DingTalk Workspace CLI (dws)

dws — DingTalk Workspace on the command line, built for humans and AI agents.

中文版 · English · Reference · Changelog

Important

Co-creation Phase: This project accesses DingTalk enterprise data and requires enterprise admin authorization. Join the DingTalk DWS co-creation group for support and updates. See Getting Started below.

Table of Contents

• Why dws?
• Installation
• Upgrade
• Getting Started
• Quick Start
• Using with Agents
• Features
• Key Services
• Security by Design
• Reference & Docs
• Contributing

---

Why dws?

• For humans — --help for usage, --dry-run to preview requests, -f table/json/raw for output formats.
• For AI agents — structured JSON responses + built-in Agent Skills, ready out of the box.
• For enterprise admins — zero-trust architecture: OAuth device-flow auth + domain allowlisting + least-privilege scoping. Not a single byte can bypass authentication and audit.

Installation

macOS / Linux:

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/main/scripts/install.sh | sh

Windows (PowerShell):

irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/main/scripts/install.ps1 | iex

Skill mode: mono vs multi

The installer ships skills in one of two layouts. CLI commands (dws aitable ..., dws calendar ...) are identical in both modes — only the agent-side skill layout differs.

Mode	What gets installed	Best for
mono (stable, default)	One dws skill covering all products	Cross-product workflows; single entry point
multi 🧪 EXPERIMENTAL	18 per-product skills (dingtalk-aitable, dingtalk-calendar, dingtalk-chat, ...)	Single-product tasks; smaller context per call

🧪 multi is currently EXPERIMENTAL / preview. 18 product-scoped skills all pass the dispatch verifier, but interface, naming and cross-skill references may change in future releases. For production / shared environments, prefer mono. File issues if you hit problems.

How to pick:

• Quick install (one-liner above): non-interactive, installs mono.
• TTY install (download then run): curl -O .../install.sh && bash install.sh — prompts 1) mono 2) multi (default 1).
• Override via env: DWS_SKILL_MODE=multi curl -fsSL ... | sh.
• Switch later: dws skill setup --mode multi (or --mode mono) — re-run any time.

Other install methods

npm (requires Node.js (npm/npx)):

npm install -g dingtalk-workspace-cli

Pre-built binary: download from GitHub Releases.

macOS users: If you see "cannot be opened because Apple cannot check it for malicious software", run:

xattr -d com.apple.quarantine /path/to/dws

Build from source:

git clone https://github.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli.git
cd dingtalk-workspace-cli
go build -o dws ./cmd       # build to current directory
cp dws ~/.local/bin/         # install to PATH

Requires Go 1.25+. Use make package to cross-compile for all platforms (macOS / Linux / Windows x amd64 / arm64).

China mirror

For users in mainland China, the following channels avoid GitHub network issues. By default (without setting these environment variables) the installer pulls from GitHub.

1. Install script + pre-built binary (Gitee mirror):

Repository mirror: https://gitee.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli

DWS_GITEE_REPO=DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/raw/main/scripts/install.sh | sh

With DWS_GITEE_REPO set, the installer resolves the latest version and every release asset (binary, checksums, skills) from the Gitee API instead of GitHub. If it is unset, installation defaults to GitHub.

2. npm package (npmmirror mirror):

npm install -g dingtalk-workspace-cli --registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com

npmmirror automatically syncs public packages from the public npm registry, so this works directly in China.

3. Skills only (Gitee mirror):

DWS_GITEE_REPO=DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/raw/main/scripts/install-skills.sh | sh

With DWS_GITEE_REPO set, install-skills.sh resolves the version and skills package from Gitee; it also auto-falls back to the Gitee mirror when GitHub is unreachable.

