return errors.New("personal event: nil client")
+	}
+	if c.Identity.AccessToken == "" {
+		return errors.New("personal event: access token is required")
+	}
+	u := strings.TrimRight(c.BaseURL, "/") + path
+	if len(q) > 0 {
+		u += "?" + q.Encode()
+	}
+	var r io.Reader
+	requestLog := ""
+	if body != nil {
+		b, err := json.Marshal(body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("personal event: encode request: %w", err)
+		}
+		requestLog = sanitizeLogPayload(b)
+		r = bytes.NewReader(b)
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, u, r)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("personal event: create request: %w", err)
+	}
+	c.decorate(req)
+	if body != nil {
+		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	}
+	hc := c.HTTPClient
+	if hc == nil {
+		hc = http.DefaultClient
+	}
+	resp, err := hc.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("personal event: send request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, config.MaxResponseBodySize))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("personal event: read response: %w", err)
+	}
+	responseLog := sanitizeLogPayload(data)
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		if apiErr := decodeAPIError(data); apiErr != nil {
+			apiErr = withRequestDetails(apiErr, method, path, resp.StatusCode, responseRequestID(data))
+			logControlRequest("personal event control request failed", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, responseRequestID(data), apiErr)
+			return apiErr
+		}
+		logControlRequest("personal event control request failed", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, responseRequestID(data), nil)
+		return fmt.Errorf("personal event: HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+	if len(bytes.TrimSpace(data)) == 0 {
+		logControlRequest("personal event control request", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, "", nil)
+		return nil
+	}
+	var env responseEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &env); err == nil && (env.Success != nil || env.Error != nil || env.Result != nil || env.ErrorCode != "" || env.ErrorMsg != "") {
+		if env.Success == nil {
+			if apiErr := env.apiError(); apiErr != nil {
+				apiErr = withRequestDetails(apiErr, method, path, resp.StatusCode, env.requestID())
+				logControlRequest("personal event control request failed", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, env.requestID(), apiErr)
+				return apiErr
+			}
+		}
+		if env.Success != nil && !*env.Success {
+			if apiErr := env.apiError(); apiErr != nil {
+				apiErr = withRequestDetails(apiErr, method, path, resp.StatusCode, env.requestID())
+				logControlRequest("personal event control request failed", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, env.requestID(), apiErr)
+				return apiErr
+			}
+			logControlRequest("personal event control request failed", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, env.requestID(), nil)
+			return errors.New("personal event: request failed")
+		}
+		logControlRequest("personal event control request", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, env.requestID(), nil)
+		if env.Result == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if out == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return decodeResult(env.Result, out)
+	}
+	if out == nil {
+		logControlRequest("personal event control request", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, responseRequestID(data), nil)
+		return nil
+	}
+	logControlRequest("personal event control request", method, path, q, resp.StatusCode, requestLog, responseLog, responseRequestID(data), nil)
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, out)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) decorate(req *http.Request) {
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+c.Identity.AccessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("x-user-access-token", c.Identity.AccessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("X-DWS-Client-Id", c.Identity.ClientID)
+	req.Header.Set("X-DWS-Source-Id", c.Identity.SourceID)
+	if c.Identity.CorpID != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("X-DWS-Corp-Id", c.Identity.CorpID)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+}
+
+type responseEnvelope struct {
+	Success    *bool           `json:"success"`
+	RequestID  string          `json:"request_id,omitempty"`
+	RequestID2 string          `json:"requestId,omitempty"`
+	Result     json.RawMessage `json:"result"`
+	Error      *APIError       `json:"error"`
+	ErrorCode  string          `json:"errorCode,omitempty"`
+	ErrorMsg   string          `json:"errorMsg,omitempty"`
+}
+
+func (e responseEnvelope) apiError() *APIError {
+	if e.Error != nil {
+		return e.Error
+	}
+	if e.ErrorCode != "" || e.ErrorMsg != "" {
+		return &APIError{Code: e.ErrorCode, Message: e.ErrorMsg}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e responseEnvelope) requestID() string {
+	return firstNonEmpty(e.RequestID, e.RequestID2)
+}
+
+func decodeResult(raw json.RawMessage, out any) error {
+	if len(raw) == 0 || string(raw) == "null" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if sub, ok := out.(*Subscription); ok {
+		if decoded, ok, err := decodeSubscriptionResult(raw); ok || err != nil {
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			*sub = decoded
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, out); err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return json.Unmarshal(raw, out)
+}
+
+func decodeSubscriptionResult(raw json.RawMessage) (Subscription, bool, error) {
+	var ids []string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &ids); err == nil {
+		if len(ids) == 0 {
+			return Subscription{}, true, nil
+		}
+		return Subscription{SubscribeID: ids[0]}, true, nil
+	}
+	var item dwsSubscription
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &item); err == nil &&
+		(firstNonEmpty(item.SubID, item.SubscribeID) != "" ||
+			firstNonEmpty(item.EventKey, item.EventKeySnake) != "") {
+		return item.toSubscription(), true, nil
+	}
+	return Subscription{}, false, nil
+}
+
+func decodeAPIError(data []byte) *APIError {
+	var env responseEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &env); err == nil {
+		if env.Error != nil {
+			return env.Error
+		}
+		if env.ErrorCode != "" || env.ErrorMsg != "" {
+			return &APIError{Code: env.ErrorCode, Message: env.ErrorMsg}
+		}
+	}
+	var apiErr APIError
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &apiErr); err == nil && (apiErr.Code != "" || apiErr.Message != "") {
+		return &apiErr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func responseRequestID(data []byte) string {
+	var env responseEnvelope
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &env); err == nil {
+		return env.requestID()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func withRequestDetails(apiErr *APIError, method, path string, status int, requestID string) *APIError {
+	if apiErr == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if apiErr.Details == nil {
+		apiErr.Details = make(map[string]any, 4)
+	}
+	apiErr.Details["method"] = method
+	apiErr.Details["path"] = path
+	apiErr.Details["http_status"] = status
+	if requestID != "" {
+		apiErr.Details["request_id"] = requestID
+	}
+	return apiErr
+}
+
+func logControlRequest(message, method, path string, q url.Values, status int, requestPayload, responsePayload, requestID string, apiErr *APIError) {
+	attrs := []any{
+		"method", method,
+		"path", path,
+		"http_status", status,
+	}
+	if query := redactedQueryString(q); query != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, "query", query)
+	}
+	if requestPayload != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, "request", requestPayload)
+	}
+	if responsePayload != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, "response", responsePayload)
+	}
+	if requestID != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, "request_id", requestID)
+	}
+	if apiErr != nil {
+		if apiErr.Code != "" {
+			attrs = append(attrs, "error_code", apiErr.Code)
+		}
+		if apiErr.Message != "" {
+			attrs = append(attrs, "error_msg", apiErr.Message)
+		}
+	}
+	slog.Debug(message, attrs...)
+}
+
+func sanitizeLogPayload(data []byte) string {
+	data = bytes.TrimSpace(data)
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var parsed any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &parsed); err == nil {
+		redacted := redactJSONValue(parsed)
+		if s, err := marshalLogJSON(redacted); err == nil {
+			return truncateLogPayload(s)
+		}
+	}
+	return truncateLogPayload(string(data))
+}
+
+func marshalLogJSON(v any) (string, error) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false)
+	if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()), nil
+}
+
+func redactJSONValue(v any) any {
+	switch x := v.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		out := make(map[string]any, len(x))
+		for k, value := range x {
+			if sensitiveLogKey(k) {
+				out[k] = "<redacted>"
+				continue
+			}
+			out[k] = redactJSONValue(value)
+		}
+		return out
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]any, len(x))
+		for i, value := range x {
+			out[i] = redactJSONValue(value)
+		}
+		return out
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+func sensitiveLogKey(key string) bool {
+	key = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(key))
+	return strings.Contains(key, "token") ||
+		strings.Contains(key, "secret") ||
+		strings.Contains(key, "ticket") ||
+		strings.Contains(key, "authorization")
+}
+
+func redactedQueryString(q url.Values) string {
+	if len(q) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	clone := make(url.Values, len(q))
+	for key, values := range q {
+		if sensitiveLogKey(key) {
+			clone[key] = []string{"<redacted>"}
+			continue
+		}
+		clone[key] = append([]string(nil), values...)
+	}
+	return clone.Encode()
+}
+
+func truncateLogPayload(s string) string {
+	if len(s) <= controlLogPayloadLimit {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:controlLogPayloadLimit] + "...<truncated>"
+}
+
+func isNotFound(err error) bool {
+	var apiErr *APIError
+	return errors.As(err, &apiErr) && (apiErr.Code == "PERSONAL_EVENT_NOT_FOUND" || apiErr.Code == "NOT_FOUND")
+}
+
+func dwsStatusString(raw json.RawMessage) string {
+	raw = bytes.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if len(raw) == 0 || string(raw) == "null" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var s string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &s); err == nil {
+		return s
+	}
+	var n int
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &n); err == nil {
+		switch n {
+		case 1:
+			return "active"
+		case 2:
+			return "paused"
+		case 3:
+			return "deleted"
+		default:
+			return fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)
+		}
+	}
+	return string(raw)
+}
+
+func firstNonEmpty(values ...string) string {
+	for _, v := range values {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(v) != "" {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

internal/event/personal/client_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,646 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package personal
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestClientCreateSubscriptionDWSRequestAndArrayResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotPath string
+	var gotReq dwsCreateSubscriptionRequest
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+			t.Fatalf("method = %s", r.Method)
+		}
+		gotPath = r.URL.Path
+		if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); got != "Bearer token-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("Authorization = %q", got)
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("x-user-access-token"); got != "token-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("x-user-access-token = %q", got)
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("X-DWS-Client-Id"); got != "client-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("X-DWS-Client-Id = %q", got)
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("X-DWS-Source-Id"); got != "open" {
+			t.Fatalf("X-DWS-Source-Id = %q", got)
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("X-DWS-Corp-Id"); got != "corp-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("X-DWS-Corp-Id = %q", got)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&gotReq); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Decode body: %v", err)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result":  []string{"sub-1"},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{
+		AccessToken: "token-1",
+		CorpID:      "corp-1",
+		UserID:      "user-1",
+		ClientID:    "client-1",
+		SourceID:    "open",
+	})
+	sub, err := c.CreateSubscription(t.Context(), CreateSubscriptionRequest{
+		EventKey: EventSingleChat,
+		RuleType: "singleChat",
+		Name:     "test-o2o",
+		RuleParam: map[string]any{
+			"targetUid":     "507971",
+			"targetUidType": "staffId",
+		},
+		Filter:         map[string]any{"field": "payload.body.content", "op": "contains", "value": "P0"},
+		IdempotencyKey: "idem-1",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateSubscription() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if gotPath != "/subscription/user" {
+		t.Fatalf("path = %q, want /subscription/user", gotPath)
+	}
+	if gotReq.ClientID != "client-1" || gotReq.SourceID != "open" || gotReq.EventKey != EventSingleChat {
+		t.Fatalf("request identity/event = %#v", gotReq)
+	}
+	if gotReq.DeliveryPref != "realtime" {
+		t.Fatalf("deliveryPref = %q, want realtime", gotReq.DeliveryPref)
+	}
+	var filterRule map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(gotReq.FilterRule), &filterRule); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("filterRule is not JSON: %q: %v", gotReq.FilterRule, err)
+	}
+	if filterRule["targetUid"] != "507971" || filterRule["targetUidType"] != "staffId" {
+		t.Fatalf("filterRule = %#v", filterRule)
+	}
+	if gotReq.Ext["ruleType"] != "singleChat" || gotReq.Ext["name"] != "test-o2o" || gotReq.Ext["idempotencyKey"] != "idem-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("ext = %#v", gotReq.Ext)
+	}
+	if sub.SubscribeID != "sub-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("subscribe_id = %q", sub.SubscribeID)
+	}
+	if sub.EventKey != EventSingleChat || sub.RuleType != "singleChat" || sub.Status != "active" || sub.SourceID != "open" {
+		t.Fatalf("subscription = %#v", sub)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientCreateSubscriptionObjectResponses(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []map[string]any{
+		{"subId": "sub-camel", "eventKey": EventMention, "sourceId": "open", "status": 1},
+		{"subscribe_id": "sub-snake", "event_key": EventMention, "source_id": "open", "status": "active"},
+	}
+	for _, result := range cases {
+		srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+				"success": true,
+				"result":  result,
+			})
+		}))
+		c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token-1", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"})
+		sub, err := c.CreateSubscription(t.Context(), CreateSubscriptionRequest{
+			EventKey:  EventMention,
+			RuleType:  "at",
+			RuleParam: map[string]any{},
+		})
+		srv.Close()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("CreateSubscription() error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if sub.SubscribeID == "" || !strings.HasPrefix(sub.SubscribeID, "sub-") {
+			t.Fatalf("subscription = %#v", sub)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientDebugLogCreateSubscriptionRequestResponse(t *testing.T) {
+	logs := captureClientDebugLogs(t)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success":   true,
+			"requestId": "req-ok",
+			"result":    []string{"sub-1"},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "secret-token", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "pre_open_source"})
+	if _, err := c.CreateSubscription(t.Context(), CreateSubscriptionRequest{
+		EventKey: EventSingleChat,
+		RuleType: "singleChat",
+		RuleParam: map[string]any{
+			"targetUid":     "507971",
+			"targetUidType": "staffId",
+		},
+		IdempotencyKey: "idem-1",
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateSubscription() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	out := logs.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{
+		"personal event control request",
+		"/subscription/user",
+		"client-1",
+		"pre_open_source",
+		EventSingleChat,
+		"filterRule",
+		"targetUid",
+		"507971",
+		"sub-1",
+		"req-ok",
+	} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("debug log missing %q: %s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(out, "secret-token") {
+		t.Fatalf("debug log leaked access token: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientBusinessErrorHTTP200(t *testing.T) {
+	logs := captureClientDebugLogs(t)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success":   false,
+			"requestId": "req-1",
+			"errorCode": "INVALID_PARAM",
+			"errorMsg":  "clientId is empty",
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token-1", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"})
+	_, err := c.CreateSubscription(t.Context(), CreateSubscriptionRequest{
+		EventKey:  EventMention,
+		RuleType:  "at",
+		RuleParam: map[string]any{},
+	})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "INVALID_PARAM") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "clientId is empty") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want INVALID_PARAM business error", err)
+	}
+	var apiErr *APIError
+	if !errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("error type = %T, want *APIError", err)
+	}
+	if apiErr.Details["method"] != http.MethodPost || apiErr.Details["path"] != "/subscription/user" ||
+		apiErr.Details["http_status"] != http.StatusOK || apiErr.Details["request_id"] != "req-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("details = %#v", apiErr.Details)
+	}
+	out := logs.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{"/subscription/user", "INVALID_PARAM", "clientId is empty", "req-1", "request", "response"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("debug log missing %q: %s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientOmitsCorpHeaderWhenUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if got := r.Header.Get("X-DWS-Corp-Id"); got != "" {
+			t.Fatalf("X-DWS-Corp-Id = %q, want empty", got)
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); got != "Bearer token-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("Authorization = %q", got)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result":  []string{"sub-1"},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token-1", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"})
+	if _, err := c.CreateSubscription(t.Context(), CreateSubscriptionRequest{
+		EventKey:  EventMention,
+		RuleType:  "at",
+		RuleParam: map[string]any{},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CreateSubscription() error = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIdentityKeyUsesLocalSubjectFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	withCorpUser := Identity{CorpID: "corp-1", UserID: "user-1", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"}
+	if got := withCorpUser.Key(); got != "corp_user\x00corp-1\x00user-1\x00client-1\x00open" {
+		t.Fatalf("corp/user key = %q", got)
+	}
+	fallback := Identity{LocalSubject: "refresh:abc", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"}
+	if got := fallback.Key(); got != "local_subject\x00refresh:abc\x00client-1\x00open" {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback key = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientDeleteSubscriptionTreatsNotFoundAsSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotBody map[string]string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+			t.Fatalf("method = %s", r.Method)
+		}
+		if r.URL.Path != "/subscription/cancel" {
+			t.Fatalf("path = %q", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&gotBody); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode body: %v", err)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": false,
+			"error":   map[string]any{"code": "PERSONAL_EVENT_NOT_FOUND", "message": "not found"},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	if err := c.DeleteSubscription(t.Context(), "sub-404"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("DeleteSubscription() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if gotBody["subId"] != "sub-404" {
+		t.Fatalf("cancel body = %#v", gotBody)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientDeleteSubscriptionBusinessError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success":   false,
+			"requestId": "req-cancel",
+			"errorCode": "INVALID_STATE",
+			"errorMsg":  "subscription cannot be cancelled",
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token-1", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"})
+	err := c.DeleteSubscription(t.Context(), "sub-1")
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "INVALID_STATE") {
+		t.Fatalf("DeleteSubscription() error = %v, want INVALID_STATE", err)
+	}
+	var apiErr *APIError
+	if !errors.As(err, &apiErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("error type = %T, want *APIError", err)
+	}
+	if apiErr.Details["path"] != "/subscription/cancel" || apiErr.Details["request_id"] != "req-cancel" {
+		t.Fatalf("details = %#v", apiErr.Details)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientDebugLogListAndDeleteSubscription(t *testing.T) {
+	logs := captureClientDebugLogs(t)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/event/sublist":
+			_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+				"success": true,
+				"result":  map[string]any{"items": []map[string]any{}},
+			})
+		case "/subscription/cancel":
+			_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{"success": true})
+		default:
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected path %q", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	if _, err := c.ListSubscriptions(t.Context(), ListOptions{Status: "active"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListSubscriptions() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := c.DeleteSubscription(t.Context(), "sub-1"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("DeleteSubscription() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	out := logs.String()
+	for _, want := range []string{"/event/sublist", "clientId=client", "sourceId=open", "/subscription/cancel", "sub-1"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("debug log missing %q: %s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientDebugLogRedactsSensitivePayloadFields(t *testing.T) {
+	logs := captureClientDebugLogs(t)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success":   true,
+			"requestId": "req-secret",
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"access_token":  "resp-access-token",
+				"client_secret": "resp-client-secret",
+				"ticket":        "resp-ticket",
+				"Authorization": "Bearer resp-auth",
+				"safe":          "ok",
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "header-token-secret", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	err := c.do(t.Context(), http.MethodPost, "/subscription/user", nil, map[string]any{
+		"access_token":  "req-access-token",
+		"client_secret": "req-client-secret",
+		"ticket":        "req-ticket",
+		"Authorization": "Bearer req-auth",
+		"safe":          "ok",
+	}, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("do() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	out := logs.String()
+	for _, leaked := range []string{
+		"header-token-secret",
+		"req-access-token",
+		"req-client-secret",
+		"req-ticket",
+		"Bearer req-auth",
+		"resp-access-token",
+		"resp-client-secret",
+		"resp-ticket",
+		"Bearer resp-auth",
+	} {
+		if strings.Contains(out, leaked) {
+			t.Fatalf("debug log leaked %q: %s", leaked, out)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, want := range []string{"<redacted>", "safe", "ok", "req-secret"} {
+		if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+			t.Fatalf("debug log missing %q: %s", want, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientListSubscriptionsDWSSublist(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotQuery string
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/event/sublist" {
+			t.Fatalf("path = %q", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		gotQuery = r.URL.RawQuery
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"total":    2,
+				"pageNo":   1,
+				"pageSize": 20,
+				"items": []map[string]any{
+					{
+						"subId":        "sub-1",
+						"eventKey":     EventSingleChat,
+						"sourceId":     "open",
+						"deliveryPref": "realtime",
+						"status":       1,
+						"gmtCreate":    "2026-06-29T10:00:00Z",
+					},
+					{
+						"subId":    "sub-2",
+						"eventKey": EventMention,
+						"sourceId": "open",
+						"status":   3,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	subs, err := c.ListSubscriptions(t.Context(), ListOptions{Status: "active", EventKey: EventSingleChat})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListSubscriptions() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(gotQuery, "clientId=client") || !strings.Contains(gotQuery, "sourceId=open") ||
+		!strings.Contains(gotQuery, "pageNo=1") || !strings.Contains(gotQuery, "pageSize=100") {
+		t.Fatalf("query = %q", gotQuery)
+	}
+	if len(subs) != 1 || subs[0].SubscribeID != "sub-1" || subs[0].Status != "active" || subs[0].CreatedAt == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("subs = %#v", subs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientGetSubscriptionFiltersSublist(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"items": []map[string]any{
+					{"subId": "sub-1", "eventKey": EventMention, "sourceId": "open", "status": 1},
+					{"subId": "sub-2", "eventKey": EventSingleChat, "sourceId": "open", "status": 1},
+				},
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	sub, err := c.GetSubscription(t.Context(), "sub-2")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetSubscription() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if sub.SubscribeID != "sub-2" || sub.EventKey != EventSingleChat {
+		t.Fatalf("subscription = %#v", sub)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientListSubscriptionsPaginatesAllResults(t *testing.T) {
+	var pages []int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		pageNo, err := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("pageNo"))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("pageNo = %q", r.URL.Query().Get("pageNo"))
+		}
+		pages = append(pages, pageNo)
+		start := (pageNo - 1) * subscriptionListPageSize
+		end := start + subscriptionListPageSize
+		if end > 205 {
+			end = 205
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"total": 205,
+				"items": dwsSubscriptionTestItems(start, end),
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	subs, err := c.ListSubscriptions(t.Context(), ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ListSubscriptions() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(subs) != 205 || subs[204].SubscribeID != "sub-204" {
+		t.Fatalf("subscriptions = %d, last = %#v", len(subs), subs[len(subs)-1])
+	}
+	if fmt.Sprint(pages) != "[1 2 3]" {
+		t.Fatalf("pages = %v, want [1 2 3]", pages)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientGetSubscriptionFindsLaterPage(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		calls++
+		pageNo, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("pageNo"))
+		items := dwsSubscriptionTestItems(0, 100)
+		if pageNo == 2 {
+			items = dwsSubscriptionTestItems(100, 101)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result":  map[string]any{"total": 101, "items": items},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	sub, err := c.GetSubscription(t.Context(), "sub-100")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GetSubscription() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if sub.SubscribeID != "sub-100" || calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("subscription = %#v, calls = %d", sub, calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientListSubscriptionsWithoutTotalStopsOnEmptyPage(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		calls++
+		items := dwsSubscriptionTestItems(0, 100)
+		if r.URL.Query().Get("pageNo") == "2" {
+			items = nil
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result":  map[string]any{"items": items},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	subs, err := c.ListSubscriptions(t.Context(), ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(subs) != 100 || calls != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("subscriptions = %d, calls = %d", len(subs), calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientListSubscriptionsUsesServerPageSize(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls int
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		calls++
+		pageNo, _ := strconv.Atoi(r.URL.Query().Get("pageNo"))
+		start := (pageNo - 1) * 20
+		end := start + 20
+		if end > 45 {
+			end = 45
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"total":    45,
+				"pageSize": 20,
+				"items":    dwsSubscriptionTestItems(start, end),
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	subs, err := c.ListSubscriptions(t.Context(), ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(subs) != 45 || calls != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("subscriptions = %d, calls = %d", len(subs), calls)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientListSubscriptionsDeduplicatesSubscribeID(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		items := dwsSubscriptionTestItems(0, 100)
+		if r.URL.Query().Get("pageNo") == "2" {
+			items = append(dwsSubscriptionTestItems(99, 100), dwsSubscriptionTestItems(100, 101)...)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result":  map[string]any{"total": 101, "items": items},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	subs, err := c.ListSubscriptions(t.Context(), ListOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(subs) != 101 || subs[100].SubscribeID != "sub-100" {
+		t.Fatalf("subscriptions = %#v", subs)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClientListSubscriptionsRejectsRepeatedPage(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"total": 200,
+				"items": dwsSubscriptionTestItems(0, 100),
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	c := NewClient(srv.URL, Identity{AccessToken: "token", ClientID: "client", SourceID: "open"})
+	_, err := c.ListSubscriptions(t.Context(), ListOptions{})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "pagination made no progress") {
+		t.Fatalf("ListSubscriptions() error = %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func dwsSubscriptionTestItems(start, end int) []map[string]any {
+	items := make([]map[string]any, 0, end-start)
+	for i := start; i < end; i++ {
+		items = append(items, map[string]any{
+			"subId":    fmt.Sprintf("sub-%d", i),
+			"eventKey": EventSingleChat,
+			"sourceId": "open",
+			"status":   1,
+		})
+	}
+	return items
+}
+
+func captureClientDebugLogs(t *testing.T) *bytes.Buffer {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	previous := slog.Default()
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		slog.SetDefault(previous)
+	})
+	return &buf
+}

internal/event/personal/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package personal
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+const (
+	EventMention    = "user_im_message_receive_at"
+	EventSingleChat = "user_im_message_receive_o2o"
+	EventInChat     = "user_im_message_receive_group"
+	EventFromUser   = "user_im_message_receive_user"
+)
+
+const (
+	StatusEnabled = "enabled"
+	StatusPending = "pending"
+)
+
+type Definition struct {
+	EventKey       string         `json:"event_key"`
+	DisplayName    string         `json:"display_name"`
+	Description    string         `json:"description"`
+	Category       string         `json:"category"`
+	RuleType       string         `json:"rule_type"`
+	Status         string         `json:"status"`
+	RequiredParams []string       `json:"required_params"`
+	Auth           map[string]any `json:"auth,omitempty"`
+	Public         bool           `json:"-"`
+}
+
+type SchemaDocument struct {
+	EventKey       string         `json:"event_key"`
+	DisplayName    string         `json:"display_name"`
+	Description    string         `json:"description"`
+	Category       string         `json:"category"`
+	RuleType       string         `json:"rule_type"`
+	RequiredParams []string       `json:"required_params"`
+	JQRootPath     string         `json:"jq_root_path"`
+	Schema         map[string]any `json:"schema"`
+}
+
+type RuleOptions struct {
+	RuleType string
+	UserID   string
+	GroupID  string
+}
+
+type SchemaPendingError struct {
+	EventKey string
+}
+
+func (e *SchemaPendingError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s schema is pending; try user_im_message_receive_at or user_im_message_receive_o2o first", e.EventKey)
+}
+
+var definitions = []Definition{
+	{
+		EventKey:       EventMention,
+		DisplayName:    "@我的消息",
+		Description:    "当前用户被 @ 的消息",
+		Category:       "im",
+		RuleType:       "at",
+		Status:         StatusEnabled,
+		RequiredParams: nil,
+		Auth:           map[string]any{"identity": "user"},
+		Public:         true,
+	},
+	{
+		EventKey:       EventSingleChat,
+		DisplayName:    "指定单聊消息",
+		Description:    "当前用户与指定用户的单聊消息",
+		Category:       "im",
+		RuleType:       "singleChat",
+		Status:         StatusEnabled,
+		RequiredParams: []string{"user"},
+		Auth:           map[string]any{"identity": "user"},
+		Public:         true,
+	},
+	{
+		EventKey:       EventInChat,
+		DisplayName:    "指定群消息",
+		Description:    "当前用户所在指定会话的消息",
+		Category:       "im",
+		RuleType:       "group",
+		Status:         StatusEnabled,
+		RequiredParams: []string{"group"},
+		Auth:           map[string]any{"identity": "user"},
+		Public:         true,
+	},
+	{
+		EventKey:       EventFromUser,
+		DisplayName:    "指定发送人消息",
+		Description:    "当前用户收到的特别关注用户的消息",
+		Category:       "im",
+		RuleType:       "sender",
+		Status:         StatusEnabled,
+		RequiredParams: []string{"user"},
+		Auth:           map[string]any{"identity": "user"},
+		Public:         false,
+	},
+}
+
+func Definitions() []Definition {
+	out := append([]Definition(nil), definitions...)
+	return out
+}
+
+func Lookup(eventKey string) (Definition, bool) {
+	for _, def := range definitions {
+		if def.EventKey == eventKey {
+			return def, true
+		}
+	}
+	return Definition{}, false
+}
+
+func IsPublic(eventKey string) bool {
+	def, ok := Lookup(eventKey)
+	return ok && def.Public
+}
+
+func PublicAvailabilityError(eventKey string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("event %s is not publicly available yet", eventKey)
+}
+
+func Catalog(category string, enabledOnly, includePending bool) []Definition {
+	category = strings.TrimSpace(category)
+	var out []Definition
+	for _, def := range definitions {
+		if !def.Public {
+			continue
+		}
+		if category != "" && def.Category != category {
+			continue
+		}
+		if enabledOnly && def.Status != StatusEnabled {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !includePending && def.Status == StatusPending {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, def)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func BuildSchemaDocument(def Definition) SchemaDocument {
+	requiredParams := make([]string, 0, len(def.RequiredParams))
+	requiredParams = append(requiredParams, def.RequiredParams...)
+	return SchemaDocument{
+		EventKey:       def.EventKey,
+		DisplayName:    def.DisplayName,
+		Description:    def.Description,
+		Category:       def.Category,
+		RuleType:       def.RuleType,
+		RequiredParams: requiredParams,
+		JQRootPath:     ".data | fromjson",
+		Schema:         personalMessageSchema(def.EventKey),
+	}
+}
+
+func BuildRuleParam(eventKey string, opts RuleOptions) (ruleType string, ruleParam map[string]any, err error) {
+	def, ok := Lookup(eventKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown personal event key %q", eventKey)
+	}
+	if opts.RuleType != "" && opts.RuleType != def.RuleType {
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--rule %q does not match %s rule %q", opts.RuleType, eventKey, def.RuleType)
+	}
+	if def.Status == StatusPending {
+		return "", nil, &SchemaPendingError{EventKey: eventKey}
+	}
+	userID := strings.TrimSpace(opts.UserID)
+	groupID := strings.TrimSpace(opts.GroupID)
+	switch def.RuleType {
+	case "at":
+		if userID != "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--user is only supported for %s", EventSingleChat)
+		}
+		if groupID != "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--group is only supported for %s", EventInChat)
+		}
+		return def.RuleType, map[string]any{}, nil
+	case "singleChat":
+		if groupID != "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--group is only supported for %s", EventInChat)
+		}
+		if userID == "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--user is required")
+		}
+		return def.RuleType, map[string]any{
+			"targetUid":     userID,
+			"targetUidType": "staffId",
+		}, nil
+	case "sender":
+		if groupID != "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--group is only supported for %s", EventInChat)
+		}
+		if userID == "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--user is required")
+		}
+		return def.RuleType, map[string]any{
+			"targetUid":     userID,
+			"targetUidType": "staffId",
+		}, nil
+	case "group":
+		if userID != "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--user is only supported for %s", EventSingleChat)
+		}
+		if groupID == "" {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("--group is required")
+		}
+		return def.RuleType, map[string]any{
+			"openConversationId": groupID,
+		}, nil
+	default:
+		return "", nil, &SchemaPendingError{EventKey: eventKey}
+	}
+}
+
+func BuildFilter(filterJSON string, queryCSV string) (any, string, error) {
+	var parts []any
+	filterJSON = strings.TrimSpace(filterJSON)
+	if filterJSON != "" {
+		var v any
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(filterJSON), &v); err != nil {
+			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("--filter-json must be valid JSON: %w", err)
+		}
+		v = normalizeFilterAliases(v)
+		parts = append(parts, v)
+	}
+	queries := splitCSV(queryCSV)
+	if len(queries) > 0 {
+		parts = append(parts, map[string]any{
+			"field": "payload.body.content",
+			"op":    "contains_any",
+			"value": queries,
+		})
+	}
+	switch len(parts) {
+	case 0:
+		return nil, "", nil
+	case 1:
+		canon, err := CanonicalJSON(parts[0])
+		return parts[0], canon, err
+	default:
+		v := map[string]any{"and": parts}
+		canon, err := CanonicalJSON(v)
+		return v, canon, err
+	}
+}
+
+func IdempotencyKey(identity Identity, eventKey, ruleType string, ruleParam map[string]any, filterCanonical string) string {
+	ruleCanonical, _ := CanonicalJSON(ruleParam)
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(strings.Join([]string{
+		identity.Key(),
+		eventKey,
+		ruleType,
+		ruleCanonical,
+		filterCanonical,
+	}, "\x00")))
+	return "dws-cli-" + hex.EncodeToString(sum[:8])
+}
+
+func CanonicalJSON(v any) (string, error) {
+	if v == nil {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return string(b), nil
+}
+
+func splitCSV(raw string) []string {
+	var out []string
+	for _, part := range strings.Split(raw, ",") {
+		part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
+		if part != "" {
+			out = append(out, part)
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+var filterFieldAliases = map[string]string{
+	"content":                 "payload.body.content",
+	"conversation_id":         "payload.body.openConversationId",
+	"sender":                  "payload.body.sender",
+	"sender_open_dingtalk_id": "payload.body.senderOpenDingTalkId",
+}
+
+func normalizeFilterAliases(v any) any {
+	switch x := v.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		out := make(map[string]any, len(x))
+		for k, value := range x {
+			if k == "field" {
+				if raw, ok := value.(string); ok {
+					if mapped, ok := filterFieldAliases[raw]; ok {
+						value = mapped
+					}
+				}
+			} else {
+				value = normalizeFilterAliases(value)
+			}
+			out[k] = value
+		}
+		return out
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]any, len(x))
+		for i, value := range x {
+			out[i] = normalizeFilterAliases(value)
+		}
+		return out
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+func personalMessageSchema(eventKey string) map[string]any {
+	return map[string]any{
+		"type": "object",
+		"properties": map[string]any{
+			"type": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "事件类型，固定为当前 event_key",
+				"enum":        []string{eventKey},
+			},
+			"event_id": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "事件 ID，可用于去重",
+			},
+			"timestamp": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "integer",
+				"description": "事件发生时间戳，对应 occurredAtMs",
+				"format":      "timestamp_ms",
+			},
+			"subscribe_id": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "订阅 ID，对应 subId",
+			},
+			"message_id": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "开放消息 ID，对应 payload.body.openMessageId",
+				"format":      "open_message_id",
+			},
+			"conversation_id": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "会话 ID，对应 payload.body.openConversationId",
+				"format":      "open_conversation_id",
+			},
+			"sender": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "发送人展示名，对应 payload.body.sender",
+			},
+			"sender_open_dingtalk_id": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "发送人开放 ID，对应 payload.body.senderOpenDingTalkId",
+				"format":      "open_dingtalk_id",
+			},
+			"content": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "消息正文，对应 payload.body.content",
+			},
+			"create_time": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "string",
+				"description": "消息创建时间，对应 payload.body.createTime",
+			},
+			"event_time": map[string]any{
+				"type":        "integer",
+				"description": "消息事件时间戳，对应 payload.event_time",
+				"format":      "timestamp_ms",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func IsSchemaPending(err error) bool {
+	var pending *SchemaPendingError
+	return errors.As(err, &pending)
+}

internal/event/personal/registry_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package personal
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestCatalogEnabledEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	items := Catalog("", true, false)
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(items))
+	for _, item := range items {
+		keys = append(keys, item.EventKey)
+		if item.Status != StatusEnabled {
+			t.Fatalf("%s status = %q, want enabled", item.EventKey, item.Status)
+		}
+	}
+	want := []string{
+		EventMention,
+		EventSingleChat,
+		EventInChat,
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(keys, want) {
+		t.Fatalf("keys = %#v, want %#v", keys, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEventFromUserRemainsInternalButNotPublic(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, ok := Lookup(EventFromUser); !ok {
+		t.Fatalf("Lookup(%q) failed, want internal definition retained", EventFromUser)
+	}
+	if IsPublic(EventFromUser) {
+		t.Fatalf("IsPublic(%q) = true, want hidden", EventFromUser)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLegacyEventKeysAreUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	legacyKeys := []string{
+		"im_message_receive_at",
+		"im_message_receive_o2o",
+		"im_message_receive_group",
+		"im_message_receive_user",
+	}
+	for _, key := range legacyKeys {
+		if _, ok := Lookup(key); ok {
+			t.Fatalf("Lookup(%q) succeeded, want unknown", key)
+		}
+		if _, _, err := BuildRuleParam(key, RuleOptions{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unknown personal event key") {
+			t.Fatalf("BuildRuleParam(%q) error = %v, want unknown personal event key", key, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefinitionJSONHidesInternalSchemaIDs(t *testing.T) {
+	raw, err := json.Marshal(Definitions())
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Marshal() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	out := string(raw)
+	for _, leaked := range []string{"schema_ids", "im_msg_23", "im_msg_29"} {
+		if strings.Contains(out, leaked) {
+			t.Fatalf("definitions JSON leaked %q: %s", leaked, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSchemaDocumentsUseSingleJSONSchema(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, eventKey := range []string{EventMention, EventSingleChat, EventInChat, EventFromUser} {
+		t.Run(eventKey, func(t *testing.T) {
+			def, ok := Lookup(eventKey)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("Lookup(%q) failed", eventKey)
+			}
+			doc := BuildSchemaDocument(def)
+			raw, err := json.Marshal(doc)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Marshal() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			out := string(raw)
+			for _, want := range []string{
+				"event_key",
+				"display_name",
+				"description",
+				"category",
+				"rule_type",
+				"required_params",
+				"jq_root_path",
+				"schema",
+				"event_id",
+				"timestamp",
+				"subscribe_id",
+				"content",
+				"sender",
+				"sender_open_dingtalk_id",
+				"conversation_id",
+				"message_id",
+				"create_time",
+				"event_time",
+			} {
+				if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+					t.Fatalf("schema for %s missing %q: %s", eventKey, want, out)
+				}
+			}
+			for _, leaked := range []string{
+				"message.text",
+				"chat.openConversationId",
+				"sender.userId",
+				"sender.unionId",
+				"auth",
+				"resolved_output_schema",
+				"decoded_data_schema",
+				"filter_schema",
+				"payload_schema",
+				"output_schema",
+				"data_json_path",
+				"headers",
+				"audit",
+				"tenant",
+				"subject",
+				"traceId",
+				"msgIdMetaq",
+				"at_users",
+				"sender_user_id",
+			} {
+				if strings.Contains(out, leaked) {
+					t.Fatalf("schema for %s leaked %q: %s", eventKey, leaked, out)
+				}
+			}
+			if doc.JQRootPath != ".data | fromjson" {
+				t.Fatalf("jq_root_path = %q, want .data | fromjson", doc.JQRootPath)
+			}
+			if doc.RequiredParams == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("required_params = nil, want empty slice")
+			}
+			props, ok := doc.Schema["properties"].(map[string]any)
+			if !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("schema.properties = %#v, want object", doc.Schema["properties"])
+			}
+			if _, ok := props["content"].(map[string]any); !ok {
+				t.Fatalf("schema.properties.content = %#v, want object", props["content"])
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildRuleParamMention(t *testing.T) {
+	rule, param, err := BuildRuleParam(EventMention, RuleOptions{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildRuleParam() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if rule != "at" {
+		t.Fatalf("rule = %q, want at", rule)
+	}
+	if len(param) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("param = %#v, want empty map", param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildRuleParamSingleChatRequiresPeer(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := BuildRuleParam(EventSingleChat, RuleOptions{})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--user is required") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want user requirement", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildRuleParamSingleChatUserIDMapsToStaffID(t *testing.T) {
+	rule, param, err := BuildRuleParam(EventSingleChat, RuleOptions{UserID: "staff-1"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildRuleParam() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if rule != "singleChat" {
+		t.Fatalf("rule = %q, want singleChat", rule)
+	}
+	if param["targetUidType"] != "staffId" || param["targetUid"] != "staff-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("param = %#v", param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildRuleParamSender(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := BuildRuleParam(EventFromUser, RuleOptions{})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--user is required") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want sender requirement", err)
+	}
+
+	rule, param, err := BuildRuleParam(EventFromUser, RuleOptions{UserID: "staff-1"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildRuleParam() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if rule != "sender" {
+		t.Fatalf("rule = %q, want sender", rule)
+	}
+	if param["targetUidType"] != "staffId" || param["targetUid"] != "staff-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("param = %#v", param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildRuleParamGroup(t *testing.T) {
+	_, _, err := BuildRuleParam(EventInChat, RuleOptions{})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--group is required") {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want group requirement", err)
+	}
+
+	rule, param, err := BuildRuleParam(EventInChat, RuleOptions{GroupID: "cid-1"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildRuleParam() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if rule != "group" {
+		t.Fatalf("rule = %q, want group", rule)
+	}
+	if param["openConversationId"] != "cid-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("param = %#v", param)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildRuleParamRejectsWrongScopedFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, _, err := BuildRuleParam(EventMention, RuleOptions{UserID: "staff-1"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--user is only supported") {
+		t.Fatalf("mention with user error = %v, want unsupported user", err)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := BuildRuleParam(EventSingleChat, RuleOptions{UserID: "staff-1", GroupID: "cid-1"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--group is only supported") {
+		t.Fatalf("singleChat with group error = %v, want unsupported group", err)
+	}
+	if _, _, err := BuildRuleParam(EventInChat, RuleOptions{UserID: "staff-1", GroupID: "cid-1"}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "--user is only supported") {
+		t.Fatalf("group with user error = %v, want unsupported user", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildFilterQueryAndJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	filter, canonical, err := BuildFilter(`{"field":"conversation_id","op":"eq","value":"cid1"}`, "P0, 故障")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("BuildFilter() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	m := filter.(map[string]any)
+	parts := m["and"].([]any)
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("parts len = %d, want 2", len(parts))
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(canonical, "contains_any") {
+		t.Fatalf("canonical = %s, want contains_any", canonical)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(canonical, "payload.body.content") || strings.Contains(canonical, "message.text") {
+		t.Fatalf("canonical = %s, want query filter on payload.body.content only", canonical)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(canonical, "payload.body.openConversationId") || strings.Contains(canonical, "conversation_id") {
+		t.Fatalf("canonical = %s, want conversation_id alias mapped to payload.body.openConversationId", canonical)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIdempotencyKeyUsesLocalIdentityKey(t *testing.T) {
+	left := Identity{LocalSubject: "refresh:left", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"}
+	right := Identity{LocalSubject: "refresh:right", ClientID: "client-1", SourceID: "open"}
+	ruleParam := map[string]any{"targetUid": "507971", "targetUidType": "staffId"}
+	leftKey := IdempotencyKey(left, EventSingleChat, "singleChat", ruleParam, "")
+	rightKey := IdempotencyKey(right, EventSingleChat, "singleChat", ruleParam, "")
+	if leftKey == rightKey {
+		t.Fatalf("idempotency key collapsed for different local subjects: %s", leftKey)
+	}
+}