Upgrade

Requires v1.0.7 or later. For earlier versions, please re-run the install script to upgrade.

dws has built-in self-upgrade capability. Updates are pulled directly from GitHub Releases with SHA256 integrity verification and automatic backup.

dws upgrade                    # interactive upgrade to latest version
dws upgrade --check            # check for new versions without installing
dws upgrade --list             # list all available versions
dws upgrade --version v1.0.7   # upgrade to a specific version
dws upgrade --rollback         # rollback to the previous version
dws upgrade -y                 # skip confirmation prompt

How it works

The upgrade process follows a two-phase atomic flow to ensure consistency:

1. Prepare — downloads the platform-specific binary and skill packages to a temporary directory, verifies SHA256 checksums, and extracts/validates all files. If any step fails, the upgrade aborts without modifying the existing installation.
2. Apply — only after all preparations succeed, the binary is replaced and skill packages are installed to all detected agent directories (~/.agents/skills/dws, ~/.claude/skills/dws, ~/.cursor/skills/dws, etc.).

A backup of the current version is automatically created before each upgrade. Use dws upgrade --rollback to restore the previous version if needed.

Flag	Description
--check	Check for updates without installing
--list	List all available versions with changelogs
--version	Upgrade to a specific version (e.g. v1.0.7)
--rollback	Rollback to the previous backed-up version
--force	Force reinstall even if already on the latest version
--skip-skills	Skip skill package update
-y	Skip confirmation prompt

Getting Started

dws auth login            # browser opens automatically
dws auth login --device   # for headless environments (Docker, SSH, CI)

Select your organization and authorize. That's it.

If your organization hasn't enabled CLI access, you'll be prompted to send an access request to your admin. Once approved, re-run dws auth login.

Organization hasn't enabled CLI access?

1. After selecting your organization, click "Apply Now" to notify the admin
2. The admin receives a request card and can approve with one click
3. Once approved, re-run dws auth login

Admin: Enable CLI access for your organization

Go to Developer Platform → "CLI Access Management" → Enable.

Custom App mode (CI/CD, ISV integration)

For enterprise-managed scenarios, create your own DingTalk app:

1. Open Platform Console → Create App
2. Security Settings → Add redirect URLs: http://127.0.0.1,https://login.dingtalk.com
3. Publish the app
4. Login:

dws auth login --client-id <your-app-key> --client-secret <your-app-secret>

Credentials are securely persisted after first login (Keychain). Subsequent runs auto-refresh tokens.

Migrate auth between Linux sandboxes

Copying only ~/.dws/app.json does not carry the refresh token; access tokens expire after ~2 hours. Use the official export/import flow:

# Sandbox A (already logged in)
dws auth export -o /tmp/dws-auth.tar.gz
# Or for copy/paste: dws auth export --base64 -o /tmp/dws-auth.b64

# Sandbox B
dws auth import -i /tmp/dws-auth.tar.gz
# Or: dws auth import -i /tmp/dws-auth.b64 --base64
dws auth status   # confirm "Refresh Token: valid"

The bundle includes the encrypted keychain under ~/.local/share/dws-cli (with auth-token.enc and dek) plus required ~/.dws config files.

Quick Start

dws contact user search --query "engineering"      # search contacts
dws calendar event list                            # list today's calendar events
dws doc search --query "quarterly"                 # search DingTalk Docs
dws minutes list mine                              # list AI meeting notes I created
dws drive list                                     # list DingTalk drive files
dws todo task create --title "Quarterly report" --executors "<your-userId>"   # create a todo (replace <your-userId>)
dws todo task list --dry-run                       # preview without executing

Full command list: docs/command-index.md — all commands with descriptions and when-to-use guidance.

Using with Agents

dws is designed as an AI-native CLI. Complete Installation and Getting Started first, then configure your agent:

Agent Invocation Patterns

# Use --yes to skip confirmation prompts (required for agents)
dws todo task create --title "Review PR" --executors "<your-userId>" --yes

# Use --dry-run to preview operations (safe execution)
dws contact user search --query "engineering" --dry-run

# Use --jq to extract precisely (save tokens)
dws contact user get-self --jq '.result[0].orgEmployeeModel | {name: .orgUserName, dept: .depts[0].deptName, userId}'

Schema Discovery

Agents don't need pre-built knowledge of every command. Use dws schema to dynamically discover capabilities:

# Step 1: Discover all available products
dws schema --jq '.products[] | {id, tool_count: (.tools | length)}'

# Step 2: Inspect target tool's parameter schema
dws schema aitable.query_records --jq '.tool.parameters'

# Optional: inspect DingTalk authorization metadata for PAT planning
dws schema aitable.query_records --jq '.tool.auth'

# Step 3: Construct the correct call
dws aitable record query --base-id BASE_ID --table-id TABLE_ID --limit 10

Agent Skills

The repo ships a complete Agent Skill system under skills/, now organized into two layouts:

• skills/mono/ — single-skill layout (one SKILL.md + references/products/), recommended default.
• skills/multi/ — per-product skills (dingtalk-aitable/, dingtalk-calendar/, dingtalk-chat/, ... 20 products in total), each with its own SKILL.md. 🧪 EXPERIMENTAL / preview — see banner in each multi SKILL.md for caveats.

After installing, AI tools like Claude Code / Cursor can operate DingTalk directly through natural language:

# Install skills into current project (defaults to mono)
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/DingTalk-Real-AI/dingtalk-workspace-cli/main/scripts/install-skills.sh | sh

install.sh installs to $HOME/.agents/skills/dws (global); install-skills.sh installs to ./.agents/skills/dws (current project).

China users: prefix DWS_GITEE_REPO to use the Gitee mirror — see China mirror.

Switching or re-installing with dws skill setup:

# Interactive: prompts for mode + target agents
dws skill setup

# Install mono skill to every detected agent home (claude / cursor / codex / opencode / qoder)
dws skill setup --mode mono --target all --yes

# Install multi skills to a single agent home
dws skill setup --mode multi --target cursor --yes

# Point at a local source tree (e.g. a fork or work-in-progress)
DWS_SKILL_SOURCE=/path/to/skills dws skill setup --mode multi

Flag	Values	Description
--mode	mono | multi	Skill layout; defaults to interactive prompt
--target	all | claude | cursor | codex | opencode | qoder	Where to install; all covers every detected agent home
--source	path	Local source directory (overrides bundled skills)
--yes	—	Skip confirmation prompts

Env vars: DWS_SKILL_MODE=mono|multi (also honored by install.sh / install.ps1), DWS_SKILL_SOURCE=<path>.

What's included (mono layout):

Component	Path	Description
Master Skill	skills/mono/SKILL.md	Intent routing, decision tree, safety rules, error handling
Product references	skills/mono/references/products/*.md	Per-product command reference (aitable, chat, calendar, etc.)
Intent guide	skills/mono/references/intent-guide.md	Disambiguation for confusing scenarios (e.g. report vs todo)
Global reference	skills/mono/references/global-reference.md	Auth, output formats, global flags
Error codes	skills/mono/references/error-codes.md	Error codes + debugging workflows
Recovery guide	skills/mono/references/recovery-guide.md	RECOVERY_EVENT_ID handling
Ready-made scripts	skills/mono/scripts/*.py	13 batch operation scripts (see below)

Ready-made scripts — 13 Python scripts for common multi-step workflows

Script	Description
calendar_schedule_meeting.py	Create event + add participants + find & book available meeting room
calendar_free_slot_finder.py	Find common free slots across multiple people, recommend best meeting time
calendar_today_agenda.py	View today/tomorrow/this week's schedule
import_records.py	Batch import records from CSV/JSON into AITable
bulk_add_fields.py	Batch add fields to an AITable data table
upload_attachment.py	Upload attachment to AITable attachment field
todo_batch_create.py	Batch create todos from JSON (with priority, due date, executors)
todo_daily_summary.py	Summarize today/this week's incomplete todos
todo_overdue_check.py	Scan overdue todos and output overdue list
contact_dept_members.py	Search department by name and list all members
attendance_my_record.py	View my attendance records for today/this week/specific date
attendance_team_shift.py	Query team shift schedules and attendance statistics
report_inbox_today.py	View today's received reports with details

ISV Integration: Author your own Agent Skills and orchestrate them with dws skills for cross-product workflows: ISV Skill → dws Skill → DingTalk Open Platform API (enforced auth + full audit).

Features

Raw API Access — call any DingTalk OpenAPI directly

dws api lets you call any DingTalk OpenAPI without an SDK. Tokens are automatically acquired and refreshed.