internal/event/personal/state.go

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package personal
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"time"
+
+	eventlock "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/lock"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+)
+
+const (
+	StateFileName        = "personal_subscriptions.json"
+	StateLockFileName    = "personal_subscriptions.lock"
+	stateLockWaitTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+	stateLockRetryDelay  = 25 * time.Millisecond
+)
+
+type RunState struct {
+	SubscribeID  string    `json:"subscribe_id"`
+	EventKey     string    `json:"event_key,omitempty"`
+	RuleType     string    `json:"rule_type,omitempty"`
+	ClientID     string    `json:"client_id,omitempty"`
+	SourceID     string    `json:"source_id,omitempty"`
+	IdentityHash string    `json:"identity_hash,omitempty"`
+	CreatedAt    time.Time `json:"created_at"`
+}
+
+func LoadRunStates(workDir string) ([]RunState, error) {
+	path := filepath.Join(workDir, StateFileName)
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var states []RunState
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &states); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	sort.Slice(states, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return states[i].SubscribeID < states[j].SubscribeID
+	})
+	return states, nil
+}
+
+func UpsertRunState(workDir string, st RunState) error {
+	if st.SubscribeID == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if st.CreatedAt.IsZero() {
+		st.CreatedAt = time.Now().UTC()
+	}
+	return withRunStateLock(workDir, stateLockWaitTimeout, func() error {
+		states, err := LoadRunStates(workDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		replaced := false
+		for i := range states {
+			if states[i].SubscribeID == st.SubscribeID {
+				states[i] = st
+				replaced = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !replaced {
+			states = append(states, st)
+		}
+		return writeRunStates(workDir, states)
+	})
+}
+
+func RemoveRunStates(workDir string, subscribeIDs []string) error {
+	if len(subscribeIDs) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	remove := make(map[string]struct{}, len(subscribeIDs))
+	for _, id := range subscribeIDs {
+		if id != "" {
+			remove[id] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	return withRunStateLock(workDir, stateLockWaitTimeout, func() error {
+		states, err := LoadRunStates(workDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		filtered := states[:0]
+		for _, st := range states {
+			if _, ok := remove[st.SubscribeID]; !ok {
+				filtered = append(filtered, st)
+			}
+		}
+		return writeRunStates(workDir, filtered)
+	})
+}
+
+func withRunStateLock(workDir string, wait time.Duration, fn func() error) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(workDir, config.DirPerm); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	lockPath := filepath.Join(workDir, StateLockFileName)
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(wait)
+	for {
+		held, err := eventlock.TryAcquire(lockPath)
+		if err == nil {
+			defer held.Close()
+			return fn()
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, eventlock.ErrBusy) {
+			return err
+		}
+		remaining := time.Until(deadline)
+		if remaining <= 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("personal event: timed out waiting for run-state lock after %s", wait)
+		}
+		delay := stateLockRetryDelay
+		if remaining < delay {
+			delay = remaining
+		}
+		time.Sleep(delay)
+	}
+}
+
+func writeRunStates(workDir string, states []RunState) error {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(workDir, config.DirPerm); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	sort.Slice(states, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return states[i].SubscribeID < states[j].SubscribeID
+	})
+	path := filepath.Join(workDir, StateFileName)
+	if len(states) == 0 {
+		if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(states, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	b = append(b, '\n')
+	tmp := path + ".tmp"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmp, b, config.FilePerm); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmp, path); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmp)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/event/personal/state_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package personal
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	eventlock "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/lock"
+)
+
+func TestRunStatesConcurrentUpsertPreservesEverySubscription(t *testing.T) {
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	const count = 64
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errs := make(chan error, count)
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			errs <- UpsertRunState(workDir, RunState{SubscribeID: fmt.Sprintf("sub-%03d", i)})
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(errs)
+	for err := range errs {
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("UpsertRunState() error = %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	states, err := LoadRunStates(workDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(states) != count {
+		t.Fatalf("run states = %d, want %d", len(states), count)
+	}
+	for i, st := range states {
+		if want := fmt.Sprintf("sub-%03d", i); st.SubscribeID != want {
+			t.Fatalf("state %d = %q, want %q", i, st.SubscribeID, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunStatesConcurrentUpsertAndRemoveRemainConsistent(t *testing.T) {
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		if err := UpsertRunState(workDir, RunState{SubscribeID: fmt.Sprintf("base-%02d", i)}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	errs := make(chan error, 75)
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			errs <- UpsertRunState(workDir, RunState{SubscribeID: fmt.Sprintf("new-%02d", i)})
+		}(i)
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 25; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			errs <- RemoveRunStates(workDir, []string{fmt.Sprintf("base-%02d", i)})
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(errs)
+	for err := range errs {
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("run-state mutation error = %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	raw, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(workDir, StateFileName))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var decoded []RunState
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &decoded); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("state file is invalid JSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(decoded) != 75 {
+		t.Fatalf("run states = %d, want 75", len(decoded))
+	}
+	present := make(map[string]bool, len(decoded))
+	for _, st := range decoded {
+		present[st.SubscribeID] = true
+	}
+	for i := 25; i < 50; i++ {
+		if !present[fmt.Sprintf("base-%02d", i)] {
+			t.Fatalf("unremoved base subscription %d was lost", i)
+		}
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 50; i++ {
+		if !present[fmt.Sprintf("new-%02d", i)] {
+			t.Fatalf("new subscription %d was lost", i)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWithRunStateLockTimesOut(t *testing.T) {
+	workDir := t.TempDir()
+	held, err := eventlock.TryAcquire(filepath.Join(workDir, StateLockFileName))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer held.Close()
+
+	called := false
+	err = withRunStateLock(workDir, 20*time.Millisecond, func() error {
+		called = true
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timed out waiting for run-state lock") {
+		t.Fatalf("withRunStateLock() error = %v, want timeout", err)
+	}
+	if called {
+		t.Fatal("locked callback was called")
+	}
+}

internal/event/process/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package process provides cross-platform process-existence checks. Used by
+// the bus daemon's stale-lock recovery path: bus.lock holds the daemon's PID;
+// on startup a competing process reads that PID and calls Alive() to decide
+// whether to abort (the holder is still running) or steal the lock (orphan).
+//
+// On Unix this is the standard signal-0 trick (syscall.Kill(pid, 0)) which
+// errors with ESRCH if the process is gone. On Windows it uses OpenProcess
+// with PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION and GetExitCodeProcess to detect
+// STILL_ACTIVE; this avoids the Unix-only assumption in plan §1.
+package process

internal/event/process/process_alive_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package process
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestAlive_SelfPID(t *testing.T) {
+	if !Alive(os.Getpid()) {
+		t.Fatal("Alive(self pid) should be true")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAlive_NonPositivePID(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, pid := range []int{0, -1, -42} {
+		if Alive(pid) {
+			t.Fatalf("Alive(%d) should be false (non-positive)", pid)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAlive_DeadChild(t *testing.T) {
+	// Spawn a short-lived child and wait for it to exit, then verify Alive
+	// returns false. We use sleep 0 which exits immediately on both Unix
+	// and Windows (Windows treats `sleep 0` as a built-in via cmd.exe but
+	// to avoid Windows shell quirks we fall back to `cmd /c exit 0`).
+	var cmd *exec.Cmd
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		cmd = exec.Command("cmd", "/c", "exit", "0")
+	} else {
+		cmd = exec.Command("sh", "-c", "exit 0")
+	}
+	if err := cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start child: %v", err)
+	}
+	pid := cmd.Process.Pid
+	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("wait child: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// On Windows, even after Wait, the kernel may keep the handle table
+	// entry briefly; GetExitCodeProcess should still report non-STILL_ACTIVE
+	// so Alive returns false. On Unix, the parent has reaped via Wait so
+	// signal 0 returns ESRCH.
+	if Alive(pid) {
+		t.Fatalf("Alive(%d) should be false after child exit", pid)
+	}
+}

internal/event/process/process_alive_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package process
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"syscall"
+)
+
+// Alive reports whether a process with the given PID is currently running.
+// Returns false for non-positive PIDs without performing any syscall.
+//
+// On Unix this uses signal 0 (syscall.Kill(pid, 0)), which performs the
+// normal permission/existence check without delivering a signal:
+//   - nil error            → process exists and we have permission
+//   - syscall.EPERM        → process exists but owned by another user
+//     (still counts as alive for our purpose)
+//   - syscall.ESRCH        → no such process
+//
+// Any other error is treated as "alive" defensively, so we never steal a
+// lock based on an ambiguous syscall failure.
+func Alive(pid int) bool {
+	if pid <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	err := syscall.Kill(pid, 0)
+	if err == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, syscall.EPERM) {
+		// Process exists, we just can't signal it.
+		return true
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, syscall.ESRCH) {
+		return false
+	}
+	// Unknown error: be conservative, treat as alive.
+	return true
+}

internal/event/process/process_alive_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build windows
+
+package process
+
+import (
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// stillActive is the WinAPI sentinel returned by GetExitCodeProcess for
+// running processes (STILL_ACTIVE = 259).
+const stillActive uint32 = 259
+
+// Alive reports whether a process with the given PID is currently running.
+// Returns false for non-positive PIDs without performing any syscall.
+//
+// On Windows this opens the process with PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION
+// (least privilege required) and calls GetExitCodeProcess. A return code of
+// STILL_ACTIVE means the process is running; any other value means it has
+// exited. If OpenProcess fails with ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER the PID is
+// unknown to the system (process never existed or has been recycled).
+//
+// Any other unexpected error is treated as "alive" defensively, so we never
+// steal a lock based on an ambiguous syscall failure.
+func Alive(pid int) bool {
+	if pid <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	h, err := windows.OpenProcess(windows.PROCESS_QUERY_LIMITED_INFORMATION, false, uint32(pid))
+	if err != nil {
+		if err == windows.ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER {
+			return false
+		}
+		// Access denied means the process exists but we can't query it.
+		if err == windows.ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED {
+			return true
+		}
+		// Other errors: be conservative, treat as alive.
+		return true
+	}
+	defer windows.CloseHandle(h)
+
+	var code uint32
+	if err := windows.GetExitCodeProcess(h, &code); err != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	return code == stillActive
+}

internal/event/registry/catchall.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package registry
+
+// CatchAllEventTypes returns the default event-type wildcards passed in
+// the Hello frame when `dws event consume` is invoked without
+// --event-types.
+//
+// v1 returns nil = "bus-wide catch-all" — the bus already subscribes
+// upstream to everything the open-platform UI ticks. The Hub's matcher
+// treats nil/empty as match-everything, so the consumer gets every event
+// the open platform pushes without needing an explicit list.
+//
+// Why we don't ship a curated default (yet): the exact event_type
+// strings DingTalk emits over Stream are not yet confirmed by a P0
+// run against a real app (escape-hatch row #3). Shipping a curated
+// list that differs by one character from what DingTalk actually sends
+// would silently filter out events users expect to see. The bus-wide
+// catch-all behaviour is conservative — too inclusive rather than too
+// exclusive — and avoids that failure mode.
+//
+// Known/expected event type strings (from open-platform docs; pending
+// P0 SDK confirmation — DO NOT enable until verified):
+//
+//	im.message.receive_v1                  receive any IM message
+//	im.message.read_v1                     message read receipt
+//	im.message.reaction.created_v1         reaction added
+//	im.message.reaction.deleted_v1         reaction removed
+//	im.chat.member.bot.added_v1            bot added to a chat
+//	im.chat.member.bot.deleted_v1          bot removed from a chat
+//	im.chat.member.user.added_v1           user added to a chat
+//	im.chat.disbanded_v1                   chat disbanded
+//	contact.user.created_v3 / updated / deleted
+//	contact.department.created_v3 / updated / deleted
+//	cal.event.created_v1 / updated / deleted
+//	approval.instance.status_changed
+//	approval.task.created
+//	attendance.check_v1
+//
+// Once verified, switch CatchAllEventTypes to return the slice above (and
+// document the change so users can override with --event-types '*' to
+// regain literal "everything the open platform sends").
+func CatchAllEventTypes() []string { return nil }

internal/event/registry/compact_processors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package registry
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+// CompactView is the JSON-encoded shape `dws event consume --compact`
+// writes per event. Implementations populate the common header fields
+// then layer event-type-specific semantic fields on top via "extra".
+type CompactView struct {
+	// Type echoes EventType for routing/filtering at the agent layer.
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+	// EventID is the SDK-assigned identifier (DataFrameHeader "eventId").
+	EventID string `json:"event_id,omitempty"`
+	// Timestamp is the event-born-time milliseconds value, surfaced under a
+	// shorter name agents typically expect.
+	Timestamp int64 `json:"timestamp,omitempty"`
+	// CorpID propagates the SDK's eventCorpId when present.
+	CorpID string `json:"corp_id,omitempty"`
+	// AppID propagates eventUnifiedAppId when present.
+	AppID string `json:"app_id,omitempty"`
+	// Extra holds the event-type-specific flattened fields (e.g.
+	// chat_id/sender_id for IM messages). Marshalled inline.
+	Extra map[string]any `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// MarshalJSON serialises CompactView with the Extra fields lifted to the
+// top level, dropping the wrapping "extra" key. This produces the flat
+// map output that agents prefer.
+func (v CompactView) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	out := make(map[string]any, 6+len(v.Extra))
+	out["type"] = v.Type
+	if v.EventID != "" {
+		out["event_id"] = v.EventID
+	}
+	if v.Timestamp != 0 {
+		out["timestamp"] = v.Timestamp
+	}
+	if v.CorpID != "" {
+		out["corp_id"] = v.CorpID
+	}
+	if v.AppID != "" {
+		out["app_id"] = v.AppID
+	}
+	for k, val := range v.Extra {
+		// Header fields win over Extra on collision — we never let a
+		// processor accidentally overwrite the documented top-level shape.
+		if _, taken := out[k]; taken {
+			continue
+		}
+		out[k] = val
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(out)
+}
+
+// Processor transforms one Event frame into a CompactView. Implementations
+// MUST NOT modify the input. Returning a zero CompactView is allowed and
+// falls back to the generic processor at the caller's discretion.
+type Processor func(ev transport.Event) CompactView
+
+// processors holds the registered specialised processors. Lookup is by
+// exact EventType match; wildcard support is intentionally absent because
+// compact rendering is identity-specific (per event_type schema).
+//
+// To register more event types, add entries here. Each processor receives
+// the full transport.Event and returns a CompactView with the per-type
+// semantic fields lifted into Extra. See GenericProcessor for the
+// fall-through behaviour applied to unregistered types.
+var processors = map[string]Processor{
+	// IM
+	"im.message.receive_v1": compactIMMessage,
+	"im.message.read_v1":    compactIMMessageRead,
+	// Approval
+	"approval.instance.status_changed": compactApprovalInstance,
+	"approval.task.created":            compactApprovalTask,
+	// Contact
+	"contact.user.created_v3": compactContactUser,
+	"contact.user.updated_v3": compactContactUser,
+	"contact.user.deleted_v3": compactContactUser,
+	// Calendar
+	"cal.event.created_v1": compactCalendarEvent,
+	"cal.event.updated_v1": compactCalendarEvent,
+	"cal.event.deleted_v1": compactCalendarEvent,
+	// Attendance
+	"attendance.check_v1": compactAttendanceCheck,
+}
+
+// LookupProcessor returns the registered processor for eventType, or
+// GenericProcessor when no specialised one exists.
+func LookupProcessor(eventType string) Processor {
+	if p, ok := processors[eventType]; ok {
+		return p
+	}
+	return GenericProcessor
+}
+
+// GenericProcessor is the fallback used when no specialised processor is
+// registered for the event type. It surfaces the 5 SDK header fields and
+// tries to parse the JSON payload — on parse failure it embeds the raw
+// payload string under "data" so nothing is lost.
+func GenericProcessor(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := CompactView{
+		Type:      ev.EventType,
+		EventID:   ev.EventID,
+		Timestamp: ev.EventBornTime,
+		CorpID:    ev.EventCorpID,
+		AppID:     ev.EventUnifiedAppID,
+		Extra:     map[string]any{},
+	}
+	var parsed map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(ev.Data), &parsed); err == nil {
+		for k, val := range parsed {
+			v.Extra[k] = val
+		}
+	} else if ev.Data != "" {
+		v.Extra["data"] = ev.Data
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// liftFromNested copies named keys from a nested map at top level on the
+// CompactView. No-op when nested is missing. Used by the per-type
+// processors to lift "sender.sender_id.open_id" style nested fields.
+func liftFromNested(v *CompactView, nestedKey string, keys ...string) {
+	nested, ok := v.Extra[nestedKey].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	for _, k := range keys {
+		if val, ok := nested[k]; ok {
+			if _, taken := v.Extra[k]; !taken {
+				v.Extra[k] = val
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// compactIMMessage is the specialised processor for IM message receipts
+// (event_type: im.message.receive_v1).
+//
+// The SDK payload for IM message events is a nested JSON document. The
+// canonical agent fields we expose are: message_id, chat_id, chat_type,
+// message_type, content (already a string for text messages), sender_id.
+// Any field DingTalk adds later flows through via the generic merge —
+// we never drop unknown fields, we just promote the common ones.
+func compactIMMessage(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	liftFromNested(&v, "message", "message_id", "chat_id", "chat_type", "message_type", "content")
+	// Sender open_id may be doubly nested: sender.sender_id.open_id.
+	if sender, ok := v.Extra["sender"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		if sid, ok := sender["sender_id"].(map[string]any); ok {
+			if open, ok := sid["open_id"]; ok {
+				if _, taken := v.Extra["sender_id"]; !taken {
+					v.Extra["sender_id"] = open
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// compactIMMessageRead lifts message read receipts (open_id of the reader
+// + the message_ids they acknowledged).
+func compactIMMessageRead(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	liftFromNested(&v, "reader", "open_id", "read_time")
+	liftFromNested(&v, "context", "open_message_ids")
+	return v
+}
+
+// compactApprovalInstance promotes the approval-instance-level identity
+// fields (instance_id / status / business_id / process_code) and the
+// requestor name.
+func compactApprovalInstance(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	liftFromNested(&v, "instance", "instance_id", "process_code", "business_id", "title")
+	liftFromNested(&v, "status_change", "from_status", "to_status", "operate_time")
+	if op, ok := v.Extra["operator"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		if id, ok := op["userid"]; ok {
+			v.Extra["operator_userid"] = id
+		}
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// compactApprovalTask lifts task assignment info (task_id, assignee user_id).
+func compactApprovalTask(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	liftFromNested(&v, "task", "task_id", "instance_id", "status", "action_type")
+	if assignee, ok := v.Extra["assignee"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		if id, ok := assignee["userid"]; ok {
+			v.Extra["assignee_userid"] = id
+		}
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// compactContactUser lifts the user identity for user lifecycle events.
+func compactContactUser(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	liftFromNested(&v, "user", "open_id", "userid", "name", "active")
+	if v.Extra["open_id"] == nil {
+		// older payload may put open_id at top level under "open_ids" array
+		if arr, ok := v.Extra["open_ids"].([]any); ok && len(arr) > 0 {
+			v.Extra["open_id"] = arr[0]
+		}
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// compactCalendarEvent lifts calendar event identity + organiser.
+func compactCalendarEvent(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	liftFromNested(&v, "event", "event_id", "calendar_id", "title", "start_time", "end_time", "location")
+	if org, ok := v.Extra["organizer"].(map[string]any); ok {
+		if id, ok := org["userid"]; ok {
+			v.Extra["organizer_userid"] = id
+		}
+	}
+	return v
+}
+
+// compactAttendanceCheck lifts the punch info (userid, check_time, location).
+func compactAttendanceCheck(ev transport.Event) CompactView {
+	v := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	liftFromNested(&v, "punch", "userid", "check_time", "check_type", "location_method")
+	return v
+}