Prerequisite: Must login with your own app credentials (see Custom App mode). Encrypted tokens from MCP default-credential login are not supported for raw API calls.

# Login (first time only)
dws auth login --client-id <APP_KEY> --client-secret <APP_SECRET>

# === api.dingtalk.com ===

# List all enterprise apps
dws api GET /v1.0/microApp/allApps

# Search users (POST + JSON body)
dws api POST /v1.0/contact/users/search \
  --data '{"queryWord":"engineering","offset":0,"size":10}'

# === oapi.dingtalk.com ===

# Get user details (use --base-url to specify domain)
dws api POST /topapi/v2/user/get \
  --base-url https://oapi.dingtalk.com \
  --data '{"userid":"<USER_ID>"}'

# Or use the full URL directly
dws api POST https://oapi.dingtalk.com/topapi/v2/user/get \
  --data '{"userid":"<USER_ID>"}'

# === General ===
dws api GET /v1.0/microApp/allApps --page-all   # auto-paginate
dws api GET /v1.0/microApp/allApps --dry-run     # preview request
dws api GET /v1.0/microApp/allApps --jq '.agentId'  # jq filtering

Feature	Details
Dual-form auto-detection	Automatically selects api.dingtalk.com (header auth) or oapi.dingtalk.com (query-param auth) based on URL
Automatic token management	App-level accessToken is fetched on first call, cached while valid, auto-refreshed on expiry
Domain allowlist	Only api.dingtalk.com and oapi.dingtalk.com permitted — prevents token leakage
Auto-pagination	--page-all iterates all pages. --page-limit caps the maximum (default 10, set to 0 for unlimited, hard cap at 500 to prevent infinite loops)

Smart Input Correction — auto-corrects common AI model parameter mistakes

Built-in pipeline engine that normalizes flag names, splits sticky arguments, and fuzzy-matches typos:

# Naming convention auto-conversion (camelCase / snake_case / UPPER -> kebab-case)
dws aitable record query --baseId BASE_ID --tableId TABLE_ID         # auto-corrected to --base-id --table-id

# Sticky argument splitting
dws contact user search --query "engineering" --timeout30           # auto-split to --timeout 30

# Fuzzy flag name matching
dws aitable record query --base-id BASE_ID --tabel-id TABLE_ID       # --tabel-id -> --table-id

# Value normalization (boolean / number / date / enum)
# "yes" -> true, "1,000" -> 1000, "2024/03/29" -> "2024-03-29", "ACTIVE" -> "active"

Agent Output	dws Auto-Corrects To
--userId	--user-id
--limit100	--limit 100
--tabel-id	--table-id
--USER-ID	--user-id
--user_name	--user-name

jq Filtering & Field Selection — fine-grained output control to reduce token consumption

# Built-in jq expressions
dws aitable record query --base-id BASE_ID --table-id TABLE_ID --jq '.invocation.params'
dws schema --jq '.products[] | {id, tools: (.tools | length)}'

# Return only specific fields
dws aitable record query --base-id BASE_ID --table-id TABLE_ID --fields invocation,response

Schema Introspection — query parameter schemas before making calls

dws schema                                              # list all products and tools
dws schema aitable.query_records                        # view parameter schema
dws schema aitable.query_records --jq '.tool.required'   # view required fields
dws schema aitable.query_records --jq '.tool.auth'       # view authorization metadata
dws schema --jq '.products[].id'                        # extract all product IDs

Pipe & File Input — read flag values from files or stdin

# Read message body from a file
dws chat message send-by-bot --robot-code BOT_CODE --group GROUP_ID \
  --title "Weekly Report" --text @report.md

# Pipe content via stdin
cat report.md | dws chat message send-by-bot --robot-code BOT_CODE --group GROUP_ID \
  --title "Weekly Report"

# Read from stdin explicitly
dws chat message send-by-bot --robot-code BOT_CODE --group GROUP_ID \
  --title "Weekly Report" --text @-

Note

: @ is treated as the @<path> file-injection prefix only when the next character is an ASCII path-shaped character (A-Z / a-z / 0-9 / . / / / ~ / _ / -), or @- for stdin. Chat-bot payloads like --text "@所有人 周报" or --text "@张三 看一下" pass through unchanged, so literal mentions reach the API as-is.