internal/event/registry/compact_processors_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package registry
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+)
+
+func mustJSON(t *testing.T, v any) map[string]any {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal: %v", err)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func TestGenericProcessor_HeaderFieldsPromoted(t *testing.T) {
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventID:           "ev_1",
+		EventBornTime:     1700000000123,
+		EventCorpID:       "corp_x",
+		EventType:         "approval.task",
+		EventUnifiedAppID: "app_y",
+		Data:              `{"task_id":"t1","status":"approved"}`,
+	}
+	cv := GenericProcessor(ev)
+	out := mustJSON(t, cv)
+	wants := map[string]any{
+		"type":      "approval.task",
+		"event_id":  "ev_1",
+		"corp_id":   "corp_x",
+		"app_id":    "app_y",
+		"task_id":   "t1",
+		"status":    "approved",
+		"timestamp": float64(1700000000123),
+	}
+	for k, want := range wants {
+		if got := out[k]; got != want {
+			t.Errorf("compact[%q] = %v, want %v", k, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenericProcessor_PayloadParseFailEmbedsRaw(t *testing.T) {
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventType: "x",
+		Data:      "not json",
+	}
+	out := mustJSON(t, GenericProcessor(ev))
+	if out["data"] != "not json" {
+		t.Fatalf("non-JSON Data should land under 'data', got: %v", out["data"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenericProcessor_EmptyDataNoExtraData(t *testing.T) {
+	ev := transport.Event{EventType: "x", Data: ""}
+	out := mustJSON(t, GenericProcessor(ev))
+	if _, ok := out["data"]; ok {
+		t.Errorf("empty Data should not produce a 'data' key; got: %v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactView_HeaderFieldsWinOverExtra(t *testing.T) {
+	// A malicious or buggy processor that tries to overwrite "type" must
+	// be ignored — header fields are the documented contract.
+	cv := CompactView{
+		Type:  "the_real_type",
+		Extra: map[string]any{"type": "fake"},
+	}
+	out := mustJSON(t, cv)
+	if out["type"] != "the_real_type" {
+		t.Fatalf("Extra 'type' must not override header; got %v", out["type"])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLookupProcessor_FallsBackToGeneric(t *testing.T) {
+	p := LookupProcessor("never.registered.event")
+	if p == nil {
+		t.Fatal("LookupProcessor should never return nil")
+	}
+	cv := p(transport.Event{EventType: "never.registered.event", Data: "{}"})
+	if cv.Type != "never.registered.event" {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback processor type = %q", cv.Type)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactIMMessage_LiftsNestedFields(t *testing.T) {
+	// Simulate the nested SDK shape: {"message": {...}, "sender": {...}}.
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventType: "im.message.receive_v1",
+		EventID:   "ev_abc",
+		Data: `{
+			"message": {
+				"message_id": "om_x",
+				"chat_id": "oc_y",
+				"chat_type": "p2p",
+				"message_type": "text",
+				"content": "{\"text\":\"hello\"}"
+			},
+			"sender": {
+				"sender_id": {"open_id": "ou_z"},
+				"sender_type": "user"
+			}
+		}`,
+	}
+	out := mustJSON(t, compactIMMessage(ev))
+	if out["message_id"] != "om_x" {
+		t.Errorf("message_id = %v", out["message_id"])
+	}
+	if out["chat_id"] != "oc_y" {
+		t.Errorf("chat_id = %v", out["chat_id"])
+	}
+	if out["chat_type"] != "p2p" {
+		t.Errorf("chat_type = %v", out["chat_type"])
+	}
+	if out["sender_id"] != "ou_z" {
+		t.Errorf("sender_id = %v", out["sender_id"])
+	}
+	// Original nested fields should still be present too (generic merge).
+	if _, ok := out["message"]; !ok {
+		t.Error("nested 'message' should also be retained for downstream consumers")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactIMMessage_FlatPayloadAlsoWorks(t *testing.T) {
+	// If the SDK ever flattens these to the top level, we should still
+	// surface them — generic merge already does this.
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventType: "im.message.receive_v1",
+		Data:      `{"message_id":"om_x","chat_id":"oc_y","content":"hi"}`,
+	}
+	out := mustJSON(t, compactIMMessage(ev))
+	if out["message_id"] != "om_x" || out["chat_id"] != "oc_y" || out["content"] != "hi" {
+		t.Fatalf("flat fields lost: %+v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCatchAllEventTypes_EmptyForV1(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := CatchAllEventTypes(); got != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("CatchAllEventTypes v1 should be nil, got %v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpecialisedProcessorsRegistered(t *testing.T) {
+	// Sentinel: every specialised event type should resolve to a non-
+	// GenericProcessor function. If a P7 entry was accidentally dropped
+	// from the registry map this catches it before runtime users do.
+	wantRegistered := []string{
+		"im.message.receive_v1",
+		"im.message.read_v1",
+		"approval.instance.status_changed",
+		"approval.task.created",
+		"contact.user.created_v3",
+		"contact.user.updated_v3",
+		"contact.user.deleted_v3",
+		"cal.event.created_v1",
+		"cal.event.updated_v1",
+		"cal.event.deleted_v1",
+		"attendance.check_v1",
+	}
+	for _, et := range wantRegistered {
+		if _, ok := processors[et]; !ok {
+			t.Errorf("event type %q should have a registered processor", et)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactApprovalInstance(t *testing.T) {
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventType: "approval.instance.status_changed",
+		Data: `{
+			"instance": {
+				"instance_id": "inst_123",
+				"process_code": "proc_abc",
+				"title": "请假申请"
+			},
+			"status_change": {
+				"from_status": "PENDING",
+				"to_status": "APPROVED"
+			},
+			"operator": {"userid": "user_xyz"}
+		}`,
+	}
+	out := mustJSON(t, compactApprovalInstance(ev))
+	for k, want := range map[string]any{
+		"instance_id":     "inst_123",
+		"process_code":    "proc_abc",
+		"title":           "请假申请",
+		"from_status":     "PENDING",
+		"to_status":       "APPROVED",
+		"operator_userid": "user_xyz",
+	} {
+		if out[k] != want {
+			t.Errorf("approval[%q] = %v, want %v", k, out[k], want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactContactUser(t *testing.T) {
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventType: "contact.user.created_v3",
+		Data:      `{"user":{"open_id":"ou_x","userid":"u_x","name":"Alice","active":true}}`,
+	}
+	out := mustJSON(t, compactContactUser(ev))
+	if out["open_id"] != "ou_x" || out["userid"] != "u_x" || out["name"] != "Alice" {
+		t.Errorf("contact user fields missing: %+v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCompactCalendarEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	ev := transport.Event{
+		EventType: "cal.event.created_v1",
+		Data:      `{"event":{"event_id":"e1","title":"Standup","start_time":"2026-01-01T09:00:00Z"},"organizer":{"userid":"u_x"}}`,
+	}
+	out := mustJSON(t, compactCalendarEvent(ev))
+	if out["event_id"] != "e1" || out["title"] != "Standup" || out["organizer_userid"] != "u_x" {
+		t.Errorf("calendar event fields missing: %+v", out)
+	}
+}

internal/event/registry/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package registry holds two cross-cutting reference data sets used by
+// daemon, consume, and the cobra command layer:
+//
+//   - CatchAll: the default event_type list passed to `consume`'s Hello
+//     when --event-types is omitted. v1 (P4) ships an empty list so the
+//     consumer falls back to bus-wide catch-all; P7 fills in the curated
+//     DingTalk default set after P0 SDK verification confirms the exact
+//     event_type string values.
+//
+//   - CompactProcessors: per-event_type formatters that flatten the SDK
+//     RawEvent into an agent-friendly map[string]any. A generic processor
+//     handles unknown types by surfacing the top-level header fields plus
+//     a parsed payload; specialised processors (im.message.* etc.) extract
+//     semantically meaningful fields.
+package registry

internal/event/source/dingtalk.go

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package source wraps the open-dingtalk Stream SDK and exposes a small
+// blocking Start interface plus a connection state machine. The SDK is the
+// only place in the bus that talks to the cloud; the rest of the bus stays
+// vendor-agnostic and would be drop-in replaceable for a different Stream
+// provider.
+package source
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/client"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/event"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/payload"
+)
+
+// Config carries the credentials and behavioural knobs needed to construct a
+// DingtalkSource. ClientID/ClientSecret are required for app-credential SDK
+// mode. Portal ticket normal mode uses portal-side managed credentials, so it
+// does not require local app credentials.
+type Config struct {
+	ClientID     string
+	ClientSecret string
+	// PortalTicket switches the source to the portal-managed user Stream
+	// ticket flow. When set, Start fetches endpoint+ticket over HTTP and
+	// dials the returned WebSocket directly instead of asking the SDK to
+	// open an app-credential connection.
+	PortalTicket *PortalTicketConfig
+	// Now is injected for tests. Defaults to time.Now when nil.
+	Now func() time.Time
+}
+
+// SourceOptions is the functional-option type reserved for future overlay
+// extensions (e.g. inject trace IDs into emit, swap the underlying client
+// for a fake). v1 takes no options; the type exists so callers can write
+// `New(cfg)` today and `New(cfg, WithFoo())` tomorrow without an API break.
+// See plan §7 Edition 扩展点.
+type SourceOption func(*sourceConfig)
+
+type sourceConfig struct {
+	// reserved for v2 hooks (pre-emit interceptor, etc.)
+}
+
+// DingtalkSource is the cloud-side adapter. It owns one StreamClient and one
+// state Machine; lifecycle is bounded by the context passed to Start.
+type DingtalkSource struct {
+	cfg     Config
+	machine *Machine
+	cli     *client.StreamClient
+}
+
+// New constructs a DingtalkSource. Returns an error if required Config
+// fields are missing — keep the boundary tight so misconfiguration fails
+// loudly rather than at first-event time.
+func New(cfg Config, _ ...SourceOption) (*DingtalkSource, error) {
+	if cfg.PortalTicket != nil {
+		if err := cfg.PortalTicket.Valid(); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if cfg.PortalTicket.normalizedMode() == PortalTicketModeCustom && cfg.ClientID == "" {
+			return nil, errors.New("source: ClientID is required")
+		}
+	} else {
+		if cfg.ClientID == "" {
+			return nil, errors.New("source: ClientID is required")
+		}
+		if cfg.ClientSecret == "" {
+			return nil, errors.New("source: ClientSecret is required")
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg.Now == nil {
+		cfg.Now = time.Now
+	}
+	m := NewMachine()
+	m.now = cfg.Now
+	return &DingtalkSource{cfg: cfg, machine: m}, nil
+}
+
+// State returns the current Snapshot of the connection state machine.
+func (s *DingtalkSource) State() Snapshot { return s.machine.Snapshot() }
+
+// Start opens the Stream WebSocket and blocks until ctx is cancelled or a
+// fatal SDK error occurs. Events are delivered to emit synchronously from
+// the SDK callback goroutine — emit MUST return immediately (the SDK's
+// processLoop is single-goroutine; see plan invariant #1 and P0 §1 row 2).
+//
+// Blocking semantics: the underlying StreamClient.Start returns as soon as
+// dial succeeds (it spawns its own processLoop goroutine), so we wait on
+// ctx.Done() before returning. cli.Close() is always called on exit; ctx.Err
+// is returned for context cancellation, otherwise the underlying error.
+func (s *DingtalkSource) Start(ctx context.Context, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) error {
+	if emit == nil {
+		return errors.New("source: emit is required")
+	}
+	if s.cli != nil {
+		return errors.New("source: Start called twice")
+	}
+	if s.cfg.PortalTicket != nil {
+		return s.startPortalTicket(ctx, emit)
+	}
+
+	options := []client.ClientOption{
+		client.WithAppCredential(client.NewAppCredentialConfig(s.cfg.ClientID, s.cfg.ClientSecret)),
+	}
+	s.cli = client.NewStreamClient(options...)
+	s.cli.RegisterAllEventRouter(s.makeHandler(emit))
+
+	s.machine.OnConnecting()
+	if err := s.cli.Start(ctx); err != nil {
+		s.machine.OnStopped()
+		return err
+	}
+	s.machine.OnConnected()
+
+	<-ctx.Done()
+	s.cli.Close()
+	s.machine.OnStopped()
+	return ctx.Err()
+}
+
+// makeHandler returns the IFrameHandler closure the SDK invokes for every
+// inbound event. The closure:
+//  1. parses the EventHeader from the raw DataFrame,
+//  2. builds a RawEvent with all 5 SDK header fields + payload + receive
+//     time + full header map (passthrough),
+//  3. calls emit (non-blocking by contract),
+//  4. updates the state machine,
+//  5. returns SUCCESS (LATER is reserved for future explicit retry policy;
+//     v1 always Success and relies on dedup, see P0 §1 row 6).
+func (s *DingtalkSource) makeHandler(emit dwsevent.EmitFn) func(context.Context, *payload.DataFrame) (*payload.DataFrameResponse, error) {
+	return func(_ context.Context, df *payload.DataFrame) (*payload.DataFrameResponse, error) {
+		hdr := event.NewEventHeaderFromDataFrame(df)
+		raw := &dwsevent.RawEvent{
+			EventID:           hdr.EventId,
+			EventBornTime:     hdr.EventBornTime,
+			EventCorpID:       hdr.EventCorpId,
+			EventType:         hdr.EventType,
+			EventUnifiedAppID: hdr.EventUnifiedAppId,
+			Data:              df.Data,
+			Headers:           copyHeaders(df.Headers),
+			ReceivedAt:        s.cfg.Now().UTC(),
+		}
+		emit(raw)
+		s.machine.OnEvent()
+
+		resp := payload.NewSuccessDataFrameResponse()
+		if err := resp.SetJson(event.NewEventProcessResultSuccess()); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return resp, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func copyHeaders(h payload.DataFrameHeader) map[string]string {
+	if len(h) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(h))
+	for k, v := range h {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}