DingTalk bot — connect a robot to your local AI

dws dev connect bridges a DingTalk robot to a local AI CLI (Claude Code / Codex / opencode / Qoder / Gemini, or any tool via --agent-cmd): @-mention the bot in a chat and it answers using your local agent, keeping per-conversation multi-turn memory.

dws dev connect --channel auto --robot-client-id <id> --robot-client-secret <secret>

In-chat session commands (send the bare command as the whole message — no agent turn, no tokens):

Command	Effect
/new (aliases /start, /reset)	Start a fresh session; the previous one is left intact (resumable where the agent supports it)
/clear	Wipe the current session — disposed through the agent's real session op (opencode issues DELETE /session/:id); channels whose agent exposes no delete primitive fall back to a reset

See docs/robot-quickstart.md for the full 4-step walkthrough (install → create robot → connect → add to a group).

Key Services

Service	Command	Commands	Subcommands	Description
Contact	contact	15	user dept label relation	Search users by name / mobile / job-number, batch query, departments, labels & roles, person relations, roster profile & dismissions, current user
Chat / IM	chat (alias im)	65	message group bot conversation-info search search-common list-top-conversations group-mute group-mute-member mute set-top list-categories list-conversations	Messages (send / reply / list / list-all / by-sender / mentions / focused / unread / topic replies / search / advanced search / forward / cards / emoji & text-emotion reactions / recall / read & send status queries), group CRUD + member management (members add / remove / list / add-bot, member-role CRUD, invite URL, icon, settings, transfer-owner, set-admin, quit), bot-identity messaging (send-by-bot / recall-by-bot / send-by-webhook), conversation info, common-groups lookup, group/member/conversation mute, conversation set-top, conversation categories
Calendar	calendar	23	event book acl attendee participant room busy attachment	Events CRUD + suggested times + attachments, calendar books (get / search / primary via --id primary), access-control list, attendee management (wukong-aligned naming, --calendar-id aware), meeting room booking, free-busy query
Todo	todo	16	task comment	Create / list / update / done / get / delete tasks, plus task comments
Approval	oa	15	approval	Approve / reject / revoke / redirect tasks, pending / initiated / submitted / executed / cc instances, process forms, comments, operation records
Attendance	attendance	4	record shift summary rules	Clock-in records, shift schedules, attendance summary, group rules
Ding	ding	2	message	Send / recall DING messages
Report	report	20	create submit list detail template stats inbox outbox entry	Create / submit reports, sent & received (inbox / outbox) lists, templates (get / list), statistics, single-entry get
AI Tables	aitable	102	base table record field view section advperm workflow dashboard chart import export attachment template form	Full CRUD for Bases / datasheets / records / fields / views; node (section) management, advanced permission & roles, automation workflows; record upsert / share-url / history / primary-doc; view lock / duplicate / frozen-cols / row-height / fill-color-rule / card / timebar; charts & dashboards; import/export; attachments; forms; templates
Doc	doc	29	search list info read create update upload download copy move rename file folder block comment permission media	Search / read / write docs, file & folder create, block-level editing, comments (list / create / reply / create-inline), permission management, media, upload / download
Drive	drive	17	list list-spaces info download mkdir upload upload-info commit delete copy move rename search permission	DingTalk drive file ops: list / search / info / download, create folders, upload (one-shot or two-phase), copy / move / rename, permission management (list / mutation / remove), doc-transfer, delete
Minutes	minutes	31	list get tag update mind-graph speaker permission hot-word record upload replace-text	List AI meeting notes (mine / shared / all), tags (list / query by tag), details (info / summary / keywords / transcription / todos / batch), title/summary updates, mind map, speaker, member permission, hot-word, recording control, upload session
Mail	mail	33	mailbox message send draft folder template contact tag thread attachment user	List mailboxes, KQL search + folder-scoped message list, read & send messages, drafts, folder CRUD, message templates (CRUD), mail contacts (CRUD), tags, threads, attachments, address-book user search
Sheet	sheet	60	range filter filter-view cond-format (+ dimension, float-image, dropdown, csv, merge, find/replace, write-image, …)	Online spreadsheet (contentType=ALIDOC, extension=axls): worksheet CRUD, range read / write / copy / fill / sort / style, dimension ops, filters & filter views, conditional formatting, float images, dropdowns, CSV get/put, cell merge / unmerge, find / replace, image write
Wiki	wiki	27	space member node doc file	Knowledge base management: spaces (create / get / list / search / delete), members (add / list / update / remove), node tree (create / delete / list / search / move / copy / transfer), docs & files
DevDoc	devdoc	2	article error	Search the DingTalk Open Platform documentation and diagnose API errors
AI Search	aisearch	3	person	Enterprise people search by name / department / position / duty / supervisor / subordinate / phone / job-number (single command, multi-dimension filter)
Live	live	1	stream	DingTalk live streaming: list my lives
Raw API	api	1	—	Call any DingTalk OpenAPI directly (api / oapi dual-form), with automatic app-level token management