internal/event/source/dingtalk_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package source
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/event"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/payload"
+)
+
+func TestNew_RequiresClientID(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := New(Config{ClientSecret: "secret"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when ClientID empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNew_RequiresClientSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := New(Config{ClientID: "id"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when ClientSecret empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNew_DefaultsNow(t *testing.T) {
+	s, err := New(Config{ClientID: "id", ClientSecret: "secret"})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("New: %v", err)
+	}
+	if s.cfg.Now == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Now should default to time.Now")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNew_AcceptsPortalTicketNormalWithoutClientSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := New(Config{
+		PortalTicket: &PortalTicketConfig{
+			TicketURL:   "https://example.com/stream/connections/ticket",
+			AccessToken: "token",
+			SourceID:    "pre_open_source",
+			Mode:        "normal",
+		},
+	}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("New: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNew_RejectsPortalTicketCustomWithoutSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	if _, err := New(Config{
+		ClientID: "id",
+		PortalTicket: &PortalTicketConfig{
+			TicketURL:   "https://example.com/stream/connections/ticket",
+			AccessToken: "token",
+			SourceID:    "pre_open_source",
+			Mode:        "custom",
+			ClientID:    "custom_client",
+		},
+	}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error when custom portal ticket secret is empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequestPortalTicketCustomBody(t *testing.T) {
+	var got struct {
+		SourceID     string `json:"sourceId"`
+		ChannelType  string `json:"channelType"`
+		Mode         string `json:"mode"`
+		ClientID     string `json:"clientId"`
+		ClientSecret string `json:"clientSecret"`
+	}
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if token := r.Header.Get("x-user-access-token"); token != "token-123" {
+			t.Fatalf("x-user-access-token = %q", token)
+		}
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&got); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode request: %v", err)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]string{
+				"endpoint": "wss://pre-wss-open-connection.dingtalk.com/connect",
+				"ticket":   "ticket-123",
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	ticket, err := requestPortalTicket(context.Background(), &PortalTicketConfig{
+		TicketURL:    srv.URL,
+		AccessToken:  "token-123",
+		SourceID:     "pre_open_source",
+		Mode:         "custom",
+		ClientID:     "custom_client",
+		ClientSecret: "custom_secret",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("requestPortalTicket: %v", err)
+	}
+	if ticket.Endpoint == "" || ticket.Ticket == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("ticket = %#v", ticket)
+	}
+	if got.SourceID != "pre_open_source" || got.ChannelType != "pre_open_source" {
+		t.Fatalf("source fields = %#v", got)
+	}
+	if got.Mode != "custom" || got.ClientID != "custom_client" || got.ClientSecret != "custom_secret" {
+		t.Fatalf("custom fields = %#v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestState_InitiallyDisconnected(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _ := New(Config{ClientID: "id", ClientSecret: "secret"})
+	if got := s.State().State; got != StateDisconnected {
+		t.Fatalf("initial state = %s, want %s", got, StateDisconnected)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMakeHandler_TranslatesDataFrameToRawEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	fixed := time.Date(2026, 5, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	s, err := New(Config{
+		ClientID:     "id",
+		ClientSecret: "secret",
+		Now:          func() time.Time { return fixed },
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("New: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var got *dwsevent.RawEvent
+	handler := s.makeHandler(func(e *dwsevent.RawEvent) { got = e })
+
+	df := &payload.DataFrame{
+		SpecVersion: "1.0",
+		Type:        "EVENT",
+		Time:        1700000000,
+		Headers: payload.DataFrameHeader{
+			"eventId":           "ev_abc",
+			"eventBornTime":     "1700000000123",
+			"eventCorpId":       "corp_x",
+			"eventType":         "im.message.receive_v1",
+			"eventUnifiedAppId": "app_y",
+			"extra":             "passthrough",
+		},
+		Data: `{"chat":"hello"}`,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := handler(context.Background(), df)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("handler: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp == nil {
+		t.Fatal("handler returned nil resp")
+	}
+
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("emit was not called")
+	}
+	if got.EventID != "ev_abc" {
+		t.Errorf("EventID = %q, want %q", got.EventID, "ev_abc")
+	}
+	if got.EventType != "im.message.receive_v1" {
+		t.Errorf("EventType = %q", got.EventType)
+	}
+	if got.EventCorpID != "corp_x" {
+		t.Errorf("EventCorpID = %q", got.EventCorpID)
+	}
+	if got.EventUnifiedAppID != "app_y" {
+		t.Errorf("EventUnifiedAppID = %q", got.EventUnifiedAppID)
+	}
+	if got.EventBornTime != 1700000000123 {
+		t.Errorf("EventBornTime = %d", got.EventBornTime)
+	}
+	if got.Data != `{"chat":"hello"}` {
+		t.Errorf("Data = %q", got.Data)
+	}
+	if !got.ReceivedAt.Equal(fixed) {
+		t.Errorf("ReceivedAt = %v, want %v (injected Now)", got.ReceivedAt, fixed)
+	}
+	if got.Headers["extra"] != "passthrough" {
+		t.Error("passthrough header lost")
+	}
+
+	// Also verify the connection state machine ticked: handler should have
+	// called OnEvent, but since we never called OnConnected the visible
+	// state remains disconnected. We only verify the lastEventAt timestamp.
+	snap := s.State()
+	if snap.LastEventAt.IsZero() {
+		t.Error("OnEvent should have updated lastEventAt")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStart_RejectsNilEmit(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _ := New(Config{ClientID: "id", ClientSecret: "secret"})
+	err := s.Start(context.Background(), nil)
+	if err == nil || err.Error() == "" {
+		t.Fatalf("Start with nil emit should error, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMakeHandler_NilHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	s, _ := New(Config{ClientID: "id", ClientSecret: "secret"})
+	handler := s.makeHandler(func(*dwsevent.RawEvent) {})
+
+	df := &payload.DataFrame{
+		// no Headers at all
+		Data: "{}",
+	}
+	resp, err := handler(context.Background(), df)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("handler: %v", err)
+	}
+	if resp == nil {
+		t.Fatal("nil resp")
+	}
+}
+
+// Compile-time guard: the EventProcessResult we return must be the SDK's
+// EventProcessResultSuccess type. If the SDK ever changes the shape, this
+// will fail to compile.
+var _ = event.NewEventProcessResultSuccess

internal/event/source/personal.go

@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package source
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/event"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/payload"
+)
+
+const (
+	personalRawDebugPayloadLimit = 8192
+	personalReconnectMinBackoff  = time.Second
+	personalReconnectMaxBackoff  = 30 * time.Second
+)
+
+type PersonalConfig struct {
+	AccessToken     string
+	ClientID        string
+	ClientSecret    string
+	SourceID        string
+	TicketURL       string
+	TicketMode      string
+	HTTPClient      *http.Client
+	WebSocketDialer *websocket.Dialer
+	Now             func() time.Time
+	ReconnectMin    time.Duration
+	ReconnectMax    time.Duration
+}
+
+type PersonalSource struct {
+	cfg     PersonalConfig
+	machine *Machine
+	started atomic.Bool
+}
+
+type retryablePersonalError struct {
+	err error
+}
+
+func (e *retryablePersonalError) Error() string { return e.err.Error() }
+func (e *retryablePersonalError) Unwrap() error { return e.err }
+
+type ticketResponse struct {
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint"`
+	Ticket   string `json:"ticket"`
+}
+
+func NewPersonal(cfg PersonalConfig) (*PersonalSource, error) {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.AccessToken) == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal source: AccessToken is required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.ClientID) == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal source: ClientID is required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SourceID) == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal source: SourceID is required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(cfg.TicketURL) == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal source: TicketURL is required")
+	}
+	if cfg.TicketMode == "" {
+		cfg.TicketMode = "normal"
+	}
+	if cfg.TicketMode == "custom" && strings.TrimSpace(cfg.ClientSecret) == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal source: ClientSecret is required when stream ticket mode is custom")
+	}
+	if cfg.HTTPClient == nil {
+		cfg.HTTPClient = &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
+	}
+	if cfg.WebSocketDialer == nil {
+		cfg.WebSocketDialer = websocket.DefaultDialer
+	}
+	if cfg.Now == nil {
+		cfg.Now = time.Now
+	}
+	if cfg.ReconnectMin <= 0 {
+		cfg.ReconnectMin = personalReconnectMinBackoff
+	}
+	if cfg.ReconnectMax <= 0 {
+		cfg.ReconnectMax = personalReconnectMaxBackoff
+	}
+	if cfg.ReconnectMax < cfg.ReconnectMin {
+		cfg.ReconnectMax = cfg.ReconnectMin
+	}
+	m := NewMachine()
+	m.now = cfg.Now
+	return &PersonalSource{cfg: cfg, machine: m}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *PersonalSource) State() Snapshot { return s.machine.Snapshot() }
+
+func (s *PersonalSource) Start(ctx context.Context, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) error {
+	if emit == nil {
+		return errors.New("personal source: emit is required")
+	}
+	if !s.started.CompareAndSwap(false, true) {
+		return errors.New("personal source: Start called twice")
+	}
+	s.machine.OnConnecting()
+	defer s.machine.OnStopped()
+
+	backoff := s.cfg.ReconnectMin
+	for {
+		acked, err := s.runAttempt(ctx, emit)
+		if err == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			return ctx.Err()
+		}
+		if !isRetryablePersonalError(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+		if acked {
+			backoff = s.cfg.ReconnectMin
+		}
+		s.machine.OnReconnect()
+		slog.Warn("personal source reconnecting",
+			"error", personalRetryLogError(err),
+			"retry_in", backoff,
+			"reconnect_count", s.machine.Snapshot().ReconnectCount,
+		)
+		if err := waitPersonalReconnect(ctx, backoff); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		backoff = nextPersonalBackoff(backoff, s.cfg.ReconnectMax)
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *PersonalSource) runAttempt(ctx context.Context, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) (bool, error) {
+	ticket, err := s.fetchTicket(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	wsURL, err := endpointWithTicket(ticket.Endpoint, ticket.Ticket)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	conn, _, err := s.cfg.WebSocketDialer.DialContext(ctx, wsURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, retryPersonal(fmt.Errorf("personal source: dial websocket: %w", err))
+	}
+	attemptCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer func() {
+		cancel()
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	}()
+	closePersonalWebSocketOnContext(attemptCtx, conn)
+	s.machine.OnConnected()
+
+	acked := false
+	for {
+		messageType, data, err := conn.ReadMessage()
+		if err != nil {
+			if ctx.Err() != nil {
+				return acked, ctx.Err()
+			}
+			return acked, retryPersonal(fmt.Errorf("personal source: read websocket: %w", err))
+		}
+		if messageType != websocket.TextMessage {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := s.handleFrame(conn, data, emit); err != nil {
+			return acked, err
+		}
+		acked = true
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *PersonalSource) fetchTicket(ctx context.Context) (*ticketResponse, error) {
+	body := map[string]any{
+		"sourceId": s.cfg.SourceID,
+		"mode":     s.cfg.TicketMode,
+	}
+	if s.cfg.TicketMode == "custom" {
+		body["clientId"] = s.cfg.ClientID
+		body["clientSecret"] = s.cfg.ClientSecret
+	}
+	b, err := json.Marshal(body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, s.cfg.TicketURL, bytes.NewReader(b))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("personal source: create ticket request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("x-user-access-token", s.cfg.AccessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+s.cfg.AccessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("X-DWS-Client-Id", s.cfg.ClientID)
+	req.Header.Set("X-DWS-Source-Id", s.cfg.SourceID)
+
+	resp, err := s.cfg.HTTPClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, retryPersonal(fmt.Errorf("personal source: fetch ticket: %w", err))
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, config.MaxResponseBodySize))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, retryPersonal(fmt.Errorf("personal source: read ticket response: %w", err))
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		err := fmt.Errorf("personal source: ticket HTTP %d", resp.StatusCode)
+		if retryableTicketStatus(resp.StatusCode) {
+			return nil, retryPersonal(err)
+		}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ticket, err := decodeTicket(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if ticket.Endpoint == "" || ticket.Ticket == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("personal source: ticket response missing endpoint or ticket")
+	}
+	return ticket, nil
+}
+
+func (s *PersonalSource) handleFrame(conn *websocket.Conn, data []byte, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) error {
+	df, err := payload.DecodeDataFrame(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("personal source: decode dataframe: %w", err)
+	}
+	raw := s.rawEventFromDataFrame(df)
+	logPersonalDataFrame(raw, df.Data)
+	emit(raw)
+	resp := payload.NewSuccessDataFrameResponse()
+	resp.SetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKMessageId, df.GetMessageId())
+	resp.SetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKContentType, payload.DataFrameContentTypeKJson)
+	if err := resp.SetJson(event.NewEventProcessResultSuccess()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := conn.WriteJSON(resp); err != nil {
+		return retryPersonal(fmt.Errorf("personal source: write ack: %w", err))
+	}
+	s.machine.OnEvent()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *PersonalSource) rawEventFromDataFrame(df *payload.DataFrame) *dwsevent.RawEvent {
+	hdr := event.NewEventHeaderFromDataFrame(df)
+	dataFields := parsePersonalDataFields(df.Data)
+	now := time.Now
+	if s != nil && s.cfg.Now != nil {
+		now = s.cfg.Now
+	}
+	sourceID := ""
+	if s != nil {
+		sourceID = s.cfg.SourceID
+	}
+	raw := &dwsevent.RawEvent{
+		EventID:           firstNonEmpty(hdr.EventId, df.GetMessageId(), headerAny(df.Headers, "MESSAGE_ID", "messageId", "event_id", "eventId"), dataFields.string("eventId", "event_id")),
+		EventBornTime:     firstInt64(hdr.EventBornTime, df.GetTimestamp(), df.Time),
+		EventCorpID:       hdr.EventCorpId,
+		EventType:         firstNonEmpty(hdr.EventType, eventTypeFromHeaders(df.Headers), dataFields.string("eventKey", "event_key"), dataFields.nestedString([]string{"source", "tag"})),
+		EventUnifiedAppID: hdr.EventUnifiedAppId,
+		EventScope:        firstNonEmpty(headerAny(df.Headers, "event_scope", "eventScope"), "personal"),
+		SubscribeID:       firstNonEmpty(headerAny(df.Headers, "SUB_ID", "subscribe_id", "subscribeId", "sub_id", "subId"), dataFields.string("subId", "sub_id", "subscribeId", "subscribe_id")),
+		SourceID:          firstNonEmpty(headerAny(df.Headers, "SOURCE_ID", "source_id", "sourceId"), sourceID),
+		RuleType:          firstNonEmpty(headerAny(df.Headers, "RULE_TYPE", "rule_type", "ruleType"), dataFields.string("ruleType", "rule_type"), dataFields.nestedString([]string{"ext", "ruleType"}, []string{"ext", "rule_type"})),
+		Data:              df.Data,
+		Headers:           copyHeaders(df.Headers),
+		ReceivedAt:        now().UTC(),
+	}
+	return raw
+}
+
+func logPersonalDataFrame(raw *dwsevent.RawEvent, data string) {
+	if raw == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	slog.Debug("personal source received dataframe",
+		"event_type", raw.EventType,
+		"event_key", raw.EventType,
+		"event_id", raw.EventID,
+		"subscribe_id", raw.SubscribeID,
+		"source_id", raw.SourceID,
+		"rule_type", raw.RuleType,
+		"headers", redactPersonalRawStringMap(raw.Headers),
+		"data", sanitizePersonalRawPayload([]byte(data)),
+	)
+}
+
+func decodeTicket(data []byte) (*ticketResponse, error) {
+	var env struct {
+		Success bool            `json:"success"`
+		Result  json.RawMessage `json:"result"`
+		Data    json.RawMessage `json:"data"`
+		Error   any             `json:"error"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &env); err == nil && (env.Result != nil || env.Data != nil || env.Error != nil) {
+		raw := env.Result
+		if len(raw) == 0 || string(raw) == "null" {
+			raw = env.Data
+		}
+		var tr ticketResponse
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &tr); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("personal source: parse ticket result: %w", err)
+		}
+		return &tr, nil
+	}
+	var tr ticketResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tr); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("personal source: parse ticket response: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &tr, nil
+}
+
+func endpointWithTicket(endpoint, ticket string) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(endpoint))
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("personal source: parse endpoint: %w", err)
+	}
+	if (u.Scheme != "ws" && u.Scheme != "wss") || u.Host == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("personal source: ticket response contains invalid websocket endpoint")
+	}
+	q := u.Query()
+	if q.Get("ticket") == "" {
+		q.Set("ticket", ticket)
+		u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	}
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+func retryPersonal(err error) error {
+	if err == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return &retryablePersonalError{err: err}
+}
+
+func isRetryablePersonalError(err error) bool {
+	var retryable *retryablePersonalError
+	return errors.As(err, &retryable)
+}
+
+func personalRetryLogError(err error) string {
+	message := err.Error()
+	switch {
+	case strings.Contains(message, "ticket HTTP"):
+		return message
+	case strings.Contains(message, "fetch ticket"):
+		return "personal source: fetch ticket: network error"
+	case strings.Contains(message, "read ticket response"):
+		return "personal source: read ticket response: network error"
+	case strings.Contains(message, "dial websocket"):
+		return "personal source: dial websocket: network error"
+	case strings.Contains(message, "read websocket"):
+		return "personal source: read websocket: connection closed"
+	case strings.Contains(message, "write ack"):
+		return "personal source: write ack: connection error"
+	default:
+		return "personal source: retryable stream error"
+	}
+}
+
+func retryableTicketStatus(status int) bool {
+	return status == http.StatusRequestTimeout ||
+		status == http.StatusTooManyRequests ||
+		status >= http.StatusInternalServerError
+}
+
+func waitPersonalReconnect(ctx context.Context, delay time.Duration) error {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return ctx.Err()
+	case <-timer.C:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func nextPersonalBackoff(current, maximum time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	if current >= maximum || current > maximum/2 {
+		return maximum
+	}
+	return current * 2
+}
+
+func closePersonalWebSocketOnContext(ctx context.Context, conn *websocket.Conn) {
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	}()
+}
+
+func headerAny(h payload.DataFrameHeader, names ...string) string {
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if v := strings.TrimSpace(headerValue(h, name)); v != "" {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func headerValue(h payload.DataFrameHeader, name string) string {
+	if len(h) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if v := h.Get(name); strings.TrimSpace(v) != "" {
+		return v
+	}
+	for k, v := range h {
+		if strings.EqualFold(k, name) {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func eventTypeFromHeaders(h payload.DataFrameHeader) string {
+	if v := headerAny(h, "EVENT_TYPE", "event_type", "eventType", "EVENT_KEY", "event_key", "eventKey"); v != "" {
+		return v
+	}
+	if v := headerAny(h, "TOPIC", "topic"); v != "" && v != "*" {
+		return v
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+type personalDataFields map[string]any
+
+func parsePersonalDataFields(raw string) personalDataFields {
+	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if raw == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var value any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(raw), &value); err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if s, ok := value.(string); ok {
+		var nested any
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimSpace(s)), &nested); err == nil {
+			value = nested
+		}
+	}
+	m, ok := value.(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return personalDataFields(m)
+}
+
+func (f personalDataFields) string(names ...string) string {
+	if len(f) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, name := range names {
+		if v, ok := f[name].(string); ok && strings.TrimSpace(v) != "" {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+		for k, raw := range f {
+			if strings.EqualFold(k, name) {
+				if v, ok := raw.(string); ok && strings.TrimSpace(v) != "" {
+					return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func (f personalDataFields) nestedString(paths ...[]string) string {
+	if len(f) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, path := range paths {
+		if v := nestedStringCI(map[string]any(f), path...); v != "" {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func nestedStringCI(m map[string]any, path ...string) string {
+	var cur any = m
+	for _, segment := range path {
+		obj, ok := cur.(map[string]any)
+		if !ok {
+			return ""
+		}
+		next, ok := obj[segment]
+		if !ok {
+			for k, v := range obj {
+				if strings.EqualFold(k, segment) {
+					next = v
+					ok = true
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			return ""
+		}
+		cur = next
+	}
+	if v, ok := cur.(string); ok {
+		return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func firstNonEmpty(values ...string) string {
+	for _, v := range values {
+		if strings.TrimSpace(v) != "" {
+			return strings.TrimSpace(v)
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func firstInt64(values ...int64) int64 {
+	for _, v := range values {
+		if v != 0 {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
+func redactPersonalRawStringMap(in map[string]string) map[string]string {
+	if len(in) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]string, len(in))
+	for k, v := range in {
+		if personalRawSensitiveKey(k) {
+			out[k] = "<redacted>"
+			continue
+		}
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func sanitizePersonalRawPayload(data []byte) string {
+	data = bytes.TrimSpace(data)
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	var parsed any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &parsed); err == nil {
+		redacted := redactPersonalRawJSONValue(parsed)
+		if s, err := marshalPersonalRawJSON(redacted); err == nil {
+			return truncatePersonalRawLog(s)
+		}
+	}
+	return truncatePersonalRawLog(string(data))
+}
+
+func redactPersonalRawJSONValue(v any) any {
+	switch x := v.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		out := make(map[string]any, len(x))
+		for k, value := range x {
+			if personalRawSensitiveKey(k) {
+				out[k] = "<redacted>"
+				continue
+			}
+			out[k] = redactPersonalRawJSONValue(value)
+		}
+		return out
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]any, len(x))
+		for i, value := range x {
+			out[i] = redactPersonalRawJSONValue(value)
+		}
+		return out
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+func marshalPersonalRawJSON(v any) (string, error) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(&buf)
+	enc.SetEscapeHTML(false)
+	if err := enc.Encode(v); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(buf.String()), nil
+}
+
+func personalRawSensitiveKey(key string) bool {
+	key = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(key))
+	return strings.Contains(key, "token") ||
+		strings.Contains(key, "secret") ||
+		strings.Contains(key, "ticket") ||
+		strings.Contains(key, "authorization")
+}
+
+func truncatePersonalRawLog(s string) string {
+	if len(s) <= personalRawDebugPayloadLimit {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:personalRawDebugPayloadLimit] + "...<truncated>"
+}

internal/event/source/personal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,649 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package source
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"log/slog"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/bus"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event/transport"
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+	streamevent "github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/event"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/payload"
+)
+
+func TestPersonalSourceFetchTicketConnectsAndACKs(t *testing.T) {
+	logs := capturePersonalSourceDebugLogs(t)
+	var wsEndpoint string
+	ackCh := make(chan payload.DataFrameResponse, 1)
+	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{}
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/ticket", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if got := r.Header.Get("x-user-access-token"); got != "token-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("x-user-access-token = %q", got)
+		}
+		var req map[string]any
+		if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&req); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("decode ticket request: %v", err)
+		}
+		if req["sourceId"] != "open" || req["mode"] != "normal" {
+			t.Fatalf("ticket request = %#v", req)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"endpoint": wsEndpoint,
+				"ticket":   "ticket-1",
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/ws", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if got := r.URL.Query().Get("ticket"); got != "ticket-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("ticket query = %q", got)
+		}
+		conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("upgrade: %v", err)
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+		df := payload.DataFrame{
+			Type: "event",
+			Headers: payload.DataFrameHeader{
+				payload.DataFrameHeaderKMessageId:         "msg-1",
+				streamevent.DataFrameHeaderKEventId:       "evt-1",
+				streamevent.DataFrameHeaderKEventBornTime: "1234",
+				streamevent.DataFrameHeaderKEventCorpId:   "corp-1",
+				streamevent.DataFrameHeaderKEventType:     "user_im_message_receive_at",
+				"subscribeId":                             "sub-1",
+				"ruleType":                                "at",
+				"sourceId":                                "open",
+				"accessToken":                             "header-secret-token",
+			},
+			Data: `{"message":{"text":"hi"},"access_token":"data-secret-token","client_secret":"data-secret","ticket":"data-ticket","Authorization":"Bearer data-auth"}`,
+		}
+		if err := conn.WriteJSON(df); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write dataframe: %v", err)
+		}
+		var ack payload.DataFrameResponse
+		if err := conn.ReadJSON(&ack); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("read ack: %v", err)
+		}
+		ackCh <- ack
+	})
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer srv.Close()
+	wsEndpoint = "ws" + strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http") + "/ws"
+
+	src, err := NewPersonal(PersonalConfig{
+		AccessToken: "token-1",
+		ClientID:    "client-1",
+		SourceID:    "open",
+		TicketURL:   srv.URL + "/ticket",
+		TicketMode:  "normal",
+		HTTPClient:  srv.Client(),
+		Now:         func() time.Time { return time.Unix(10, 0) },
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("NewPersonal() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	evCh := make(chan *dwsevent.RawEvent, 1)
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		done <- src.Start(ctx, func(ev *dwsevent.RawEvent) { evCh <- ev })
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case ev := <-evCh:
+		if ev.SubscribeID != "sub-1" || ev.RuleType != "at" || ev.SourceID != "open" {
+			t.Fatalf("event personal fields = %#v", ev)
+		}
+		if ev.EventType != "user_im_message_receive_at" || ev.EventID != "evt-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("event = %#v", ev)
+		}
+		out := logs.String()
+		for _, want := range []string{"personal source received dataframe", "user_im_message_receive_at", "evt-1", "sub-1", "sourceId", "message", "<redacted>"} {
+			if !strings.Contains(out, want) {
+				t.Fatalf("debug log missing %q: %s", want, out)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, leaked := range []string{"header-secret-token", "data-secret-token", "data-secret", "data-ticket", "Bearer data-auth"} {
+			if strings.Contains(out, leaked) {
+				t.Fatalf("debug log leaked %q: %s", leaked, out)
+			}
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for event")
+	}
+	select {
+	case ack := <-ackCh:
+		if ack.Code != payload.DataFrameResponseStatusCodeKOK {
+			t.Fatalf("ack code = %d", ack.Code)
+		}
+		if ack.GetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKMessageId) != "msg-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("ack message id = %q", ack.GetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKMessageId))
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for ack")
+	}
+	cancel()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("source did not stop after cancel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceReconnectsWithFreshTicket(t *testing.T) {
+	var wsEndpoint string
+	var ticketCalls atomic.Int32
+	ackCh := make(chan int, 2)
+	holdSecond := make(chan struct{})
+	var releaseSecondOnce sync.Once
+	releaseSecond := func() { releaseSecondOnce.Do(func() { close(holdSecond) }) }
+	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{}
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/ticket", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		attempt := int(ticketCalls.Add(1))
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"success": true,
+			"result": map[string]any{
+				"endpoint": wsEndpoint,
+				"ticket":   fmt.Sprintf("ticket-%d", attempt),
+			},
+		})
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/ws", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		attempt, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimPrefix(r.URL.Query().Get("ticket"), "ticket-"))
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, "bad ticket", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+		if err := conn.WriteJSON(personalTestDataFrame(attempt)); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		var ack payload.DataFrameResponse
+		if err := conn.ReadJSON(&ack); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		ackCh <- attempt
+		if attempt == 2 {
+			<-holdSecond
+		}
+	})
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer srv.Close()
+	defer releaseSecond()
+	wsEndpoint = "ws" + strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http") + "/ws"
+
+	src, err := NewPersonal(PersonalConfig{
+		AccessToken:  "token",
+		ClientID:     "client",
+		SourceID:     "open",
+		TicketURL:    srv.URL + "/ticket",
+		HTTPClient:   srv.Client(),
+		ReconnectMin: 5 * time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectMax: 10 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	events := make(chan *dwsevent.RawEvent, 2)
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- src.Start(ctx, func(ev *dwsevent.RawEvent) { events <- ev }) }()
+
+	for i := 1; i <= 2; i++ {
+		select {
+		case ev := <-events:
+			if ev.EventID != fmt.Sprintf("evt-%d", i) {
+				t.Fatalf("event %d ID = %q", i, ev.EventID)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for event %d", i)
+		}
+		select {
+		case attempt := <-ackCh:
+			if attempt != i {
+				t.Fatalf("ack attempt = %d, want %d", attempt, i)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timed out waiting for ACK %d", i)
+		}
+	}
+	if got := ticketCalls.Load(); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("ticket calls = %d, want 2", got)
+	}
+	if got := src.State().ReconnectCount; got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("reconnect count = %d, want 1", got)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	releaseSecond()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Fatalf("Start() error = %v, want context canceled", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("source did not stop after cancel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceRetriesTicket500And429(t *testing.T) {
+	var wsEndpoint string
+	var ticketCalls atomic.Int32
+	acked := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	hold := make(chan struct{})
+	var releaseOnce sync.Once
+	release := func() { releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(hold) }) }
+	upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{}
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/ticket", func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		switch ticketCalls.Add(1) {
+		case 1:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		case 2:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+			return
+		default:
+			_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+				"success": true,
+				"result":  map[string]any{"endpoint": wsEndpoint, "ticket": "ticket-ok"},
+			})
+		}
+	})
+	mux.HandleFunc("/ws", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+		if err := conn.WriteJSON(personalTestDataFrame(1)); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		var ack payload.DataFrameResponse
+		if err := conn.ReadJSON(&ack); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		acked <- struct{}{}
+		<-hold
+	})
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(mux)
+	defer srv.Close()
+	defer release()
+	wsEndpoint = "ws" + strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http") + "/ws"
+
+	src, err := NewPersonal(PersonalConfig{
+		AccessToken:  "token",
+		ClientID:     "client",
+		SourceID:     "open",
+		TicketURL:    srv.URL + "/ticket",
+		HTTPClient:   srv.Client(),
+		ReconnectMin: time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectMax: 2 * time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- src.Start(ctx, func(*dwsevent.RawEvent) {}) }()
+	select {
+	case <-acked:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for recovered connection")
+	}
+	if got := ticketCalls.Load(); got != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("ticket calls = %d, want 3", got)
+	}
+	if got := src.State().ReconnectCount; got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("reconnect count = %d, want 2", got)
+	}
+	cancel()
+	release()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("source did not stop after cancel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceTicketFatalResponsesDoNotRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		status int
+		body   string
+	}{
+		{name: "unauthorized", status: http.StatusUnauthorized},
+		{name: "forbidden", status: http.StatusForbidden},
+		{name: "malformed success", status: http.StatusOK, body: `{"success":true,"result":{"endpoint":"","ticket":""}}`},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var calls atomic.Int32
+			srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+				calls.Add(1)
+				w.WriteHeader(tt.status)
+				_, _ = w.Write([]byte(tt.body))
+			}))
+			defer srv.Close()
+			src, err := NewPersonal(PersonalConfig{
+				AccessToken:  "token",
+				ClientID:     "client",
+				SourceID:     "open",
+				TicketURL:    srv.URL,
+				HTTPClient:   srv.Client(),
+				ReconnectMin: time.Millisecond,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if err := src.Start(t.Context(), func(*dwsevent.RawEvent) {}); err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("Start() error = nil, want fatal ticket error")
+			}
+			if got := calls.Load(); got != 1 {
+				t.Fatalf("ticket calls = %d, want 1", got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceRetriesTicketNetworkError(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	secondCall := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	httpClient := &http.Client{Transport: roundTripFunc(func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		if calls.Add(1) == 2 {
+			secondCall <- struct{}{}
+		}
+		return nil, errors.New("network unavailable")
+	})}
+	src, err := NewPersonal(PersonalConfig{
+		AccessToken:  "token",
+		ClientID:     "client",
+		SourceID:     "open",
+		TicketURL:    "https://ticket.invalid",
+		HTTPClient:   httpClient,
+		ReconnectMin: time.Millisecond,
+		ReconnectMax: time.Millisecond,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- src.Start(ctx, func(*dwsevent.RawEvent) {}) }()
+	select {
+	case <-secondCall:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("ticket network error was not retried")
+	}
+	cancel()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Fatalf("Start() error = %v, want context canceled", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("source did not stop after cancel")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceCancelDuringReconnectBackoff(t *testing.T) {
+	requestDone := make(chan struct{}, 1)
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
+		requestDone <- struct{}{}
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+	src, err := NewPersonal(PersonalConfig{
+		AccessToken:  "token",
+		ClientID:     "client",
+		SourceID:     "open",
+		TicketURL:    srv.URL,
+		HTTPClient:   srv.Client(),
+		ReconnectMin: 5 * time.Second,
+		ReconnectMax: 5 * time.Second,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- src.Start(ctx, func(*dwsevent.RawEvent) {}) }()
+	select {
+	case <-requestDone:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("ticket request did not arrive")
+	}
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(time.Second)
+	for src.State().ReconnectCount == 0 && time.Now().Before(deadline) {
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if src.State().ReconnectCount == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("source did not enter reconnect backoff")
+	}
+	cancel()
+	select {
+	case err := <-done:
+		if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			t.Fatalf("Start() error = %v, want context canceled", err)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(500 * time.Millisecond):
+		t.Fatal("source did not exit promptly during reconnect backoff")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNextPersonalBackoffCapsAtMaximum(t *testing.T) {
+	if got := nextPersonalBackoff(time.Second, 30*time.Second); got != 2*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("next backoff = %s, want 2s", got)
+	}
+	if got := nextPersonalBackoff(20*time.Second, 30*time.Second); got != 30*time.Second {
+		t.Fatalf("capped backoff = %s, want 30s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalRetryLogErrorDoesNotExposeWebSocketURL(t *testing.T) {
+	err := retryPersonal(errors.New("personal source: dial websocket: wss://example.test/ws?ticket=secret-ticket"))
+	got := personalRetryLogError(err)
+	if strings.Contains(got, "secret-ticket") || strings.Contains(got, "example.test") {
+		t.Fatalf("retry log exposed websocket details: %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceParsesUppercaseHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	src := personalSourceForRawEventTests()
+	data := `{"payload":true}`
+	raw := src.rawEventFromDataFrame(&payload.DataFrame{
+		Time: 12345,
+		Headers: payload.DataFrameHeader{
+			"EVENT_TYPE": "user_im_message_receive_o2o",
+			"SUB_ID":     "sub-1",
+			"SOURCE_ID":  "pre_open_source",
+			"MESSAGE_ID": "evt-1",
+		},
+		Data: data,
+	})
+
+	if raw.EventType != "user_im_message_receive_o2o" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventType = %q", raw.EventType)
+	}
+	if raw.SubscribeID != "sub-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("SubscribeID = %q", raw.SubscribeID)
+	}
+	if raw.SourceID != "pre_open_source" {
+		t.Fatalf("SourceID = %q", raw.SourceID)
+	}
+	if raw.EventID != "evt-1" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventID = %q", raw.EventID)
+	}
+	if raw.EventScope != "personal" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventScope = %q", raw.EventScope)
+	}
+	if raw.Data != data {
+		t.Fatalf("Data changed: %q", raw.Data)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceParsesTopicFallbackAndIgnoresWildcard(t *testing.T) {
+	src := personalSourceForRawEventTests()
+	raw := src.rawEventFromDataFrame(&payload.DataFrame{
+		Headers: payload.DataFrameHeader{
+			"TOPIC": "user_im_message_receive_o2o",
+			"topic": "*",
+		},
+	})
+	if raw.EventType != "user_im_message_receive_o2o" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventType from TOPIC = %q", raw.EventType)
+	}
+
+	raw = src.rawEventFromDataFrame(&payload.DataFrame{
+		Headers: payload.DataFrameHeader{"topic": "*"},
+	})
+	if raw.EventType != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventType from wildcard topic = %q, want empty", raw.EventType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceParsesDataFallbackWithoutChangingData(t *testing.T) {
+	src := personalSourceForRawEventTests()
+	payloadJSON := `{"eventKey":"user_im_message_receive_o2o","subId":"sub-data","eventId":"evt-data","ext":{"ruleType":"singleChat"}}`
+	encodedPayload, err := json.Marshal(payloadJSON)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	data := string(encodedPayload)
+
+	raw := src.rawEventFromDataFrame(&payload.DataFrame{Data: data})
+	if raw.EventType != "user_im_message_receive_o2o" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventType = %q", raw.EventType)
+	}
+	if raw.SubscribeID != "sub-data" {
+		t.Fatalf("SubscribeID = %q", raw.SubscribeID)
+	}
+	if raw.EventID != "evt-data" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventID = %q", raw.EventID)
+	}
+	if raw.RuleType != "singleChat" {
+		t.Fatalf("RuleType = %q", raw.RuleType)
+	}
+	if raw.Data != data {
+		t.Fatalf("Data changed: %q", raw.Data)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceParsesSourceTagDataFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	src := personalSourceForRawEventTests()
+	data := `{"source":{"tag":"user_im_message_receive_group"},"subId":"sub-group"}`
+
+	raw := src.rawEventFromDataFrame(&payload.DataFrame{Data: data})
+	if raw.EventType != "user_im_message_receive_group" {
+		t.Fatalf("EventType = %q", raw.EventType)
+	}
+	if raw.SubscribeID != "sub-group" {
+		t.Fatalf("SubscribeID = %q", raw.SubscribeID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPersonalSourceParsedHeadersPassNormalBusFilter(t *testing.T) {
+	src := personalSourceForRawEventTests()
+	raw := src.rawEventFromDataFrame(&payload.DataFrame{
+		Headers: payload.DataFrameHeader{
+			"EVENT_TYPE": "user_im_message_receive_o2o",
+			"SUB_ID":     "sub-1",
+		},
+	})
+	h := bus.NewHub(10)
+	c, err := h.Register(transport.Hello{
+		EventTypes:  []string{"user_im_message_receive_o2o"},
+		SubscribeID: "sub-1",
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	h.Deliver(raw)
+
+	select {
+	case frame := <-c.SendCh:
+		ev, ok := frame.(transport.Event)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("frame = %T, want transport.Event", frame)
+		}
+		if ev.EventType != "user_im_message_receive_o2o" || ev.SubscribeID != "sub-1" {
+			t.Fatalf("event = %#v", ev)
+		}
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for filtered event")
+	}
+}
+
+func personalSourceForRawEventTests() *PersonalSource {
+	return &PersonalSource{cfg: PersonalConfig{
+		SourceID: "fallback_source",
+		Now:      func() time.Time { return time.Unix(20, 0) },
+	}}
+}
+
+func personalTestDataFrame(attempt int) payload.DataFrame {
+	return payload.DataFrame{
+		Type: "event",
+		Headers: payload.DataFrameHeader{
+			payload.DataFrameHeaderKMessageId:     fmt.Sprintf("msg-%d", attempt),
+			streamevent.DataFrameHeaderKEventId:   fmt.Sprintf("evt-%d", attempt),
+			streamevent.DataFrameHeaderKEventType: "user_im_message_receive_o2o",
+			"SUB_ID":                              fmt.Sprintf("sub-%d", attempt),
+		},
+		Data: fmt.Sprintf(`{"eventKey":"user_im_message_receive_o2o","eventId":"evt-%d"}`, attempt),
+	}
+}
+
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
+
+func capturePersonalSourceDebugLogs(t *testing.T) *bytes.Buffer {
+	t.Helper()
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	previous := slog.Default()
+	slog.SetDefault(slog.New(slog.NewJSONHandler(&buf, &slog.HandlerOptions{Level: slog.LevelDebug})))
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		slog.SetDefault(previous)
+	})
+	return &buf
+}