466 commands across 18 products (after the dws-wukong alignment in 1.0.43). Full listing with descriptions and usage scenarios: docs/command-index.md. Run dws --help for the top-level tree, or dws <service> --help for subcommands.

Note on chat bot: bot capabilities (send-by-bot / recall-by-bot / add-bot / send-by-webhook / bot search) are merged into the relevant chat subtrees (e.g. dws chat message send-by-bot, dws chat group members add-bot) so the agent-facing command surface stays flat and discoverable. There is no longer a separate top-level bot product.

Coming soon

• conference (video meetings)
• Multi-skill mode (experimental) — per-product skills under skills/multi/; opt in via dws skill setup --mode multi

Security by Design

dws treats security as a first-class architectural concern, not an afterthought. Credentials never touch disk, tokens never leave trusted domains, permissions never exceed grants, operations never escape audit — every API call must pass through DingTalk Open Platform's authentication and audit chain, no exceptions.

For Developers

Mechanism	Details
Encrypted token storage	PBKDF2 + AES-256-GCM encryption, keyed by device physical MAC address; cross-platform Keychain/DPAPI integration provides additional protection — tokens cannot be decrypted on another machine
Input security	Path traversal protection (symlink resolution + working directory containment), CRLF injection blocking, Unicode visual spoofing filtering — prevents AI Agents from being tricked by malicious instructions
Domain allowlist	DWS_TRUSTED_DOMAINS defaults to *.dingtalk.com; bearer tokens are never sent to non-allowlisted domains
HTTPS enforced	All requests require TLS; HTTP only permitted for loopback during development
Dry-run preview	--dry-run shows call parameters without executing, preventing accidental mutations
Zero credential persistence	Client ID / Secret used in memory only — never written to config files or logs

For Enterprise Admins

Mechanism	Details
OAuth device-flow auth	Users must authenticate through an admin-authorized DingTalk application
Least-privilege scoping	CLI can only invoke APIs granted to the application — no privilege escalation
Allowlist gating	Admin confirmation required during co-creation phase; self-service approval planned
Full-chain audit	Every data read/write passes through the DingTalk Open Platform API — enterprise admins can trace complete call logs in real time; no anomalous operation can hide

For ISVs

Mechanism	Details
Tenant data isolation	Operates under authorized app identity; cross-tenant access is impossible
Skill sandbox	Agent Skills are Markdown documents (SKILL.md) — prompt descriptions only, no arbitrary code execution
Zero blind spots	Every API call during ISV–dws skill orchestration is forced through DingTalk Open Platform authentication — full call chain is traceable with no bypass path

Found a vulnerability? Report via GitHub Security Advisories. See SECURITY.md.

Reference & Docs

• Command Index — every runtime command with description and when-to-use guidance
• Reference — environment variables, exit codes, output formats, shell completion
• Architecture — discovery-driven pipeline, IR, transport layer
• Open Platform App Command Routing — yulan dev app command design, MCP overlay, permission flow, and Agent routing
• Changelog — release history and migration notes

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING.md for build instructions, testing, and development workflow.

License

Apache-2.0