internal/event/source/portal_ticket.go

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package source
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/gorilla/websocket"
+	"github.com/open-dingtalk/dingtalk-stream-sdk-go/payload"
+)
+
+const (
+	PortalTicketModeNormal = "normal"
+	PortalTicketModeCustom = "custom"
+)
+
+// PortalTicketConfig describes the portal-managed user Stream ticket flow.
+// normal mode uses portal-side managed credentials; custom mode asks portal to
+// open the user connection with the caller-provided clientId/clientSecret.
+type PortalTicketConfig struct {
+	TicketURL    string
+	AccessToken  string
+	SourceID     string
+	Mode         string
+	ClientID     string
+	ClientSecret string
+	UserAgent    string
+	HTTPClient   *http.Client
+}
+
+func (c *PortalTicketConfig) Valid() error {
+	if c == nil {
+		return errors.New("source: PortalTicketConfig is nil")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(c.TicketURL) == "" {
+		return errors.New("source: portal ticket URL is required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(c.AccessToken) == "" {
+		return errors.New("source: portal access token is required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(c.SourceID) == "" {
+		return errors.New("source: portal sourceId is required")
+	}
+	mode := normalizePortalTicketMode(c.Mode)
+	if mode == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("source: unsupported portal ticket mode %q", c.Mode)
+	}
+	if mode == PortalTicketModeCustom &&
+		(strings.TrimSpace(c.ClientID) == "" || strings.TrimSpace(c.ClientSecret) == "") {
+		return errors.New("source: custom portal ticket mode requires clientId/clientSecret")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *PortalTicketConfig) normalizedMode() string {
+	return normalizePortalTicketMode(c.Mode)
+}
+
+func normalizePortalTicketMode(mode string) string {
+	mode = strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(mode))
+	if mode == "" {
+		return PortalTicketModeNormal
+	}
+	switch mode {
+	case PortalTicketModeNormal, PortalTicketModeCustom:
+		return mode
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *DingtalkSource) startPortalTicket(ctx context.Context, emit dwsevent.EmitFn) error {
+	s.machine.OnConnecting()
+
+	ticket, err := requestPortalTicket(ctx, s.cfg.PortalTicket)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.machine.OnStopped()
+		return err
+	}
+	wsURL, err := websocketURL(ticket)
+	if err != nil {
+		s.machine.OnStopped()
+		return err
+	}
+
+	userAgent := strings.TrimSpace(s.cfg.PortalTicket.UserAgent)
+	if userAgent == "" {
+		userAgent = "dws-event-consume"
+	}
+	conn, resp, err := (&websocket.Dialer{HandshakeTimeout: 20 * time.Second}).DialContext(ctx, wsURL, http.Header{
+		"User-Agent": []string{userAgent},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		s.machine.OnStopped()
+		if resp != nil {
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+			raw, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1<<20))
+			return fmt.Errorf("source: portal stream connect HTTP %d: %s: %w",
+				resp.StatusCode, truncatePortalTicketLog(string(raw), 300), err)
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("source: portal stream connect: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	s.machine.OnConnected()
+
+	closeOnContext(ctx, conn)
+	handler := s.makeHandler(emit)
+	for {
+		messageType, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
+		if err != nil {
+			s.machine.OnStopped()
+			if isContextDone(ctx) {
+				return ctx.Err()
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("source: portal stream read: %w", err)
+		}
+		if messageType != websocket.TextMessage && messageType != websocket.BinaryMessage {
+			continue
+		}
+		df, err := payload.DecodeDataFrame(message)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		resp, err := handler(ctx, df)
+		if err != nil {
+			s.machine.OnStopped()
+			return err
+		}
+		if resp == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ensurePortalAckHeaders(resp, df)
+		if err := conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, resp.Encode()); err != nil {
+			s.machine.OnStopped()
+			if isContextDone(ctx) {
+				return ctx.Err()
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("source: portal stream ack: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type portalStreamTicket struct {
+	Endpoint string `json:"endpoint"`
+	Ticket   string `json:"ticket"`
+}
+
+func requestPortalTicket(ctx context.Context, cfg *PortalTicketConfig) (portalStreamTicket, error) {
+	httpClient := cfg.HTTPClient
+	if httpClient == nil {
+		httpClient = &http.Client{Timeout: 20 * time.Second}
+	}
+	body := map[string]string{
+		"sourceId":    strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SourceID),
+		"channelType": strings.TrimSpace(cfg.SourceID),
+		"mode":        cfg.normalizedMode(),
+	}
+	if cfg.normalizedMode() == PortalTicketModeCustom {
+		body["clientId"] = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.ClientID)
+		body["clientSecret"] = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.ClientSecret)
+	}
+	rawBody, err := json.Marshal(body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return portalStreamTicket{}, err
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, strings.TrimSpace(cfg.TicketURL), bytes.NewReader(rawBody))
+	if err != nil {
+		return portalStreamTicket{}, err
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	if ua := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.UserAgent); ua != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("User-Agent", ua)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("x-user-access-token", cfg.AccessToken)
+
+	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return portalStreamTicket{}, fmt.Errorf("source: portal ticket request: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	raw, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 1<<20))
+	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
+		return portalStreamTicket{}, fmt.Errorf("source: portal ticket HTTP %d: %s",
+			resp.StatusCode, truncatePortalTicketLog(string(raw), 300))
+	}
+
+	var direct portalStreamTicket
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &direct); err == nil && direct.Endpoint != "" && direct.Ticket != "" {
+		return direct, nil
+	}
+
+	var envelope struct {
+		Success   bool               `json:"success"`
+		Result    portalStreamTicket `json:"result"`
+		ErrorCode string             `json:"errorCode"`
+		ErrorMsg  string             `json:"errorMsg"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &envelope); err != nil {
+		return portalStreamTicket{}, fmt.Errorf("source: portal ticket parse: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !envelope.Success {
+		return portalStreamTicket{}, fmt.Errorf("source: portal ticket failed: %s %s",
+			envelope.ErrorCode, envelope.ErrorMsg)
+	}
+	if envelope.Result.Endpoint == "" || envelope.Result.Ticket == "" {
+		return portalStreamTicket{}, errors.New("source: portal ticket result missing endpoint/ticket")
+	}
+	return envelope.Result, nil
+}
+
+func websocketURL(ticket portalStreamTicket) (string, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(ticket.Endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	q := u.Query()
+	q.Set("ticket", ticket.Ticket)
+	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
+	return u.String(), nil
+}
+
+func ensurePortalAckHeaders(resp *payload.DataFrameResponse, df *payload.DataFrame) {
+	if resp.GetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKMessageId) == "" {
+		resp.SetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKMessageId, df.GetMessageId())
+	}
+	if resp.GetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKContentType) == "" {
+		resp.SetHeader(payload.DataFrameHeaderKContentType, payload.DataFrameContentTypeKJson)
+	}
+}
+
+func closeOnContext(ctx context.Context, conn *websocket.Conn) {
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		_ = conn.Close()
+	}()
+}
+
+func isContextDone(ctx context.Context) bool {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func truncatePortalTicketLog(s string, max int) string {
+	s = strings.TrimSpace(s)
+	if len(s) <= max {
+		return s
+	}
+	return s[:max] + "..."
+}

internal/event/source/state.go

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package source
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// State enumerates the connection states surfaced by `dws event status`.
+//
+// Stream SDK v0.9.1 does not expose a user-registerable ConnectionState
+// hook (verified P0 §1 escape-hatch table row #4), so the state machine
+// runs in "inferred" mode: it derives state from observable signals —
+// Start() return value, last-event-received timestamp, last-error timestamp,
+// SDK reconnect log lines parsed by the source layer. The Source field
+// `state_source` (env-style annotation) is emitted alongside the state so
+// downstream tools can distinguish authoritative from inferred values when
+// SDK hook support arrives in a future release.
+type State string
+
+const (
+	// StateDisconnected is the zero state before Start has been called.
+	StateDisconnected State = "disconnected"
+	// StateConnecting is set on entry to Start, before SDK dial completes.
+	StateConnecting State = "connecting"
+	// StateConnected is set when Start returns nil (dial succeeded).
+	StateConnected State = "connected"
+	// StateIdle is set when the connection is still up but no event has been
+	// observed for a quiet window (default 60s). Distinguishes "everything
+	// fine, just no traffic" from "looks connected but broken".
+	StateIdle State = "idle"
+	// StateReconnecting is set when the SDK has signalled a reconnect (via
+	// log line parse or future hook). Cleared on next event received.
+	StateReconnecting State = "reconnecting"
+	// StateDegraded is set when reconnects keep happening but no events flow.
+	// Useful to surface "looks alive, actually broken" cases via status.
+	StateDegraded State = "degraded"
+	// StateStopped is set after Close() / context cancellation.
+	StateStopped State = "stopped"
+)
+
+// SourceKind identifies whether the state was reported by an authoritative
+// SDK hook or inferred from observable side-channels.
+type SourceKind string
+
+const (
+	// SourceHook is reserved for future SDK versions that expose
+	// ConnectionState / keepalive callbacks. v1 does not emit this.
+	SourceHook SourceKind = "hook"
+	// SourceInferred is the only value emitted by v1.
+	SourceInferred SourceKind = "inferred"
+)
+
+// IdleAfter is the duration of no events after which StateConnected
+// transitions to StateIdle. Exposed for tests to bypass real-time waits.
+var IdleAfter = 60 * time.Second
+
+// Machine tracks the connection state. Methods are safe for concurrent use.
+type Machine struct {
+	mu              sync.RWMutex
+	state           State
+	source          SourceKind
+	lastEventAt     time.Time
+	lastReconnectAt time.Time
+	reconnectCount  int
+	now             func() time.Time
+}
+
+// NewMachine returns a Machine in the StateDisconnected initial state.
+func NewMachine() *Machine {
+	return &Machine{
+		state:  StateDisconnected,
+		source: SourceInferred,
+		now:    time.Now,
+	}
+}
+
+// State returns the current effective state, applying time-based idle
+// detection on top of the stored state. This is the public read accessor
+// used by `event status` formatting.
+func (m *Machine) State() State {
+	m.mu.RLock()
+	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
+	return m.effectiveStateLocked()
+}
+
+// Snapshot returns the full state view for status rendering: state +
+// source + last event/reconnect timestamps + reconnect count.
+type Snapshot struct {
+	State           State      `json:"state"`
+	StateSource     SourceKind `json:"state_source"`
+	LastEventAt     time.Time  `json:"last_event_at,omitempty"`
+	LastReconnectAt time.Time  `json:"last_reconnect_at,omitempty"`
+	ReconnectCount  int        `json:"reconnect_count"`
+}
+
+// Snapshot returns the current state view atomically.
+func (m *Machine) Snapshot() Snapshot {
+	m.mu.RLock()
+	defer m.mu.RUnlock()
+	return Snapshot{
+		State:           m.effectiveStateLocked(),
+		StateSource:     m.source,
+		LastEventAt:     m.lastEventAt,
+		LastReconnectAt: m.lastReconnectAt,
+		ReconnectCount:  m.reconnectCount,
+	}
+}
+
+// OnConnecting moves to StateConnecting. Called by Source.Start before the
+// SDK dial completes.
+func (m *Machine) OnConnecting() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.state = StateConnecting
+}
+
+// OnConnected moves to StateConnected. Called when SDK Start returns nil.
+func (m *Machine) OnConnected() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.state = StateConnected
+}
+
+// OnEvent records the timestamp of the most recently received event. Resets
+// any Reconnecting or Idle state back to Connected (the connection is
+// demonstrably alive).
+func (m *Machine) OnEvent() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.lastEventAt = m.now()
+	if m.state == StateReconnecting || m.state == StateIdle || m.state == StateDegraded {
+		m.state = StateConnected
+	}
+}
+
+// OnReconnect marks a reconnect signal observed (from SDK log or future
+// hook). Increments the counter and stamps the time.
+func (m *Machine) OnReconnect() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.lastReconnectAt = m.now()
+	m.reconnectCount++
+	m.state = StateReconnecting
+}
+
+// OnStopped marks the SDK as closed (graceful exit or Close()).
+func (m *Machine) OnStopped() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	m.state = StateStopped
+}
+
+// effectiveStateLocked applies idle-detection on top of the stored state.
+// Caller must hold m.mu (read or write).
+func (m *Machine) effectiveStateLocked() State {
+	switch m.state {
+	case StateConnected:
+		// Connected → Idle after IdleAfter with no events. If we've also
+		// seen recent reconnects with no recovered events, surface Degraded.
+		if !m.lastEventAt.IsZero() && m.now().Sub(m.lastEventAt) >= IdleAfter {
+			if m.reconnectCount > 0 && m.lastReconnectAt.After(m.lastEventAt) {
+				return StateDegraded
+			}
+			return StateIdle
+		}
+	}
+	return m.state
+}

internal/event/source/state_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package source
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func newMachineAt(now time.Time) *Machine {
+	m := NewMachine()
+	m.now = func() time.Time { return now }
+	return m
+}
+
+func TestMachine_InitialState(t *testing.T) {
+	m := NewMachine()
+	if m.State() != StateDisconnected {
+		t.Fatalf("initial state = %s, want %s", m.State(), StateDisconnected)
+	}
+	snap := m.Snapshot()
+	if snap.StateSource != SourceInferred {
+		t.Fatalf("v1 must emit StateSource=inferred, got %s", snap.StateSource)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachine_TransitionsHappyPath(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	m := newMachineAt(now)
+
+	m.OnConnecting()
+	if m.State() != StateConnecting {
+		t.Fatalf("after OnConnecting: %s", m.State())
+	}
+
+	m.OnConnected()
+	if m.State() != StateConnected {
+		t.Fatalf("after OnConnected: %s", m.State())
+	}
+
+	m.OnEvent()
+	if m.State() != StateConnected {
+		t.Fatalf("after OnEvent: %s (should remain connected)", m.State())
+	}
+
+	m.OnStopped()
+	if m.State() != StateStopped {
+		t.Fatalf("after OnStopped: %s", m.State())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachine_IdleAfterQuietWindow(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	m := newMachineAt(now)
+	m.OnConnected()
+	m.OnEvent() // lastEventAt = now
+
+	// Advance time past IdleAfter
+	m.now = func() time.Time { return now.Add(IdleAfter + 5*time.Second) }
+	if got := m.State(); got != StateIdle {
+		t.Fatalf("state after quiet window: %s, want %s", got, StateIdle)
+	}
+
+	// New event resets to connected
+	m.OnEvent()
+	if got := m.State(); got != StateConnected {
+		t.Fatalf("state after new event: %s, want %s", got, StateConnected)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachine_DegradedWhenReconnectsButNoEvents(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 28, 12, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	m := newMachineAt(now)
+	m.OnConnected()
+	m.OnEvent() // baseline
+
+	// Advance + reconnect signal (no event recovery)
+	later := now.Add(IdleAfter + 30*time.Second)
+	m.now = func() time.Time { return later }
+	m.OnReconnect() // sets state=reconnecting, lastReconnectAt=later
+
+	// State while reconnecting
+	if got := m.State(); got != StateReconnecting {
+		t.Fatalf("after OnReconnect: %s, want %s", got, StateReconnecting)
+	}
+
+	// Push state back to connected (as if reconnect succeeded but no traffic)
+	m.OnConnected()
+
+	// Now idle window passes with no events but a recent reconnect → degraded
+	muchLater := later.Add(IdleAfter + 5*time.Second)
+	m.now = func() time.Time { return muchLater }
+	if got := m.State(); got != StateDegraded {
+		t.Fatalf("state after reconnect-but-no-events: %s, want %s", got, StateDegraded)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachine_ReconnectCount(t *testing.T) {
+	m := NewMachine()
+	m.OnConnected()
+	m.OnReconnect()
+	m.OnReconnect()
+	m.OnReconnect()
+	if snap := m.Snapshot(); snap.ReconnectCount != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("ReconnectCount = %d, want 3", snap.ReconnectCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMachine_OnEventClearsReconnecting(t *testing.T) {
+	m := NewMachine()
+	m.OnConnected()
+	m.OnReconnect()
+	if m.State() != StateReconnecting {
+		t.Fatal("expected StateReconnecting after OnReconnect")
+	}
+	m.OnEvent()
+	if m.State() != StateConnected {
+		t.Fatalf("OnEvent should clear Reconnecting, got %s", m.State())
+	}
+}

internal/event/transport/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Package transport implements the cross-platform local IPC between the bus
+// daemon and consume clients. The wire is \n-delimited JSON frames over a
+// Unix domain socket (darwin/linux) or Windows Named Pipe; the abstraction
+// keeps both endpoints (bus side / consume side) and both platforms behind
+// one Listener/Dialer interface.
+//
+// Frame protocol (see plan §9):
+//
+//	consume → bus    hello, bye(reason=client_done), heartbeat, status_req
+//	bus → consume    hello_ack, event, source_state, bye(reason=shutdown),
+//	                 heartbeat, status_resp
+//
+// Frames are independent JSON objects; no length prefix, no checksum.
+// Maximum single-frame size is enforced by the Reader to bound memory and
+// prevent a buggy/malicious peer from causing OOM (MaxFrameBytes).
+package transport

internal/event/transport/frame.go

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package transport
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+)
+
+// MaxFrameBytes caps a single frame's wire size. 1 MiB accommodates large
+// event payloads (kanban cards, doc snapshots) with headroom while still
+// preventing a buggy/malicious peer from causing OOM via an unbounded line.
+// Callers writing frames larger than this should split their work, not bump
+// the cap — the SDK enforces its own cloud-side cap that is well below this.
+const MaxFrameBytes = 1 << 20 // 1 MiB
+
+// ErrFrameTooLarge is returned by Reader.Read when an incoming frame exceeds
+// MaxFrameBytes. The underlying connection is left in an indeterminate
+// state (the rest of the oversized frame is NOT drained) — callers should
+// close the connection on receipt of this error.
+var ErrFrameTooLarge = errors.New("transport: frame exceeds MaxFrameBytes")
+
+// Reader reads \n-delimited JSON frames from an underlying byte stream.
+// Wrap each connection (one per direction) in a Reader; Reader is not
+// safe for concurrent use.
+type Reader struct {
+	br *bufio.Reader
+}
+
+// NewReader returns a Reader with a buffer sized to MaxFrameBytes so a
+// single frame can fit in the buffer without growing.
+func NewReader(r io.Reader) *Reader {
+	return &Reader{br: bufio.NewReaderSize(r, MaxFrameBytes)}
+}
+
+// Read returns the next frame's raw bytes (the terminating \n is stripped).
+// Returns io.EOF cleanly when the peer closes the connection between
+// frames. Returns ErrFrameTooLarge when a single frame exceeds the cap.
+func (r *Reader) Read() ([]byte, error) {
+	line, err := r.br.ReadSlice('\n')
+	if err == nil {
+		// Strip trailing \n. Safe because ReadSlice always includes the
+		// delimiter when err == nil.
+		out := make([]byte, len(line)-1)
+		copy(out, line[:len(line)-1])
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	if errors.Is(err, bufio.ErrBufferFull) {
+		// Read past current contents (without retaining) to skip the
+		// remainder of the oversize frame would be the friendly path,
+		// but plan says callers should close the connection — keep it
+		// simple and surface ErrFrameTooLarge immediately.
+		return nil, ErrFrameTooLarge
+	}
+	// EOF on a partial line: report it as EOF (clean close between frames
+	// returns a fresh EOF with an empty line, already handled above).
+	if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) && len(line) == 0 {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return nil, nil // unreachable
+}
+
+// ReadJSON decodes the next frame into dst. dst must be a non-nil pointer.
+func (r *Reader) ReadJSON(dst any) error {
+	raw, err := r.Read()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, dst); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("transport: decode frame: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Writer marshals values to JSON and writes them as \n-terminated frames.
+// Writer is not safe for concurrent use; callers wanting a fan-in writer
+// must serialise externally.
+type Writer struct {
+	w io.Writer
+}
+
+// NewWriter returns a Writer wrapping w. The Writer does NOT buffer —
+// every WriteJSON call performs a single Write to the underlying stream
+// so backpressure is immediate.
+func NewWriter(w io.Writer) *Writer { return &Writer{w: w} }
+
+// WriteJSON serialises v and writes it as one frame. Refuses to write
+// frames larger than MaxFrameBytes with ErrFrameTooLarge.
+func (w *Writer) WriteJSON(v any) error {
+	buf, err := json.Marshal(v)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("transport: encode frame: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(buf)+1 > MaxFrameBytes {
+		return ErrFrameTooLarge
+	}
+	buf = append(buf, '\n')
+	_, err = w.w.Write(buf)
+	return err
+}

internal/event/transport/frame_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package transport
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestWriterReader_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	w := NewWriter(&buf)
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(Hello{Type: FrameTypeHello, ConsumerPID: 42, EventTypes: []string{"im.*"}}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteJSON: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := w.WriteJSON(Heartbeat{Type: FrameTypeHeartbeat}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteJSON 2: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	r := NewReader(&buf)
+	var h Hello
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&h); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadJSON 1: %v", err)
+	}
+	if h.ConsumerPID != 42 || h.Type != FrameTypeHello || len(h.EventTypes) != 1 || h.EventTypes[0] != "im.*" {
+		t.Fatalf("decoded Hello = %+v", h)
+	}
+	var hb Heartbeat
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&hb); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ReadJSON 2: %v", err)
+	}
+	if hb.Type != FrameTypeHeartbeat {
+		t.Fatalf("hb type = %s", hb.Type)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReader_CleanEOFBetweenFrames(t *testing.T) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	NewWriter(&buf).WriteJSON(Heartbeat{Type: FrameTypeHeartbeat})
+
+	r := NewReader(&buf)
+	if _, err := r.Read(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("first read: %v", err)
+	}
+	_, err := r.Read()
+	if !errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+		t.Fatalf("second read after clean close = %v, want EOF", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReader_FrameTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	// Synthesise a > MaxFrameBytes line with no \n
+	big := strings.Repeat("A", MaxFrameBytes+10)
+	r := NewReader(strings.NewReader(big + "\n"))
+	_, err := r.Read()
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrFrameTooLarge) {
+		t.Fatalf("Read oversized = %v, want ErrFrameTooLarge", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWriter_FrameTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+	// Build a Hello with a filter string that would marshal larger than the cap.
+	huge := strings.Repeat("x", MaxFrameBytes)
+	w := NewWriter(io.Discard)
+	err := w.WriteJSON(Hello{Type: FrameTypeHello, Filter: huge})
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrFrameTooLarge) {
+		t.Fatalf("WriteJSON oversized = %v, want ErrFrameTooLarge", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReader_MalformedJSONErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	r := NewReader(strings.NewReader("{not json}\n"))
+	var x Hello
+	if err := r.ReadJSON(&x); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected decode error for malformed JSON")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPeekType(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		raw  string
+		want FrameType
+		err  bool
+	}{
+		{`{"type":"hello"}`, FrameTypeHello, false},
+		{`{"type":"event","seq":1}`, FrameTypeEvent, false},
+		{`{"foo":"bar"}`, "", true},
+		{`not json`, "", true},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		got, err := PeekType([]byte(tc.raw))
+		if (err != nil) != tc.err {
+			t.Errorf("PeekType(%q) err = %v, wantErr=%v", tc.raw, err, tc.err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("PeekType(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.raw, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/event/transport/protocol.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package transport
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+)
+
+// FrameType discriminates the JSON frames flowing over the IPC channel.
+// Wire values are stable strings — bumping any of these is a protocol
+// breaking change requiring a coordinated bus + consume rollout.
+type FrameType string
+
+const (
+	FrameTypeHello       FrameType = "hello"        // consume → bus
+	FrameTypeHelloAck    FrameType = "hello_ack"    // bus → consume
+	FrameTypeEvent       FrameType = "event"        // bus → consume
+	FrameTypeHeartbeat   FrameType = "heartbeat"    // bidirectional
+	FrameTypeSourceState FrameType = "source_state" // bus → consume
+	FrameTypeBye         FrameType = "bye"          // bidirectional
+	FrameTypeStatusReq   FrameType = "status_req"   // consume/ad-hoc → bus
+	FrameTypeStatusResp  FrameType = "status_resp"  // bus → consume/ad-hoc
+)
+
+// Hello is the first frame a consumer sends after dialing the bus. The bus
+// uses event_types + filter to do server-side pushdown (plan §1 decision:
+// only events matching this filter are written to this consumer's sendCh).
+type Hello struct {
+	Type        FrameType `json:"type"`
+	ConsumerPID int       `json:"consumer_pid"`
+	EventTypes  []string  `json:"event_types,omitempty"`  // wildcard list ("im.*", "approval.*"); empty = catch-all
+	Filter      string    `json:"filter,omitempty"`       // optional regex over event_type
+	SubscribeID string    `json:"subscribe_id,omitempty"` // optional personal subscription isolation key; empty = no subscribe_id filter
+	Compact     bool      `json:"compact,omitempty"`      // hint to status output; bus does not transform payloads
+	// Role distinguishes a real consumer (registered for events) from an
+	// ad-hoc tooling connection (status/list/stop). Ad-hoc connections do
+	// NOT register with the Hub.
+	Role HelloRole `json:"role,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// HelloRole tags the purpose of a Hello connection.
+type HelloRole string
+
+const (
+	HelloRoleConsumer HelloRole = ""       // default
+	HelloRoleStatus   HelloRole = "status" // event list / event status
+	HelloRoleStop     HelloRole = "stop"   // event stop (graceful trigger)
+)
+
+// HelloAck is the bus's reply on accepted Hello. SourceState/StateSource
+// mirror the source.Machine snapshot at connect time; CredentialsSource
+// fields tell users which channel actually supplied the credentials in use
+// (env / app_config / keychain / plain_config), see plan "凭证来源拆字段".
+type HelloAck struct {
+	Type               FrameType `json:"type"`
+	BusPID             int       `json:"bus_pid"`
+	SourceState        string    `json:"source_state"`                // mirrors source.State string value
+	StateSource        string    `json:"state_source"`                // "hook" | "inferred"
+	ClientIDSource     string    `json:"client_id_source"`            // auth.CredentialSource string
+	ClientSecretSource string    `json:"client_secret_source"`        // auth.CredentialSource string
+	IdleTimeoutSecs    int       `json:"idle_timeout_secs,omitempty"` // bus's IdleTimeout for diagnostics
+}
+
+// Event wraps one delivered RawEvent for the wire. We keep the payload as
+// a string (not nested JSON) so the bus does not need to parse / re-encode.
+type Event struct {
+	Type              FrameType         `json:"type"`
+	Seq               uint64            `json:"seq"` // per-consumer monotonic, restarts at 1 on reconnect
+	EventID           string            `json:"event_id"`
+	EventBornTime     int64             `json:"event_born_time"`
+	EventCorpID       string            `json:"event_corp_id,omitempty"`
+	EventType         string            `json:"event_type"`
+	EventUnifiedAppID string            `json:"event_unified_app_id,omitempty"`
+	EventScope        string            `json:"event_scope,omitempty"`
+	SubscribeID       string            `json:"subscribe_id,omitempty"`
+	SourceID          string            `json:"source_id,omitempty"`
+	RuleType          string            `json:"rule_type,omitempty"`
+	Data              string            `json:"data"`
+	Headers           map[string]string `json:"headers,omitempty"`
+	ReceivedAtUnixMS  int64             `json:"received_at_unix_ms"`
+}
+
+// Heartbeat is bidirectional and stateless. It exists only to give both
+// endpoints a chance to notice a dead peer via Read failure.
+type Heartbeat struct {
+	Type FrameType `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// SourceState is pushed bus → consume whenever the connection state machine
+// transitions to / from connected. Consumers may render it; v1 they just
+// forward to stderr when not --quiet.
+type SourceState struct {
+	Type        FrameType `json:"type"`
+	State       string    `json:"state"`        // source.State string
+	StateSource string    `json:"state_source"` // hook | inferred
+	Attempt     int       `json:"attempt,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Bye is sent by either side at graceful shutdown. Reason is free-form
+// for logs; structured shutdown causes are encoded in the value:
+//
+//	"client_done"   — consume reached --max-events/--duration or SIGINT
+//	"shutdown"      — bus SIGTERM/SIGINT
+//	"idle_timeout"  — bus IdleTimeout fired with no consumers
+//	"stop_request"  — bus received explicit Stop RPC
+type Bye struct {
+	Type   FrameType `json:"type"`
+	Reason string    `json:"reason"`
+}
+
+// StatusReq is an empty JSON frame ad-hoc tooling sends after Hello to
+// request a full StatusResp. Bus replies with one StatusResp then closes
+// the connection.
+type StatusReq struct {
+	Type FrameType `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// StatusResp is the bus's snapshot view for `dws event status` rendering.
+// Counts are accumulated since bus start; per-consumer entries are sorted
+// by PID for deterministic output.
+type StatusResp struct {
+	Type                 FrameType           `json:"type"`
+	Bus                  StatusBus           `json:"bus"`
+	SourceState          StatusSource        `json:"source_state"`
+	Consumers            []StatusConsumer    `json:"consumers"`
+	PerEventTypeCounters map[string]Counters `json:"per_event_type"`
+}
+
+// StatusBus is the bus daemon's identity / lifecycle view.
+type StatusBus struct {
+	PID            int                 `json:"pid"`
+	UptimeSecs     int64               `json:"uptime_secs"`
+	IdleTimeoutSec int                 `json:"idle_timeout_secs"`
+	ClientID       string              `json:"client_id"`
+	Edition        string              `json:"edition"`
+	SourceKind     dwsevent.SourceKind `json:"source_kind,omitempty"`
+	IdentityHash   string              `json:"identity_hash,omitempty"`
+	SourceID       string              `json:"source_id,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// StatusSource is the source.Machine snapshot at status RPC time.
+type StatusSource struct {
+	State           string `json:"state"`
+	Source          string `json:"source"`
+	LastEventAtMS   int64  `json:"last_event_at_ms,omitempty"`
+	LastReconnectMS int64  `json:"last_reconnect_at_ms,omitempty"`
+	ReconnectCount  int    `json:"reconnect_count"`
+}
+
+// StatusConsumer is one consumer's per-IPC-connection view.
+type StatusConsumer struct {
+	PID            int      `json:"pid"`
+	EventTypes     []string `json:"event_types,omitempty"`
+	Filter         string   `json:"filter,omitempty"`
+	SubscribeID    string   `json:"subscribe_id,omitempty"`
+	SubscribedAtMS int64    `json:"subscribed_at_ms"`
+	Received       uint64   `json:"received"`
+	Dropped        uint64   `json:"dropped"`
+}
+
+// Counters is the shared "received / dropped" pair used by per-consumer
+// and per-event-type rollups.
+type Counters struct {
+	Received uint64 `json:"received"`
+	Dropped  uint64 `json:"dropped"`
+}
+
+// typeOnly is the minimal envelope used by DecodeFrame to peek at the
+// "type" field before deciding which concrete struct to unmarshal into.
+type typeOnly struct {
+	Type FrameType `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// PeekType returns the FrameType of a raw frame without fully decoding it.
+// Returns an error when the JSON is malformed or the type field is missing.
+func PeekType(raw []byte) (FrameType, error) {
+	var t typeOnly
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &t); err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("transport: peek frame type: %w", err)
+	}
+	if t.Type == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("transport: frame missing 'type' field")
+	}
+	return t.Type, nil
+}

internal/event/transport/protocol_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package transport
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// Each frame type is round-tripped through encoding/json then PeekType
+// to guard against accidental wire-format changes (the JSON field tags
+// double as part of the cross-version protocol contract).
+
+func TestFrameType_StableWireValues(t *testing.T) {
+	// If any of these strings change we've made a protocol-breaking
+	// change. The test value list is duplicated here on purpose so a
+	// reviewer renaming a constant is forced to also update the test.
+	wants := map[FrameType]string{
+		FrameTypeHello:       "hello",
+		FrameTypeHelloAck:    "hello_ack",
+		FrameTypeEvent:       "event",
+		FrameTypeHeartbeat:   "heartbeat",
+		FrameTypeSourceState: "source_state",
+		FrameTypeBye:         "bye",
+		FrameTypeStatusReq:   "status_req",
+		FrameTypeStatusResp:  "status_resp",
+	}
+	for ft, want := range wants {
+		if string(ft) != want {
+			t.Errorf("FrameType wire value drift: %v != %q", ft, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHelloRole_StableWireValues(t *testing.T) {
+	wants := map[HelloRole]string{
+		HelloRoleConsumer: "",
+		HelloRoleStatus:   "status",
+		HelloRoleStop:     "stop",
+	}
+	for r, want := range wants {
+		if string(r) != want {
+			t.Errorf("HelloRole wire value drift: %v != %q", r, want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func roundTrip(t *testing.T, in any, dst any) {
+	t.Helper()
+	b, err := json.Marshal(in)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal %T: %v", in, err)
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(b, dst); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal %T: %v", in, err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHello_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	in := Hello{
+		Type:        FrameTypeHello,
+		ConsumerPID: 42,
+		EventTypes:  []string{"im.*", "approval.task"},
+		Filter:      `^im\.`,
+		Compact:     true,
+		Role:        HelloRoleStatus,
+	}
+	var out Hello
+	roundTrip(t, in, &out)
+	if out.Type != in.Type || out.ConsumerPID != in.ConsumerPID || out.Filter != in.Filter ||
+		out.Compact != in.Compact || out.Role != in.Role || len(out.EventTypes) != len(in.EventTypes) {
+		t.Fatalf("roundtrip mismatch: %+v != %+v", out, in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHello_OmitemptyForDefaults(t *testing.T) {
+	// Default values should NOT appear in the wire form so old/new readers
+	// stay tolerant of each other (each new field comes in with its
+	// zero value by default).
+	in := Hello{Type: FrameTypeHello, ConsumerPID: 1}
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(in)
+	s := string(b)
+	for _, k := range []string{`"event_types"`, `"filter"`, `"compact"`, `"role"`} {
+		if strings.Contains(s, k) {
+			t.Errorf("zero-value field %s leaked into wire form: %s", k, s)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHelloAck_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	in := HelloAck{
+		Type:               FrameTypeHelloAck,
+		BusPID:             12345,
+		SourceState:        "connected",
+		StateSource:        "inferred",
+		ClientIDSource:     "env",
+		ClientSecretSource: "env",
+		IdleTimeoutSecs:    300,
+	}
+	var out HelloAck
+	roundTrip(t, in, &out)
+	if out != in {
+		t.Fatalf("HelloAck roundtrip: %+v != %+v", out, in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvent_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	in := Event{
+		Type:              FrameTypeEvent,
+		Seq:               7,
+		EventID:           "ev_x",
+		EventBornTime:     1700000000123,
+		EventCorpID:       "corp_x",
+		EventType:         "im.message.receive_v1",
+		EventUnifiedAppID: "app_y",
+		Data:              `{"text":"hi"}`,
+		Headers:           map[string]string{"extra": "v"},
+		ReceivedAtUnixMS:  1700000000999,
+	}
+	var out Event
+	roundTrip(t, in, &out)
+	if out.EventID != in.EventID || out.Seq != in.Seq || out.Data != in.Data ||
+		out.Headers["extra"] != "v" {
+		t.Fatalf("Event roundtrip: %+v != %+v", out, in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEvent_OmitsZeroOptionalHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	in := Event{Type: FrameTypeEvent, EventID: "ev_1", EventType: "x", Data: "{}"}
+	b, _ := json.Marshal(in)
+	if strings.Contains(string(b), `"headers"`) {
+		t.Errorf("nil Headers should not appear: %s", b)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestHeartbeat_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	in := Heartbeat{Type: FrameTypeHeartbeat}
+	var out Heartbeat
+	roundTrip(t, in, &out)
+	if out.Type != FrameTypeHeartbeat {
+		t.Fatalf("Heartbeat type lost: %v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSourceState_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	in := SourceState{
+		Type:        FrameTypeSourceState,
+		State:       "reconnecting",
+		StateSource: "inferred",
+		Attempt:     3,
+	}
+	var out SourceState
+	roundTrip(t, in, &out)
+	if out != in {
+		t.Fatalf("SourceState mismatch: %+v != %+v", out, in)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBye_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, reason := range []string{"client_done", "shutdown", "idle_timeout", "stop_request"} {
+		in := Bye{Type: FrameTypeBye, Reason: reason}
+		var out Bye
+		roundTrip(t, in, &out)
+		if out.Reason != reason {
+			t.Errorf("Bye reason %q lost: %+v", reason, out)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStatusResp_Roundtrip(t *testing.T) {
+	in := StatusResp{
+		Type: FrameTypeStatusResp,
+		Bus: StatusBus{
+			PID: 99, UptimeSecs: 600, IdleTimeoutSec: 300,
+			ClientID: "ding_x", Edition: "open",
+		},
+		SourceState: StatusSource{
+			State: "connected", Source: "inferred", ReconnectCount: 1,
+			LastEventAtMS: 1700000000000, LastReconnectMS: 1700000001000,
+		},
+		Consumers: []StatusConsumer{
+			{PID: 12350, EventTypes: []string{"im.*"}, Filter: `^im\.`,
+				SubscribedAtMS: 1700000000000, Received: 100, Dropped: 2},
+		},
+		PerEventTypeCounters: map[string]Counters{
+			"im.message.receive_v1": {Received: 100, Dropped: 2},
+		},
+	}
+	var out StatusResp
+	roundTrip(t, in, &out)
+	if out.Bus.ClientID != in.Bus.ClientID || len(out.Consumers) != 1 ||
+		out.PerEventTypeCounters["im.message.receive_v1"].Received != 100 {
+		t.Fatalf("StatusResp roundtrip mismatch: %+v", out)
+	}
+}
+
+// PeekType is used by the daemon to dispatch incoming frames before
+// fully decoding into the typed struct. Behaviour at boundaries matters.
+
+func TestPeekType_EachFrameVariant(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		v   any
+		typ FrameType
+	}{
+		{Hello{Type: FrameTypeHello}, FrameTypeHello},
+		{HelloAck{Type: FrameTypeHelloAck}, FrameTypeHelloAck},
+		{Event{Type: FrameTypeEvent, EventID: "x"}, FrameTypeEvent},
+		{Heartbeat{Type: FrameTypeHeartbeat}, FrameTypeHeartbeat},
+		{SourceState{Type: FrameTypeSourceState, State: "connected"}, FrameTypeSourceState},
+		{Bye{Type: FrameTypeBye, Reason: "x"}, FrameTypeBye},
+		{StatusReq{Type: FrameTypeStatusReq}, FrameTypeStatusReq},
+		{StatusResp{Type: FrameTypeStatusResp}, FrameTypeStatusResp},
+	}
+	for _, c := range cases {
+		b, _ := json.Marshal(c.v)
+		got, err := PeekType(b)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("PeekType(%T): %v", c.v, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if got != c.typ {
+			t.Errorf("PeekType(%T) = %q, want %q", c.v, got, c.typ)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/event/transport/transport.go

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package transport
+
+import "net"
+
+// Listener is the bus-side accept loop. Implementations bind a Unix socket
+// (darwin/linux) or Windows Named Pipe at the given Endpoint; calling Close
+// removes the underlying socket file on Unix.
+type Listener interface {
+	// Accept blocks until a peer connects or the listener is closed.
+	Accept() (net.Conn, error)
+	// Close unbinds the endpoint and unblocks pending Accept calls.
+	Close() error
+	// Endpoint returns the human-readable address (Unix path or Windows pipe
+	// name) — only used in log messages and status output.
+	Endpoint() string
+}
+
+// Listen binds an IPC endpoint at path. On Unix path is a filesystem socket
+// path (caller must ensure the parent directory exists with mode 0700).
+// On Windows path is a Named Pipe name like `\\.\pipe\dws-event-<edition>-<hash>`.
+//
+// Stale Unix sockets (left behind by a crashed bus) are unlinked
+// automatically before bind. Caller MUST hold the bus.lock before calling
+// Listen so this unlink is race-safe against a still-running bus.
+func Listen(path string) (Listener, error) {
+	return listen(path)
+}
+
+// Dial connects to an IPC endpoint at path. Returns a standard net.Conn
+// the caller can wrap with NewReader/NewWriter. Closes are independent —
+// closing the conn does not close the listener.
+func Dial(path string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return dial(path)
+}

internal/event/transport/transport_unix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2026 Alibaba Group
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//go:build !windows
+
+package transport
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+
+	dwsevent "github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/internal/event"
+	"github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/pkg/config"
+)
+
+type unixListener struct {
+	l    net.Listener
+	path string
+}
+
+func (u *unixListener) Accept() (net.Conn, error) { return u.l.Accept() }
+func (u *unixListener) Endpoint() string          { return u.path }
+func (u *unixListener) Close() error {
+	err := u.l.Close()
+	// Best-effort unlink. Ignored errors here because the bus may have
+	// already been replaced by a competing bus that unlinked first.
+	_ = os.Remove(u.path)
+	return err
+}
+
+// checkSocketPath rejects paths over the sun_path budget up front so the
+// caller sees the actual problem instead of the syscall's bare EINVAL
+// ("invalid argument").
+func checkSocketPath(path string) error {
+	if max := dwsevent.MaxUnixSocketPath(); len(path) > max {
+		return fmt.Errorf("transport: unix socket path too long (%d > %d bytes): %s", len(path), max, path)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func listen(path string) (Listener, error) {
+	if err := checkSocketPath(path); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Stale socket cleanup. Caller holds bus.lock so this is race-safe.
+	if _, err := os.Stat(path); err == nil {
+		if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("transport: remove stale socket %s: %w", path, err)
+		}
+	}
+	l, err := net.Listen("unix", path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transport: listen %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Chmod(path, config.FilePerm); err != nil {
+		_ = l.Close()
+		_ = os.Remove(path)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("transport: chmod %s: %w", path, err)
+	}
+	return &unixListener{l: l, path: path}, nil
+}
+
+func dial(path string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if err := checkSocketPath(path); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return net.Dial("unix", path)
+}